备考2023年高考二轮英语复习讲练专题 10介词.docx
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1、专题10介词和介词短语备考2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测-讲练 目录一命题解读二命题预测三主要考点四介词的用法五介词的特殊用法六介词短语七易错点八即时练一练【命题解读】通过研究历年高考真题不难看出,介词是高考中的必考点。介词在高考中主要体现在语法填 空和短文改错中。语法填空中对代词的考查以无提示词形式呈现,短文改错中考查介词的误 用或多/少词。对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法上,最常见的是对介词短语的考查及 固定搭配。【命题预测】预计2023年高考对介词的考查会更加灵活,以语法填空、短文改错兼顾完形填空的语篇辨析。 侧重介词的基本含义和介词短语在语境中的释义。【高考热点】1 .常见介词的
2、基本用法和特殊用法;2 .介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定under1under control 在控制之中;under discussion 在讨论中;under development 在发展 中;under construction 在建设中;under repair 在修理中forfor lack of由于缺乏;for the benefit of为了的利益;as for就而论,关于byby chance=by accident偶然,碰巧;by name用名字,名叫;by far至U目前为止out ofout of order发生故障,失调;out of place不得其所的,不适当的
3、;out of control失去 控制;out of ones reach某人够不着的地方;out of the question不可能;out of question毫无疑问of+抽象名词of great value二very valuable;of great help=very helpful ;of great importance=very important;of great use=very useful;of significance=significant;ofinterest=interesting;of benefit=beneficialto+ones+ 情感名词am
4、azement (惊奇),admiration (羡慕),annoyance (烦恼),astonishment (惊奇),delight 。欣喜),amusement (娱乐),despair(绝望),disappointment(失望),embarrassment(难 堪),happiness(幸福),horror (恐怖),joy (高兴),puzzlement (疑惑),relief (放 心),satisfaction (满意),regret (遗憾),shame (羞愧),sorrow (悲伤),surprise (惊讶)underunder construction 在建造中;u
5、nder control 在控制之下;under discussion 在讨论 中under pressure在压力下;under repair在修理中;under test在测试中考点四介词及介词短语易错点易错点一介词词义的误用(1)【误】The bridge on the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down.【正】 The bridge over the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now i
6、n danger of falling down.分析over通常指“正对的上方,表示两个物体之间垂直的相对位置;on指线上或面 上的接触点,仅在两个物体互相接触的情况下表示“在上面”。(2)【误】In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch with writing often.【正】In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch by writing often.分析with表示用具体的工具,此处用by表示抽象的方式。by writing意为“通
7、过写信”。本 题不是keep in touch with的固定搭配。注意造成以上错误的原因在于对词义接近的介词的用法不清,应加强对考点一第“二”点的 学习。易错点二介词搭配的误用(1)【误】 You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich of vitamins.【正】 You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins.分析be rich in是固定搭配,意为“富含”。根据语境可知,把。f改为in。(2)【误】 He got married
8、with her last month.【正】 He got married to her last month.【正】 He married her last month.分析get married to sb = marry sb为固定表达,意为“与某人结婚”。(3)【误】 Under the help of the teacher, he made rapid progress.【正】 With the help of the teacher, he made rapid progress.分析with the help of sb意为“在某人的帮助下”为固定短语。注意造成以上错误一方面
9、在于不熟悉介词的语法功能和不同搭配,另一方面在于英汉差 异而致,如误区二第处和第处。平时应注意短语的积累,方能避免此类问题。易错点三介词的缺失错误(1)【误】If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.IE If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait for your teacher to lead you outside.分析wait for是固定搭配,意为“等待”,由于其后有宾语yo
10、ur teacher,故需要加介词for。(2)【误】 He is the man I just spoke.【正】 He is the man I just spoke to.分析man后为省略了关系词的定语从句,对某人讲话为speak to sb,故t。不可缺失。易错点四 介词的多余错误【误】 We, together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home in last week.1E We, together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home last week.分析时间
11、名词前有this,next, last等修饰时,一般不再用介词,last week前面不须加介词。 注意造成以上错误的原因主要在于受汉语表达的影响,若想避免此类问题多背多练是关 键。1 .介词必须要接宾语,宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词或者what从句充当。若设空后是名 词、代词或动名词且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语,则要考虑介词。2 .“四种方法”确定介词(1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系;(2)根据语境含义结合介词用法;根据特殊的结构关系,如接复合宾语就只能用with或without ;(4)根据介词与动词等的搭配。 即时练一练1 .单句语法填空 He seized me the arm.
