备考2023年高考二轮英语复习讲练专题07名词.docx
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1、专题07名词备考2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练溯讲练目录一命题解读二命题预测三主要考点四名词的数五名词作定语六名词所有格七名词构词法八真题练一练【命题解读】名词是历年高考的重要考点。研究近年的高考真题不难看出,近年高考对名词的考查主 语侧重于以下几个方面:名词和主谓一致是历年高考的重要考点,常常出现在完形填空、语 法填空和短文改错题型中。名词部分主要考查:1 .名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配2 .名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)3 .名词的所有格4 .抽象名词的具体化5 .名词和冠词的搭配【命题预测】预计2023年高考会侧重考查名词词义在具体语境中的细微差异,同时,地道的英语惯用 法的掌握情况也
2、将是命题者测试的重点。语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点,主 要集中在给出词根进行此类转化,根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词,名词的复数形式,所 有格形式的变化。主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。【主要考点】1 .名词的数;2 .名词作定语;抽象名词是表示某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的词,具体指特定的某一件事时, 这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。(l)difficulty 困难;a difficulty 一件困难的事(2)experience 经验;an experience 一次经历(3)failure失败;a failure一位失败者;一件失败的事(4)success
3、成功;a success 位成功者;一件成功的事(5)surprise惊奇;a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事(6)honour荣誉;an honour 一个(件)带来荣誉的人(事)另夕卜常见的还有:pleasure, shock, comfort, attraction, beauty, danger, delight, preferencet, must 等。2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词(特别是有形容词修饰时)物质名词可数名词物质名词可数名词drink饮料two drinks两杯饮料rain 雨a heavy rain 一场大雨coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡paper纸张
4、a paper 一张报纸;一篇论文tea茶two teas两杯茶wind 风a cold wind一阵冷风二、名词构词法(构成名词的后缀)后缀例词-enceexist-existence 存在 coincidentcoincidence巧合prefer-preference 偏爱-anceaccept-acceptance接受appear-appearance 出现assist-assistance 帮助 allow-allowance 允许-tionproduce-production 生产-sionexpress-expression 表达-mentdevelop-development
5、发展-nessblind一blindness 失明-agemarrymarriage 婚姻-thwarm-warmth 温暖-ureplease-pleasure 快乐depart-departure 离开-domwise-wisdom 智慧典例剖析L (2022年全国甲卷) Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 65 (protect).【答案】protection【解析】考查词形转换。曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容 词environm
6、ental可知,此处用名词protection,作宾语。故填protectiono典例剖析2.(2022 年浙江 1 月真题)When the answer, was no, she, declined the (invite). 【答案】invitation【解析】考查名词。句意:当答案是否定的时候,她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动 词 decline 的宾语,故填 invitationo真题练一练1. 【2022 年新高考 I 卷】The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 42 (population
7、)and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.2. 【2022 年全国甲卷】Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 65 (protect).3. 2022 年全国高考乙卷】As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the
8、largest tea-producing country, China has a 45 (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.4. 2022 年新高考全国 II 卷】“He saved my 44 (son) life/9 said Mrs. Brown.5. (2022 年浙江 1 月真题)When the answer, was no, she, declined the (invite).6. (2021 新高考 I 卷)The
9、rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (human) are.7. (2021新高考H卷) A company(represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.8. (2021 全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, bu
10、t we stopped at the different gates and(watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people9. (2021全国乙卷)Itis different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educate about the areas-both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often
11、 provides money for conservation and benefits the(develop)of the local areas. 10. (2021 全国乙卷)(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)11. (2021 北京卷)Why do we dream ? Scientists arent completely sure,and they have diverse(idea).12. (2021 浙江卷)In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some la
12、nd from Charles Dresser, who performed their (marry) ceremony in 1842.13. (2021 浙江卷 1 月)It is calculated by dividing a 38 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.14. (2020 新课标 I 卷)The far side of the moon is of particular (interes
13、ting) to scientists15. (2020新课标H卷) Chinese New Year is a(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.16. (2020 新课标 III 卷)Filled with(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.17. (2020 年北京卷)Now, lots of(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of suc
14、h bags to stop people using them.18. (2020 浙江卷)Later, they learned to work with the(season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas,making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.19. (2020 浙江卷 1 月)For Japan, the(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.20. (2020 山东
15、卷)Historical(accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 【答案】1. populations 2.protection 3.responsibility 4.sons 5.invitation 6.humans 7. representative 8.watchtowers 9. development 10. Activities 11. ideas 12. marriage 13.person 14. interest15.celebration 16. curiosity 17. countries 18. seasons
16、 19.numbers 2O.accuracyII.语篇填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.(四川省南充市阖中中学校2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月考)I still have fond memories of a gentleman who helped shape my future. I was in college 41 my father passed away. I had another year to graduate. The trouble was that I just couldnot concentrate 42 my st
17、udies anymore. My mother and I were the only ones 43(leave) and it seemed as if my spirit had died. Whenever I tried to open my books to study, 44 (tear) would block my view.At that time, I received the help through my fathers financial advisor. One evening, he visited us and 45(inquire) about my st
18、udies after talking about business. I told him I could not go tocollege because I did not want 46(study) anymore. He reminded me how my father had sentme to the 47(good) college in our city. I wept and said I did want to do 48 my dadwanted but I just couldnt study. He gave me all the encouragement I
19、 needed to be able to carry on. His calm, gentle voice did wonders and I decided to study 49 (far) and complete my graduation.I still remember this fond gentleman who helped me make 50 right decision.【答案】41 . when 42. on 43 left 44. tears 45. inquired 46. tostudy 47. best 48. what 49. further 50. th
20、e【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的父亲 去世后,作者一度陷入悲伤之中。这时,父亲的一位财务顾问用他鼓励的话语激励了作者, 改变了作者的人生。42 .考查状语从句。句意:我父亲去世时我正在上大学。引导时间状语从句,表示“当时 候应用wheno故填when。43 .考查介词。句意:问题是我不能再集中精力学习了。短语concentrate on意为“把注意力 集中于故填on。44 .考查非谓语动词。句意:我母亲和我是唯一的幸存者,而我的灵魂似乎已经死去。此处 ones指代“my mother and T,与leave之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。故填left。 44.考查名词的数。句意:每
21、当我想打开书本学习的时候,眼泪就会挡住我的视线。tear意 为“眼泪”时,常用复数形式,故填tears。45 .考查时态。句意:一天晚上,他来拜访我们,在谈了生意之后,询问了我的学业。and 连接两个并列的谓语动词,由前面的visited可知,应用一般过去时。故填inquired。46 .考查非谓语动词。句意:我告诉他我不能上大学,因为我不想再学习了。短语want to do sth.表示“想要做某事,后接动词不定式作宾语。故填to study。47 .考查最高级。句意:他提醒我父亲是如何把我送到我们城市最好的大学的。由the及“in our city”可知,应用最高级,表示“我们市最好的大学
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