2021-2022学年山东省威海市文登新一中高三（上）期中英语试卷（附答案详解）.docx

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1、202L2022学年山东省威海市文登新一中高三（上）期中英语试卷AElena Yi dreamed of pursuing piano performance in college, never minding that her fingers could barely reach the length of an octave （八度音阶）.Unable to fully play many works by Romantic-era composers including Beethoven and Brahms, she tried anyway一 and in her determin

2、ation to spend hours practicing a Chopin concerto, wound up injuring herself.The efforts of Professor Carol Leone from the Southern Methodist University （SMU） are changing all that： twenty years ago, the school became the first major university in the U.S.to introduce smaller keyboards into its musi

3、c program, leveling the playing field for Yi and other piano majors.Yi, 21, tried one of the smaller keyboards, nI remember being really excited, because my hands could actually reach and play all the right notes, she said.For decades, few questioned the size of the traditional piano.For those with

4、small hand spans （掌星巨）， its difficult to properly play many works of Beethoven and Brahms.Those who attempt to play them either get used to skipping notes or risk injury with repeated play.Leone is familiar with such challenges.Born into a family of musicians, she favored classical music and pursued

5、 piano despite her small hand span, and earned a degree as a doctor in musical arts.The idea of smaller keyboards first met resistance from some traditionalists.Leone also said that when she raised the issue with one Viennese professor, he told her there were already too many pianists anyway. Though

6、 such resistance is fading, there are some very traditional people who think of piano as a competitive thing.Leone said, “This is art, not sport.Its about making as much beautiful art as possible, and we should give everybody the opportunity to do that.11. Why did Elena Yi find it hard to play a Cho

7、pin concerto so well ? A. Her fingers got injured.B. It was time-consuming.C. Her hand spans were small.D. The traditional piano was out of tune.2. What is paragraph 4 intended to do? 1 . Summarize the previous paragraphs.8 . Add some background information.9 . Introduce a new topic for discussion.1

8、0 Provide some advice for pianists.【解析】（1） A.细节理解题。根据第二段In 1993, as a result of an air crash, he was paralyzed from the waist down and he had to undergo five years of rehabilitation.But Wang neve r ceased exploring the possibilities of his body. （1993 年，由于一次飞机失事，他腰部以下瘫痪，不 得不接受5年的康复治疗。但王嘉鹏从未停止探索自己身体的

9、可能性。）和第四段After two weeks of intense training, in March 1999, Wang participated in the Ridderrennet, or the Knights Racean annual cross-country ski race for the visually and physically challenged一held in Norway.He won two gold medals.（经过两周的高强度训练，1999年3月,王嘉鹏参加了 在挪威举行的，专门为视力和体能障碍者举办的骑士越野滑雪比赛。他获得了两枚金牌。）

10、可知， 在经过五年的康复治疗和调整状态后，这位17岁的少年重新找回了他以为永远失去的东西一一在 雪覆盖的斜坡上滑雪的兴奋感，exhilaration意为“兴奋感”。故选A。11 ） D.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话 In 1993, as a result of an air crash, he was paralyzed from the waist down and he had to undergo five years of rehabilitation. （1993 年, 由 于一次飞机失事，他腰部以下瘫痪，不得不接受5年的康复治疗。）可知，五年前他十二岁的时 候，遭遇了一次飞机失

11、事，导致他腰部以下瘫痪。故选D。12 ） C.细节理解题。根据第七段第一句话 So far, the school has welcomed more than 1, 700 students and graduates from 124 countries and regions.（至目前为止，该校已经迎来了 来自 124 个国家和地区的1700多名学生和毕业生。）可知，王嘉鹏创建的世界联合学院吸引了来自世界各 地的学生，故选C。13 ） A.主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲的是王嘉鹏身残志不残，努力实现自身的人生价值的故事, 故A项”有志者事竟成”符合文章的大意。故选A。本文是一篇励志故事。现年

12、四十一岁的王嘉鹏，十二岁时遭遇了一次飞机失事，导致他腰部以下 瘫痪，但是他并没有放弃梦想，在1999年3月在挪威举行的世界残疾人滑雪比赛中获得两枚金牌， 并且顺利地在UWC世界联合学院完成了学业，随后他将UWC世界联合学院带到中国大陆，让更 多的人包括一些残疾人士能够在那里接受良好的教育。做阅读时首先要通读全文，理解文章大意，然后带着问题到原文中找信息句，仔细研究问题和跟 问题有关的句子，琢磨其意思，选出正确答案。811 .【答案】D、B、C、D【解析】【文章大意】文章探讨了一个问题一一砍伐森林对野生动物有好处吗？ .根据第一段内容（在古老的森林里看到一片被砍伐的森林是一种令人震惊的经历C大大