12、The skiers red clothes stood out clearly the snow.I have the same book you (have).The big stone looks a monkey.I know nothing about the young lady that she is from Beijing.She was given a scholarship the award.Japan is/lies the east of China.The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place the main road at th
13、e far end of the lake.Some students often listen to music classes to refresh themselves.then on she knew she would win.)lost my money and I have been worried then.Lets discuss it lunch.have finished the work ten oclock tomorrow. usually take a bath having my breakfast.t is very considerate you to re
14、mind me.t is necessary the students to know some learning methods.)t is me why she wants to marry Jeff.答案:byagainstaslikeexceptbesidestooffbetween From incever y efore f or eyondn.语篇填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(重庆巴蜀中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考)Liangzhu Museum displays various burial objects found i
15、n the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The ruins have gained worldwide recognition 36evidence for the existence of at least 5,00() years of Chinese civilization.When Zhang Han set foot inside Liangzhu Museum, the 10-year-old embarked on a tour that took him back m
16、ore than 5,000 years. Wearing the smart glasses, Zhang _37(present) with virtual images of relics. Augmented reality glasses feature among a string of measures taken by the museum to give visitors a more vivid experience of Liangzhu civilization, while 38 (help) them gain a better appreciation of Ch
17、inese culture.Tourists can also visit the official website of Liangzhu Museum to enjoy a virtual tour. With 39click of the mouse, they can gain access to exhibition halls that they may never be able to visit _40(physical).41 (advance) technologies are increasingly playing a major role in Chinese mus
18、eums. In the northwestern Chinese city of Dunhuang, 42 is known for the UNESCO World Heritage Site Mogao Grottoes, the digital Dunhuang project” has made extensive use of digitalization.By the end of 2021, it43(complete) the digital collection of 268 grottoes, the image processing of 164 grottoes, a
19、nd so on.The protection and _44_ (revive) of Dunhuangs ancient culture is not an isolated case in China. The Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi province also have 3D digital archives”, which allow precious cultural relics and historical archives _45(preserve) permanently.借案】36 . as 37waspresented 38 . helpi
20、ng 39 . a 40 . physically 41 . Advanced 42 . which 43 . had completed 44 . revival 45 . to be preserved【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了良渚博物馆和现代技术相结合,让游客可以在 虚拟的世界中了解中国文化。36 .考查介词。句意:这片废墟已被世界公认为至少5000年中国文明存在的证据。根据 evidence for the existence of at least 5,000 years of Chinese civilization”可知,这片废墟作为中国 文明存在5000年的证据被
21、世界认可,所以空处需要介词as”作为二故填as。37 .考查时态语态。句意:戴着智能眼镜,张看到了文物的虚拟图像。分析句子结构可知, 空处为句子的谓语动词。根据语境可知,句子为一般过去时态,主语和谓语之间为被动关系。 综上所述,空处为一般过去时态的被动语态,主语为单数。故填was presented。38 .考查非谓语动词。句意:博物馆采取了一系列措施,让游客更生动地体验良渚文明,同 时帮助他们更好地了解中国文化,其中包括增强现实眼镜。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓 语动词做状语,该动词和主句的主语之间存在主动关系,所以用现在分词。故填helping。39 .考查冠词。句意:只需点击鼠标,他们就
22、可以进入他们可能永远无法实际参观的展厅。a click o俨点击.故填 a。40 .考查副词。句意:只需点击鼠标,他们就可以进入他们可能永远无法实际参观的展厅。 分析句子结构可知,空处需要副词修饰动词。故填physically。41 .考查形容词。句意:先进技术在中国博物馆中扮演着越来越重要的角色。空处修饰后面 的名词,需要形容词作定语。advance的形容词advanced“先进的,首字母大写。故填Advanced。 42 .考查定语从句。句意:在以联合国教科文组织世界遗产莫高窟而闻名的中国西北部城市 敦煌,”数字敦煌项目”广泛利用了数字化。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限定性定语从句, 修饰
23、先行词Dunhuang,先行词在非限定性定语从句中作主语,先行词为物,所以用关系代词 which引导。故填which。43 .考查时态。句意:截至2021年底,已完成268座石窟的数字化采集、164座石窟图像处 理等工作。分析句子结构可知,空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语“By the end of 2021” 可知,句子为过去完成时态。故填had completed。44 .考查名词。句意:敦煌古代文化的保护和复兴在中国并不是一个孤立的案例。根据and 前的protection可知,空处需要名词。revive的名词为revival“复兴”。故填revival。2.(安徽省六安市裕安区新安中
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