2019-2020学年陕西省安康市高考高三(上)第一次质检英语试卷(附答案详解).docx
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1、201%2020学年陕西省安康市高考高三(上)第一次质检英语试卷一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共30.0分)AUnsolved Mysteries about the Planet Earth Mystery 1 : Where did water come from?Water covers more than 70 percent of the Earths surface and that makes the Earth earn the nickname nthe blue planetn.Then where did water come from? The most popula
2、r scientific theory states that the H2O came from several violent asteroids(小行星)covered with ice.Another suggests that the water actually has been around since the Earths formation.However it happened,though,its certainly worked out well for the Earth life forms.Mystery 2: What about all the oxygen?
3、Another thing is the planets oxygen.Tiny creatures released oxygen as a waste product,filling the atmosphere with it.After that,the level of oxygen in the Earths atmosphere went wildly up and down until it finally calmed down around 540 million years ago.Since then,its remained at about the breathab
4、le level we know today.But what caused it to be suddenly steady ?Mystery 3: What caused the Cambrian (寒武纪)Explosion?The Cambrian Explosion refers to the explosion of complex life forms that occurred on Earth about 540 million years ago.Before then,life had consisted mostly of microbes.But at the beg
5、inning of the Cambrian period complex creatures began developing at a rate never seen before.Suddenly,life forms had brains,eyes,and bones.Most living creatures today can trace their blood back to the Cambrian period.Mystery 4: Will we be able to predict earthquakes?We still havent been able to come
6、 up with a way to accurately predict earthquakes.We can certainly try,but our current technology cannot predict them exactly.We know that earthquakes start when the rock cracks underground and the enormous energy released in the process causes vibration,which generates earthquake waves,but we havent
7、 figured out why that happens,or how to predict it.1. What was created by creatures on Earth ? A. Water.B. Oxygen.C. Bacterium. D. Ice.2. Which of the following talks about the Earths advanced species? ancestors used to living.Its an area with an amazed history and my parents wanted to find just rig
8、ht village in which they had lived before.There were not any records left, but eventual we found a village unlike the one in our old photos.lt turned out to be right.We went into a cafe but met an oldman who had once lived next to be our old home.We found our old house has been pulled down, but it w
9、as nice to get in touch with the old man who knew nothing about our family history.六、书面表达(本大题共1小题,共25.0分).假定你是李华,你的英国留学生朋友Jason参加了“留学生汉字书法竞赛(Chinese Calligraphy Competition for International Students) ”并取得了 第一名的好成绩,请你给他写一 封邮件,内容包括:L表示祝贺;43 .肯定比赛结果和其付出的努力;44 .提出交流学习书法心得的邀请。注意:1 .写作词数应为100词左右;2 .请按如下格
10、式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear Jason,Yours,Li Hua答案和解析13.【答案】B、C、A【解析】(1) B.细节理解题。根据Mystery 2: What about all the oxygen?部分第一句和第二句 Another thing is the planets oxygen.Tiny creatures released oxygen as a waste product,fling the atmosphere withit.(另一件事是地球上的氧气。微小的生物将氧气作为废物释放出来,充满了空 气)可知,后来地球上的生物创造了氧气。故选B。(2) C.细节理解
11、题。根据 Mystery 3: What caused the Cambrian (寒武纪)Explosion?部分 Before then,life had consisted mostly of microbes.But at the beginning of the Cambrian period complex creatures began developing at a rate never seen before.Suddenly,life forms had brains,eyes,and bones.M ost living creatures today can trace
12、 their blood back to the Cambrian period.*(在此之前,生命主要由 微生物组成。但在寒武纪初期,复杂的生物开始以前所未有的速度发展。突然,生命形式有了大 脑、眼睛和骨头。今天大多数生物的血液可以追溯到寒武纪时期。)可知,Mystery 3是关于地球 高级物种的。故选C。(3) A.推理判断题。根据 Mystery 4: Will we ever be able to predict earthquakes 我们能预测地震吗? 及该部分内容可知,Mystery 4讲的是我们是否能够预测地震,而地震是时常发生的,所以该部分 很有实际指导意义。故选A。本文是一