13、小小的 树木一个接一个地堆在一起，地面上布满了重型机械的履带。森林活动家扎克波特和我在绿山国 家森林新修建的伐木公路上徒步旅行时，看到了这样的一幕。）可知，作者通过叙述自己的经历 开始文章的。故选D。14 根据第二段中的 But now, the Forest Habitat Creation Project represents new reasoning-which is hotly debated一that clear-cutting benefits native creatures.（但是现在，森林栖息地创造项目代表了 一种新 的推理一一这是一种备受争议的推理一一砍伐森林有利于本地生

14、物。）可知，“森林栖息地创建 项目”认为伐木对野生动物是有益的。故选B。15 根据划线词后文 Forests can produce clean water, clean air, carbon storage, and biodiversity that we need, he continues as we walk among lovely mixed hardwoods and evergreens that are cut down for logging. We shouldnt be removing them for short-term gain.（森林可以产生我们需要的清洁

15、水、清 洁空气、碳储存和生物多样性，“当我们走在被砍伐的可爱的阔叶林和常青树之间时，他继续说 道。”我们不应该为了短期利益而移除它们。）可知，波特反对砍树，所以可推知，划线词dereliction 是贬义的，misconduct玩忽职守，符合语境，划线词所在句表达的意思是：允许新英格兰地区一 些最古老的树木被砍伐，对政府来说等同于玩忽职守，因为他们把森林视为商品。故选C。16 根据第二段中的 But now, the Forest Habitat Creation Project represents new reasoning-which is hotly debated一that clea

16、r-cutting benefits native creatures.（但是现在，“森林栖息地创造项目”代表了 一 个被热烈讨论的新理由砍伐森林对本土生物有利。）根据第四段Nevertheless, Porter says,n Allowing some of the oldest standing trees in New England to be removed is equal to dereliction of duty on the part of the government, who sees the forests as commodities（商 品）（然而，波特说，“允

17、许新 英格兰地区一些最古老的树木被砍伐，对政府来说等同于玩忽职守，因为他们把森林视为商品。“）可知，短文探讨了砍伐森林对野生动物有没有好处的问题。所以短文的最佳标题为D项（砍 伐森林对野生动物有好处吗？）。故选D。1215.【答案】A、A、D、A【解析】（1）代词指代题。根据第一 If we jump in the air as high as possible, we can stay off the ground for about half a second.Michael Jordan could stay airborne for almost one second while sk

18、i jumpers are able to do that for five to seven seconds as they travel about the length of a football field through the air.So how do they do ?（如果我们跳到尽可能高的空中，我们可以离开地面大约 半秒钟。迈克尔乔丹可以在空中停留将近一秒钟，而滑雪运动员在空中飞行大约一个足球场的长 度时，可以停留五到七秒钟。那么他们是如何做到这一点的呢？）可知，this指代的是上文提到 的情况，即”迈克尔乔丹可以在空中停留将近一秒钟，而滑雪运动员在空中飞行大约一个足球场

19、的长度时，可以停留五到七秒钟。二所以this指的是迈克尔乔丹和滑雪运动员在空中比我们停 留更长时间。故选A项。（2）细节理解题。根据第二段 But athletes also interact with the air as they move.lt is this interaction that can produce lift, an upwards force produced by air pushing on an object.If the force produced from lift roughly balances the force of gravity, the ob

20、ject can fly.（但运动员在运动时也会与空气相互作用。 正是这种相互作用可以产生升力，即空气推动物体产生的向上的力。如果升力与重力大致平衡， 物体就可以飞行。）可知，滑雪运动员是利用与空气的相互作用在空中飞行。故选A项。（3）段落大意题。根据第三段 In the ski jump, jumpers start high up on a slope and then ski downhill to generate speed.Just before they reach the end of the slope, they jump.Once jumpers are in the a

21、ir, the fun physics begins.They use careful body positioning to maximize lift while / minimizing drag.To do this, they adjust their skis and body nearly parallel to the ground and place their skis in a V-shape just outside the form of the body.This position increases the surface area that generates

