2022年中考英语人教版复习学案：专题十二 基本句式和主谓一致.docx

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1、专题十二基本句式和主谓一致五种简单句 肯定句陈述句否定句 U包脉络构建-知重点回句子的主语是单数,渭语动词 用单数；句子的主语是复数， 谓语动词用复数。He comes from England.语法一致滑语动词该用单数形式还是复数形 式取决于与它最邻近的主语的数。一般疑问句特殊疑问句 疑问句一选择疑问句 反意疑问句Either you or I am wrong.就近原则倒装句 动词原形+其他 z祈使句 Dont +动词原形 1 What+名词感叹句 How + adj.1adv.考点解读-攻核心回考点类型谓语动词举例或说明例句分析S+Visleep, walk, happen, come,

2、 go, stay, arrive, laugh 等They are talking.S ViS+V（系动词）+Pbe, become, look, get, feel, seem, turn, keep, sound 等I feel very happy.SVPS+Vt+O及物动词后必须跟宾语， 不及物动词不能直接跟 宾语She speaks English very well.S Vt 0简单句的五种类型（C ）3.（2021 连云港中考改编）The programme “Drive less, cycle more” will make streets much safer（安全的）.A

3、.状语 B.宾语 C.宾语补足语D.定语二、疑问句专练1. （2021 宿迁中考改编）1 have ever been to Laoshe Teahouse.（改为一般 疑问句）Have you ever been to Laoshe Teahouse?2. （2021 ,宿迁中考）Jeff does some volunteer work in the community every month.（改为一般疑问句）Does Jeff do any volunteer work in the community every month?3. （2021 召即日中考改编）He has owned

4、 the model plane since he was 通及J对画线部分提问）How long has he owned the model plane?4. （2020达州中考）David can hardly speak Chinese.（改为反意疑问句）David can hardly speak Chinese, can he?三、感叹句专练（B ）1. （2021 贵B日中考）Bill went to watch the boat races.fantastic the dragon boat teams were!A. What B.How C. What a（D ）2. （2

5、021 襄阳中考）一 nice weather it is to go hiking!Would you like to go with me?Good idea! Lets go.A. How aB. HowC. What aD. What3.（2020.上海中考）The volunteer worked hard to get more kids back to school.（改为感叹句）How hard the volunteer worked to get more kids back to school!四、祈使句专练（2020,黔西南州中考）You shouldnt tell l

6、ies to others and learn to be honest!（改为祈使句）Dont tell lies to others and learn to be honest!1. （2020黔南州中考）You shouldnt walk across the road when the light is red.（改为祈使句）Dont walk across the road when the light it red!（A ）3. （2021 梧州中考）一 your hands before dinner, Tony.No problem, Mom.A. Wash B. Washe

7、s C. Washing D. To wash五、倒装句专练（B ）1. （2021 绥化中考）Only at that time that he waswrong.A. he realized B. did he realize C. he did realize（C ）2. （2021 恩施中考）一I have never been to Tenglong Cave.A. Neither do I. B. So have L C. Neither have I.I明策略“结构”法判断简单句一个简单句只有一个“主谓结构”，常见的主语和谓语的结构有：1 .一个主语+一个谓语.两个或多个并列的主

8、语+一个谓语2 .一个主语+两个或多个并列的谓语“四步”完成对画线部分提问第一步用特殊疑问词，代替画线部分。疑问词有what、when、how、where、who、which、whose 等。第二步：把原句变成一般疑问句(画线部分是主语或主语的定语除外)。第三步：特殊疑问词加上一般疑问句，画线部分省略。第四步：归纳分析，写出正确答案。陈述句变为感叹句的方法“一断二加三换位”(1)“一断”，即在谓语后边断开，使句子分为两部分。如：She is a beautiful girl.He works / hard.(2)“二加、即如果第二部分为副词、形容词，就加上how;如果是一 个名词(词组)，就加

9、上what。如：She is / (what) a beautiful girl.He works / (how)hard.(3)“三换位”，即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置，同时把句号换为感叹号。如:What a beautiful girl she is!How hard he works!I练真题六、主谓一致专练(B )1. (2021 柳州中考)He like his brother.A. look B. looks C. looking(B )2. (2021 黔东南州中考)About of the students in Kailito school by bus.A. two fi

10、fth; goB. two fifths; goC. two fifth; goesD. two fifths; goes(C )3. (2021 绥化中考)This pair of socks soft. Illtake.A. feel; it B. feels; it C. feels; them( A )4. (2020青海中考)一 an amusement center, somerestaurants and hundreds of stores in the shopping mall.Wow, its amazing. I will go next week.A. There i

11、s B. There are C. There will bel明策略主谓一致会做题，主要明确三道理！1 .明确主语单复数，依据主谓语法一致原则；.谈论部分与整体，用含义一致原则；2 .选择情况，用就近一致原则。S+Vt+0+Ogive, pass, lend, send, show, buy, make, find, draw 等He teaches us English.S Vt O 0S+Vt+O+Cmake, call, find,have, ask, tell, keep, want, hear 等He found the bookinteresting.S Vt 0c【图解】我俩都

12、是宾语!类型问句结构举例一般 疑 问句以系动词be开头Are you a student?以助动词开头Do you get up early in the morning?以情态动词开头Can you help me?特殊 疑 问句疑问代词(what, who, whom, which, whose) 引导What do you usually do in your spare time?Who is the man over there?疑问副词(when, why, where, how)引导Why do you like pandas?How does he go to school?疑

