备战2023年高考英语重难题型高分攻略01 动词的时态语态(教师版).docx
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1、备使2023高考语法之动词时态语态目录内容板块一基础知识解析板块二单句语法填空板块三篇章语法填空一:基础知识解析1:考点归纳动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。动词时态考查虽多,但考向非常集中,最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时,其次是现在完成时,其他时态考查相对较少。因此备考重点是:动词时态的基本用法动词语态的基本用法主谓一致通过“时态定义解决时态:虽然新课标或考纲中列出了 10种时态,但近三年全国卷主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。尽管如此,以下8种时态的基本用法和构成还应掌握。准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。般将来时will do过去将来时would do一般现在时do/does一般过
2、去时did现在进行时am/is/are doing过去进行时was/were doing现在完成时have/has done过去完成时had done2:考点详解1:动词时态的一般体时态用法例句一般现在表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状 态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night 等连用。On Monday mornings, it usually takes me an hour to
3、drive to work though the actual distance is only 20 miles.周一早晨开车上班我一般要花 费一个小时,尽管实际距离只有20英里。如果主句用一般将来时,那么在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started.这位总统 希望人们在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。.般过去表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与(2019江苏卷)A few months after he
4、 had arrived often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还 in China, Mr. Smith fell in love with the peoplebeneficial o5 .考查定语从句。句意:并且我们也能与离我们距离较远的朋友以及生意伙伴交流。根据句子分析可 知,our friends and business partners为先行词,后跟定语从句,定语从句中,are为系动词,far away from us为表语,缺主语。先行词为人,故用that/who引导定语从句。故填who/that。6 .考查冠词。句意:如果不探索太空,我们就无法发
5、现它的奥秘,也无法开拓我们的视野,这些都是 远远超出了地球之外的。根据句子分析可知,planet earth意为“行星地球”,可数名词,表示世界上独一 无二的要用定冠词,故填the。7 .考查谓语动词单复数。句意:此外,我们与动物的不同之处在于我们知道我们需要去探索。根据句 子分析可知,what引导的主语从句what distinguishes us from animals为主语,空后that引导表语从句, 此空为谓语。what引导的主语从句,谓语动词用单数,且根据distinguishes可知,时态为一般现在时, 故填iso8 .考查介词。句意:事实上,太空科技并不只是对知识的探索,还是一
6、面镜子,反映了我国的发展。 根据句子分析可知,,对的探索”表达为the research for sth.,故填for。9 .考查现在分词作宾语。句意:我们将致力于国家的发展。根据句子分析可知,“致力于做”表 达为 devote ourselves to doing sth.9 to 为介词,后跟 doing,故填 developingo10 .考查名词单复数。句意:我们期待着新的突破,并且我们相信在不久的将来,这些突破就会实现。 根据句子分析可知,we为主语,are looking forward to为谓语,后跟名词作宾语。breakthrough为可数 名词,空前没有冠词a,故要用复数。
7、故填breakthroughs。Passage BPeople use the saying out of this world/ to praise something as exceptional. But, at auction(拍卖)house Sothebys Dubai, officials are using 1 term literally.The company announced this week that it will sell a black diamond 2 they say is believed to have fallen to Earth from ou
8、ter space. That would make it a literal out of this world*1 jewel. It 3 (weigh) 555.55 carats. One carat equals 200 milligrams.The rare stone 4(show) to reporters at Sothebys last Monday. Next month, it will be put up for sale at Sotheby*s in London. Sotheby*s expects the purchase price will reach 5
9、 least $6.8 million.Experts at the National Space Foundation in the United States call black diamonds carbonado diamonds/ On 6(it) website, the science 7(organize) writes that carbonado diamonds form during supernova(超新星)explosions. nBlack diamonds/1 the website says, H8(be) once the size of asteroi
10、ds (小彳亍星)a kilometer or more* across when they first began to hit Earth.Carbonado diamonds are extremely rare and are found 9(nature) only in Brazil and Central Africa. Experts say study of the 0(stone) chemical structure leads them to believe they come from space.解析:11 theo考查冠词。指上句提到的out of this wo
11、rld这个词语。定冠词+名词,指上文提到的人或物。12 that/whicho考查定语从句。去掉they say可以看出定语从句谓语动词为is believed,可知所填词在 定语从句中作主语。因先行词为black diamond,指物,所以用.that/which引导定语从句,并在从句中作 主语。13 weighso考查时态。根据下句equals可知本句也用一般现在时。因主语it是第三人称单数,谓语动 词也相应用第三人称单数形式。14 was showno考查语态。因钻石是“被展示”的,用被动语态;根据时间状语last Monday可知用一般 过去时,所以本空填一般过去时被动语态。15 at
12、o考查介词。at least至少。1.1 tSo考查代词。表示“它的%用物主代词its,指National Space Foundation这个组织的。1.2 rganization0考查词类转换。the science organization科学组织。动词转换为名词作主语。8 .wereo考查时态和主谓一致。根据once(曾经)及后面when引导的时间状语从句可知本句讲的是过 去发生的事,用一般过去时。因主语为Black diamonds,是复数,所以用were。9 .naturallyo考查词类转换。修饰动词are found,用副词作状语。句意:黑钻石极其罕见,只有在巴 西和中非才能天