22、lift and puts them in the ideal angle of attack that will also maximize lift.As drag reduces the speed of the jumpers, lift decreases and gravity continues to pull on them.They will begin to fall faster and faster until they land.（在品兆台）骨雪中， 滑雪运动员从斜坡上的高处开始，然后滑下山以产生速度。就在他们到达斜坡尽头之前，他们跳 了起来。一旦滑雪运动员在空中，有

23、趣的物理开始了。他们使用谨慎的身体定位来最大限度地提 升，同时最小化阻力。为了做到这一点，他们调整他们的滑雪板和身体几乎平行于地面，并把他 们的滑雪板放在身体外部的V形。这个位置增加了产生升力的表面积,并使它们处于理想的角度， 从而使升力最大化。当阻力降低跳投者的速度时，升力降低，重力继续拉着跳投者。它们会越来 越快地下落，直到着陆。）可知，这段主要讨论的是跳台滑雪的基本步骤。故选D项。（4）标题归纳题。根据第二段中 Three major concepts from physics are at play in the ski jump： gravity, lift and drag.（在跳

24、台滑雪中有三个主要的物理概念：重力、升力和阻力）结合文章主要讲述了滑 雪运动员是如何在空中飞行及其基本步骤。A选项”跳台滑雪运动员在天空中飞翔”最符合文章标 题。故选A项。这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了滑雪运动员是如何做到在空中停留更长的时间及其基本步骤。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对 未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事 例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。1620.【答案】D、E、G、A、C【解析】（1） D.推理判断题。根据上文 When youTe givi

25、ng a speech to an audience,there isnt a one-stop-shop approach that will address every individual.（当你向听众发表演讲时，没有 一种一站式的方法可以针对每个人。）可知，发表演讲时，没有可以一个通用的方法可以适用于 每一个人，所以空处应表示观众是不同的，要求也不尽相同，D项”听众，无论大小，都很复杂， 有不同的要求。”符合语境。故选D。（2） E.标题归纳题。标题归纳题。根据下文Larger audiences often have little or no audience participati

26、on,so you need to ensure that your speech fills the time slot （空档）allocated.（较大的听众通常很少或 根本没有听众参与，因此您需要确保您的演讲占满时间段分配。）可知，听众较大的时候，听众 参与少，应该调整演讲占满时间段，E项中the audience size是关键词，根据听众大小调整演讲，E项”根据听众大小调整演讲是你的第一个行动点。”符合语境。故选E。（3） G.细节理解题。根据下文This means youll need to prepare enough material to fill the time sl

27、ot if needed,but allow for questions or comments throughout while still delivering your message in the time you have. （这意味着如果需要，你需要准备足够的材料来填补这段时间，但是在你所拥有的时间中传递信 息的同时，要允许问题或评论。）可知，你需要准备材料填补时间，并应对听众可能的提问或者 评论，G项”对于较小的观众，他们有更多的机会进行更多的交谈和放松。”符合语境。故选G。（4） A.推理判断题。根据下文 As a general rule, there are 4 diffe

28、rent ways people learn （一般来说， 有四种不同的学习方式）可知，听众会有不同的学习方式，A项”他们以许多不同的方式学习和吸 收信息。”符合语境。故选A。（5） C.推理判断题。根据上文Targeting these two types of audience will be a bigger and more difficult task.（针对这两类受众将是一 项更大、更困难的任务。）说明，针对初学者和专家这两类受众进行演讲是困难的，以及下文 Trying to target both experts and beginners with the same speec

29、h could alienate （疏远）both parties and result in the loss of engagement completely.（试图用同一个演讲同时针对专家和 初学者可能会疏远这两类听众，导致完全失去参与。）可知，用同样地语言对待两种类型受众是 不可行的，所以空处应说明应对这两类受众的方式，C项”最有效的方法是为你的演讲创建两个版 本。”符合语境。故选C。这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了发表演讲没有一劳永逸的方法，需要根据听众的大小或者类型来调 整演讲内容。“七选五”选择题，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和 掌握。解题时最主要

30、的两个步骤就是1.理清文章的逻辑和结构，2.在所给的原文中找出关键词 或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你 确定更多的细节，排除相近的选。得出正确的答案。2135.【答案】A、B、C、D、A、C、C、B、D、A、A、D、C、C、B【解析】（1） A.考查动词及语境理解。A.owned拥有；B上orrowed借来；C.invented发明；D.promoted 促进。句意:无论如何，那是在大多数人拥有手机之前。根据后文a mobile phone”指拥有手机， 应用own。故选Ao(2) B.考查动词及语境理解c A.revealed揭露；B.re