13、篇说明文,介绍了地球的四个未解之谜。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对 未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事 例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。47.【答案】A、D、C、B【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第一段句子With innovative (创新的)ideas, 10 teams of student groups competed at URs Hull Prize competition on Nov.3 to skip the selection pro
14、cess for the regional competition. (11月3日,10支学生团队以创新的想法参加了阿姆斯特丹大学的霍特奖比赛,从而 跳过了地区比赛的选拔过程。)和第二段 For many competitors, this competition is an outlet for innovative ideas that can speed up change in the world.(对许多参赛者来说,这个比赛是一个创新思 想的出口,可以加速世界的变化。)可知,霍特奖比赛的目的是不要放弃创新的想法,也就是鼓 励学生有创新思想。故选A。(2)细节理解题。根据第一段 The
15、 Hult Prize is an international competition where undergraduate and graduate students alike compete to win a $ 1 million prize to start a company based on their ideas.(霍 特奖是一项国际竞赛,本科生和研究生通过竞争赢得100万美元的奖金,以根据自己的想法创办 公司。)可知,获胜者可以获得公司的启动资金,也就是一笔创业基金。故选D。(3)细节理解题。根据第四段 Although the ruling ideas of the wi
16、nners were mainly meant to provide jobs for unemployed youth, many of the proposed solutions also handled other problems in todays society.(虽然胜利者的执政理念主要是为失业青年提供工作,但许多提出的解决方案也涉及当今社会的 其他问题。)可知,获奖者主要关注的是为失业青年提供就业机会。故选C。(4)细节理解题。根据最后一段Usually some of the most simple and practical solutions are the ones
17、that are the most beautiful and effective, n judge Anna Schreyer said.(通常情况下,一些最简单、最 实用的解决方案也是最漂亮、最有效的,”评委安娜施赖尔说。)可知,法官安娜施雷耶认为简 单实用的想法是最好的。故选B。这是一篇说明文。URs Hult Prize是一个国际性比赛,主要目的是鼓励年轻人创新思想,获奖者可 以获得一笔一百万的奖金,来创办自己的公司,致力于解决青年的就业问题。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对 未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理
18、论,对文章未涉及的现象、事 例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。811 .【答案】C、D、B、A【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据原文第一段最后一句The study examined how language use and development in 2-and 3-year-old children was influenced by what they heard from their teachers and their peers.(这项研究调查了 2-3岁儿童的语言使用和发展是如何受到老师和同龄人的影响的。)可知, 这项研究的主要内容是集体环境下的交
19、流对学龄前儿童的影响。故选Co(2)细节理解题。根据原文第三段第一句Using a device (设备)called a Language Environment Analysis (LENA) recorder, Perry collected hundreds of hours of audio recordings.(佩里使用一种叫 做语言环境分析(LENA)记录仪的设备收集了数百小时的录音。)可知这项研究主要是通过录 下孩子们在课堂上所说的话这一方式进行的。故选D。(3)词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句中的 After studying the audio data, Perry fou
20、nd that the speech children heard from other children was positively related to their own language use (在研究了 音频数据 后,佩里发现,孩子们从其他孩子那里听到的语言与他们自己的语言使用呈正相关)可知孩子们 从其他孩子那里听到的话语与他们自己的语言使用呈正相关。结合第一段第二句中的examined childrens speech communication (检查了孩子的语言交流能力)可知研究主要是关于孩子的语言交 流能力;从同龄人那里听到最多话语的孩子,能学习到的新词更多,也会”说“得
21、更多。A.Listen. 听;B.Speak.说;C.Read.读;D.Write.写。故选 B。(4)推理判断题。根据第四段 Additionally, there was a positive association between a teacher talking and childrens language use and development - but only when that teacher talked to the child in a back-and-forth conversation, rather than just talking to the child
22、 with no opportunity for the child to respond.(此外,教师的交谈与儿童的语言使用和发展之间存在着积极的联系一一但只有当教师与 孩子进行来回交谈时,而不是只与孩子交谈,孩子没有机会回应时才会这样)和最后一段 back-and-forth conversation with the child is very beneficial.We talked to the teachers about the results, and they are very excited about this finding and currently brainsto
23、rming additional opportunities to have conversations with children (与孩子的来回对话是非常有益的。我们与老师讨论了结果,他们对这 一发现非常兴奋,目前正在集思广益,寻找更多与孩子对话的机会)可知,教师应该反复鼓励孩 子多说话来培养孩子的言语能力。故选A。这是一篇说明文。文章指出儿童早期的语言发展对他们将来的读写技能以及社会和情感发展具有 重要的作用。一项研究表明,教室内的语言交流有助于学龄前儿童语言能力的发展。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对 未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断
24、;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事 例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。1215.【答案】D、C、B、A【解析】(1) D.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句But many organisms there produce poisonous chemicals to hunters.(但是那里的许多生物对它们的天敌产生有毒的化学物质)”以及第三段第二 三句中But organisms in the ocean have had to adapt to a tough environment. The chemicals they make for
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