13、问词短语（how many,How much is the T-shirt?考点疑问句的四种类型how much, how often, how long, how soon, how old, how far, what time等）引导How often do you watch TV?What time do you have breakfast?选择 疑 问句一般疑问句+。什另一个选择部分？Do you like English or Chinese?特殊疑问句+选择项+or+另一个选择贞？Whose is this, Jims or Bills?反意 疑 问句肯定陈述句+一般疑问句

14、的否定简略式？Kate has been to Beijing twice, hasnt she?否定陈述句+一般疑问句的肯定简略式？You dont come from Jinan, do you?【注意】反意疑问句的几个特殊点1 .如果陈述部分含有否定词no, little, none, nobody, nothing, few等时，其附加疑问部分用其肯定形式。2 .当陈述部分的主语是 everyone, everybody, someone, somebody等不定代词时，反意疑问句中的主语往往用they。3 . there be结构的附加疑问部分用be there或be not the

15、re的相应形 式。拓展迁移，在反意疑问句中，附加疑问部分的主语要用代词。如：Lucy and Lily are from America, arent they? （不育旨说 arent Lucy and Lily）【图解】考点语法串记感叹句口诀类别结构举例以 what引导What + a/an+W. + 单数可数名词+主语+谓语！What a beautiful mountain it is!多么美卵的山啊！What+时.+复数可数名词+主语+谓语！What great inventions he has made!他的发明多么伟大啊！What+adj. +不口数名词+主语+谓语！What

16、bad weather it is today!今天的天气多么糟糕啊！以how引导How+adj. +a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！How clever a boy he is!他是多么聪明的男孩啊！How+4/ /adv. +主语+谓语！How quickly Tom runs!汤姆跑得真快！感叹句，表情感，how, what放句前。名词词组跟what, how形副紧相连。为了句子更简洁, 主谓部分也可略。【图解】考点国考点国四祈使句1 .肯定形式的祈使句类型结构举例Do型动词原形+（宾语）+其他Sit down(, please).Be型Be +表语+其他Be quiet.Let型L

17、et+宾语+动词原形+其他Let me get it.2 .否定形式的祈使句类型结构举例Do型Don，t+动词原形+（宾语）+其他Dont open the window.Be型Don5t+be +表语+其他Dont be late for class.Let型Dont +let+宾语+动词原形+其他Dont let him go.Let +宾语+not+动词原形+其Let him not go.他拓展迁移，祈使句之后的附加疑问部分常用“Will you?二如：Dont run in the hallways, will you?以Let飞开头的祈使句，附加疑问部分常用“shall we?”。

18、Lets play soccer after school, shall we?有些祈使句可用no开头，用来表示禁止（做某事）。如:No photos!禁止拍照！ No smoking!禁止吸烟!倒装句常见的几种倒装句结构结构含义举例There be.句型表不“存在”，主语在谓语动词be的后回。谓语动词 与最近的主语保持一致There is some milk in the bottle.So +助动词/系动 词be/情态动词+ 主语表示与上文提到的肯定情况相同一Jim likes sports.一So does his brother.Neither +助动词/系动词be/情态动 词+主语表

19、示与上文提到的否定情况相同一Jane cant swim.一Neither can I.“Only +副词/介词短语/状语从句”置only引导的状语置于句首，采用部分倒装Only in this waycan we achieve our拓展迁移，于句首dream.“S0+主语+系动词(助动词或情态动词)”结构，意为“确实如此”。此结构是对前面提到的肯定事实予以确认，表示乙赞同甲的话。这种句型中，前后句主语相同。如：一It may be in that pocket.它可能在那个口袋里。Ah, so it is.啊,真的。考点原则特征举例语法一致主语为单数形式，谓语用单数形式He does h

20、is homework every evening.主语为复数形式，谓语也用复数形式You and I are good students.意义一致主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语用复数The people are busy with their work.集体名词(family, class, team等)作主语，若表示整 体概念，谓语动词用单数； 若表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式My family is big.My family are watching TV now.就近谓语动词的单、复数形式取Neither you nor he likes pop music.原则决于最靠

21、近它的主语Either he or I am an English teacher.【拓展】1 .表示度量、时间、距离、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词往往 用单数。如：Seventy miles is a long distance.七十英里是一段很长的路程。2 .主语后面跟由with, together with, except, like, but等引导的短语时, 其谓语动词的单复数与其前面的主语的数一致。如：Tom with his parents has gone to Beijing.汤姆和他父母已经去北京 了。3 . a number of +名词复数作主语时，谓语用复数;the

22、 number of+名词 复数作主语时，谓语用单数。如：A number of students want to plant trees tomorrow. 明天很多学生想 去植树。4 . or, either. . . or. . ., neither. . . nor. . ., not only. . . but also. 等连接 的并列主语或在there be句型中，通常使用就近原则。如：Either he or I am right.或者他对，或者我对。【图解】主谓一致是靠谓语动 词的变化来体现的语法串记隼 主谓一致记忆口诀集体名词作主语，重全体时谓用单。如若强调其成员，复数谓语

23、记心间。有些名词谓用复，people, police 即这般。单数主语接介短，谓语单数介无关。就近原则要牢记：除了 either. or, neither. nor, not only. but aslo,还有there be结构。包真题集训-明策略11练真题一、简单句专练(B )1. (2021 贵港中考)一What do you think of Jack?一He is honest. All of us trust him.A.主语 B.谓语 C.状语 D.宾语(A )2. (2021 东营中考)Life isnt always perfect, but ifs up to you to make your life better.C.主语 D.谓语A.表语 B.宾语