31、alized意识到；C.told告诉；D.faced面对c句 意：大约半个小时后，我爸爸意识到了事实。根据后文宾语the truth指父亲认识到了他们迷路的 事实。故选B。(3) C考查连词及语境理解。A.all全部；B.if如果；Cyet然而；D.so所以。句意：我们绕着圈 子走了又走，试图找到那条路，但运气不佳。根据后文”with no luck”可知他们没有找到路，前后 文为转折关系，应用yet。故选C。(4) D.考查动词及语境理解。A.complain抱怨；B.erupt喷发;C.regret后悔;D.panic恐慌。句意： 我能看出我爸爸开始恐慌了，尽管他试图瞒着我。根据后文We

32、had been in the forest for hours”可 知父子俩在森林里迷路了，父亲开始恐慌。故选D。(5) A.考查名词及语境理解。A.terror惊恐;B.anger愤怒；C.disappointment失望；D.loss损失。 句意：我们在森林里待了好几个小时，都知道妈妈肯定处于极度恐惧的状态。根据上文”We had been in the forest for hours”可知父子俩在森林里迷路了，母亲肯定很担心害怕。故选A。(6) C.考查动词及语境理解。A.decide决定；B.announce宣布;C.imagine想象；D.clarify澄清。 句意：在学校的时候

33、，我刚听人讲过那些死在荒野里的徒步旅行者的故事，我发现很容易想象我 们的命运也会是这样。根据上文I had just been told the story of the hikers who had died in the wilderness and I found it easy to”可知，作者听人讲过那些死在荒野里的徒步旅行者的故事，所以很 容易想象他们的命运也会是这样。故选C。(7) C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.simple简单的；B.short短暂的；C.straight直的；D.similar相似 的。句意：”如果我们继续走直线，我们就能离开这里，”爸爸说。根据后文line

34、well get out of here” 可知沿着走直线就能走出森林，故选C。(8) B.考查副词及语境理解。A.Regularly定期地;B.Eventually终于；C.Surprisingly惊人地； D.Generally通常。句意：最后我们听到了汽车的声音，来到了一条主要道路上。根据后文”we heard the sound of cars”可知作者和父亲最后走出了森林，故选B。(9) D.考查动词词义辨析。A.chose选择；B.missed错过；C.followed跟随；D.reached到达。句 意：最后我们听到了汽车的声音，来到了一条主要道路上。根据后文”amainroad

35、”他们到达了主路 上。故选D。(10) A.考查动词短语和动词及语境理解。A.setoff出发；B.passed通过；C. called at拜访；D.lived 居住。句意：我们离出发的那个村子已有11英里了，但至少还有路标。根据上文”We were eleven milesfromthe village where we had”可知，他们出来后发现离出发的那个村子已有11英里了，故选 Ao(11) A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.lost迷路的；B.sensitive敏感的;C.angry愤怒的;D.stuck被 困的。句意：当我完全迷失的时候，我经常会想到这个策略，不管是字面上的还是隐喻

36、上的。呼 应上文Oh, it seems that were lost.”指他们在森林里迷路的经历。故选A。(12) D.考查名词及语境理解。A.term时期；B.race比赛；C.performance表现；D.breakdown崩溃。 句意；当我在崩溃的时候，当我的心因恐惧而快速跳动，我不知道我该如何继续生活时，我想到 了它。根据后文how I could carry on living”可知不知继续生活，说明处在崩溃的时候，故选Do(13) C.考查名词及语境理解。A.excitement激动；B.surprise惊讶；C.fear恐惧;D.interest兴趣。 句意：当我在崩溃的时候

37、，当我的心因恐惧而快速跳动，我不知道我该如何继续生活时，我想到 了它。根据后文how I could carry on living”可知，崩溃的时候，心跳因恐惧而加快。故选C。(14) C.考查名词及语境理解。A.way方法;B.cycle循环;C.direction方向；D.distance距离。句 意：在同一个方向上，一只脚走在另一只脚的前面，总比原地打转走得更远。结合上文作者和父 亲是靠着走直线走出森林的，可知此处指保持同一个方向。故选C。(15) B.考查名词及语境理解。A.ambition抱负；B.determination决心;C.inspiration灵感; D.coopera