13、然发现。10 .stone*So考查名词所有格。stone*s chemical structure石头的化学结构。表示“石头的”,用所有格 stone。Passage CWhen the Winter Olympics met Chinese New Year, Beijing made everyones stay in China 36(enjoy)with a wonderful experience of Chinese culture. As the worlds first “dual Olympic city,it 37(pay)attention to the details
14、 in every aspect to support the safe and smooth 38(operate) of the Games whileovercoming the difficulties brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.Beijing was applauded and praised by athletes 39 its excellent venue (场地)services during theGames. One of the greatest is the Big Air Shougang Olympic venue 40 w
15、itnessed the epic victory of18-year-old Chinese freestyle skier Gu Ailing, also 41(know) as Eileen Gu. Eileen spoke 42(high) of this competition venue,43 all other athletes said the Shougang Big Air was the best of its kindthat they had set foot on.The design concept of this platform 44(develop) fro
16、m the traditional painting in Dunhuang, GansuProvince. The Shougang Big Air is the only snow event venue in downtown Beijing, making it the coolest thing for Big Air athletes 45(jump) against the backdrop of coolant towers. Besides, the venue will be a permanentbig air facility, the first of its kin
17、d in the world.解析:36. enjoyable 37. paid 38. operation 39. for 40. that/which 41. known 42. highly 43. and/while 44. develops# developed 45. to jump本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是北京奥运会的场馆,尤其是首钢滑雪大跳台场馆。36 .考查形容词。句意:当冬奥会与中国农历新年相遇时,北京让每个人都在中国偷快地体验了中国 文化。空格处用形容词作宾语补足语,enjoy的形容词形式是enjoyable,故填enjoyable。37 .考查时态。句意:作为世界上
18、首个“双奥之城*北京在克服新冠肺炎疫情带来的困难的同时,高 度重视各方面细节,全力支持奥运会安全顺利举办。根据语境可知,句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过 去时,空格处用过去式paid。故填paid。38 .考查名词。smooth是形容词,修饰名词,根据语境可知,句子表示“北京高度重视各方面细节,全 力支持奥运会安全顺利举办”,空格处意为“运行名词是operation,表“运行”时,operation是不可数名 词,故填 operation。39 .考查介词。句意:北京冬奥会期间出色的场馆服务赢得了运动员们的掌声和称赞。由“itsexceHent venue (场地)services durin
19、g the Games”可知,句子表示“因为出色的场馆服务,北京受到了称赞”,空格 处表示“因为,用介词for,故填for。40 .考查定语从句。句意:其中最棒的场馆之一是首钢滑雪大跳台场馆,见证了 18岁的中国自由式滑 雪运动员谷爱凌,也被称为Eileen Gu的史诗般的胜利。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是定语从句, 从句中缺少主语,先行词Big Air Shougang Olympic venue”是物,因此空格处用关系代词that/which,故 填 that/which。41 .考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,定语从句中谓语是witnessed,空格处用非谓语形式,由固定 短语“be
20、 known as(被称为)”可知,此处省略be,用过去分词作后置定语,故填known。42 .考查副词。句意:谷爱凌高度评价了这个比赛场地,与此同时,所有运动员都说首钢滑雪大跳台 是他们所去过的最好的比赛场地。空格处用副词highly修饰动词spoke, speak highly of是固定短语,意 为“高度评价”,故填highly。43 .考查连词。空后的“all other athletes said the Shougang Big Air was the best of its kind that they had set foot on”和前面的“spoke(high) of th
21、is competition venue”是并列关系,因此用 and,也可用 while 表示“与此同时”,故填and/while。44 .考查时态语态。句意:这个跳台的设计理念来源于甘肃敦煌的传统绘画。develop from从发展 而来,不及物动词短语,因此用主动语态,句子可理解为描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,也可理解为 发生在过去,时态用一般过去时,主语The design concept of this platform”是单数,故填 develops/developed。45.考查不定式。句意:首钢滑雪大跳台是北京市中心唯一的雪赛场馆,对于大跳台运动员来说,在 冷却塔的背景下跳跃是
22、最酷的事情。句中it是形式宾语,空格处用不定式作真正的宾语,故填to jump。Passage DSome people love to read books. They cant get enough of the 36(print) word. Others have a bigappetite for making and eating food. Well, if you are both an 37(enthusiasm) reader and eater, you maywant to take part in an edible book festival,38 you can
23、have your book and eat it, too!In such festivals, people create projects and present 39 to judges. There are two rules: the project mustbe made of food, and it must be based 40 a book. For example, someone might make the chocolate factoryfrom Charlie and the Chocolate Factory with chocolate bars.Som
24、etimes, judges award prizes for the best projects like Best Pun. A pun is a funny play on words that sound similar but have different 41(meaning), like tale and tail. A possible 42(win) for BestPun might show Peter Rabbit, the character from The Tale of Peter Rabbit, with a tail made of marshmallow
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