38、tion合作。句意：重要的是继续前进的决心。根据后文to ke叩walking forward”可知出走 困境靠的是继续前进的决心。故选B。这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过描述作者和父亲一次在森林里迷路的经历，告诉我们在面临困境 的时候，保持同一个方向，有继续前进的决心，总能走出困境。完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔 细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。作出正确的选择。36 .【答案】Dear Mathew,Knowing you would like to travel to Beijing in winter vacati

39、on, I feel very glad.In reply to your last letter, I am writing to tell you the preparations to be made in advance and the situation in Beijing.【高分 句型一】（写信目的）In order to communicate with locals, you had better learn some simple daily expressions ahead of time.In addition, you are also expected to in

40、form me of your arrival time and airport so that I can meet you at the airport.【高分句型二】（需要做的准备工作）Beijing used to be the ancient capital for six dynasties, with numerous historical sites, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and so on.Besides, Beijing Opera, the quintessence of Chinese culture, e

41、njoys a good reputation at home and abroad.Beijing Roast Duck is a delicious food that must be tasted by you.（北京的情况）Looking forward to your coming soon.（表达期盼）Yours,Li Hua【解析】高分句型一In reply to your last letter, I am writing to tell you the preparations to be made in advance and the situation in Beijin

42、g.翻译：我写信告你您需要提前做好的准备以及北京的情况作为对你的上一封信的回复。分析：句子里，动词不定式的被动to be made in advance作the preparations的后置定语。 高分句型二In addition, you are also expected to inform me of your arrival time and airport so that I can meet you at the airport.翻译：此外，你还需要通知我你的到达时间和机场，以便我在机场接你。分析：句子里，so that引导目的状语从句I can meet you at the

43、airporto提纲类写作是近年高考英语书面表达的热点题型，命题人通常以提纲作文的形式考查书信、报道、 通知、日记、发言稿、对某人或某物的介绍、欢迎词等。提纲作文的选材范围很广，内容简单易 懂，且多是考生熟悉的话题。这类题型的主要特点是要点明确.范围具体。但考生也容易受中文提 纲的制约，将书面表达变成了翻译，造成语法结构和词汇上的单调，甚至写出结构不完整的句子。37 .【答案】Paragraph 1：Maria mother agreed to go with her worried daughter to their neighbors house. As they approached M

44、rs.Hernandez*s house, Maria felt uneasy.【高分句型一 She rang the doorbell several times.Marias mother repeatedly called out to Mrs.Hernandez.Inside, Marisol began to bark.Now extremely fearful, Maria pushed aside the bushes by the front window and peered inside.The first thing she saw was Marisol, jumpin

45、g excitedly and barking desperately.Then she saw Mrs.Hernandezs motionless body sprawled on the floor.Maria felt helpless. nMom, she screamed, “get help!” Maria*s mother rushed to a neighbors house and telephoned the hospital. （Maria去邻居家里，发现她倒在了地板上）Paragraph 2：Then, Maria and her mother waited there

46、 anxiously. Moments later, some doctors arrived in an ambulance.They discovered that Mrs.Hernandez had slipped and broken her hip, and they took her to hospital at once.高分句型二That afternoon, Maria and her mother dropped by the hospital.A nurse said Marias concern for her neighbors safety had saved Mr

47、s.Hernandezs life.She said Mrs.Hernandez would recover completely.Since Mrs.Hernandez was asleep, Maria left her some cookies with a note that read： To my good friend Mrs.Hernandez： Feel better, Ill look after Marisol, and I miss youMaria.* （邻居成功获救，两人成为了好朋友）【解析】本文描写了 Maria和她的邻居之间所发生的事情。高分句型一： As the

48、y approached Mrs.Hernandezs house, Maria felt uneasy.翻译：当他们走近Hernandez夫人的家的时候，Maria感到很紧张。 分析：as引导的时间状语从句。高分句型二：They discovered that Mrs.Hernandez had slipped and broken her hip, and they took her to hospital at once.翻译：他们发现Hernandez夫人滑倒了并且摔伤了臀部，他们把她送到了医院。 分析：that引导的宾语从句。解题方法点拨（1）品读原文，确定文章线索每篇文章都有各自独

49、特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间 为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生”顺藤摸瓜（结尾）,（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求一般短文后面的“注意”都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的 关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到“心中有数”。（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写 段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写 时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连 田 贝。3. What is the Viennese p