2023届高三英语名校新题专题03（阅读理解之说明文） 期中考试专辑 原卷版.docx

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1、2023届高三英语名校新题快加11月期中考试专辑专题03阅读理解之说明文原卷版北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高三上学期期中英语试题Humans have long gained pleasure from the smells of the natural world. For the most part, though, human beings are not their target market. For plants, fragrances are a way to interact with insects and other animals. Their attraction

2、 for people happens simply by chance.In chemical terms, most natural fragrances are made up of volatiles - so called because of their tendency to change states suddenly. Volatiles evaporate easily, drifting into noses. In plants5 reproductive processes, smelly volatiles attract pollinators （授粉昆虫）.Bu

3、t their natural applications are much more varied. If an insect chews through the leaves of some Bursera plants, out shoots a sticky, smelly liquid to trap it. Coyote tobacco plants are even more crafty: upon sensing the smell of hungry caterpillars, they produce volatiles that attract predators to

4、kill the pests.What is truly amazing is just how wily plants can be in using their scents for reproduction. White flowers often emit their scent at night to attract nocturnal pollinators such as moths. They produce a dilute nectar （稀释的花蜜）that encourages moths to keep moving, rather than linger at a

5、single bloomall the better to increase pollination. Other flowers change their fragrance after being successfully pollinated, as a signal for insects to go elsewhere.But though “Scent is a story of plants cleverness, it is also a tale of the human kind. People have long used fragrances for their own

6、 purposes, particularly for use in religious ceremonies: perfume recipes on the walls of an Egyptian temple in Edfu demonstrate just how long ingredients have been mixed in pursuit of the best blend. So highly prized were some scents that, to scare off competitors, Arab traders spread a legend about

7、 giant eagles that guarded cinnamon.Eventually scientists no longer needed natural sources for fragrances. In 1866 a fragrance molecule was produced for the first time. Sixteen years later, Houbigant Parfum released Fougere Royale, the first modem fantasy perfume that creates an imaginary scent rath

8、er than copying a natural one. Nowadays fragrance-making is dominated by man-made compounds, which can be reliably and affordably produced in large quantities.That has led to the mass production of smelly products, from toilet paper to toothpaste. Scent is accordingly big business. It is said that a

9、 world-famous fragrance and flavour manufacturer that claims people interact with its products up to 30 times a day5 had sales of 3.8bn last year.31. According to Paragraph 1 and 2, which would the author agree with?A. Some plants might kill the pests with their smells.B. Fragrance is a tool for pla

10、nts to protect themselves.the procedure was also personally meaningful for Montgomery, who received a heart transplant in 2018 due to a genetic disease that may also affect members of his family in the future. 6It!s still in the early days, but still the heart seems to be functioning. And that in an

11、d of itself is an extraordinary thing. Up to now most experimental heart transplant procedures have been done between pigs and other animals. This is the first time that surgeons have taken it into a living human.”What do the words a shot in the dark“ underlined in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Something that

12、 costs a fortune.B.Something impossible to succeed.C. Something drawing public attention.D. Something with an uncertain outcome.33 .What is Barkley Griffiths attitude to Bennetts post-operation condition?A.Negative.B.Cautious.C.Optimistic.D.Uncaring.34 .What is the text mainly about?A.The heated deb

13、ate over the pig heart transplant.B. David Bennetts contribution to medical research.C.The first experimental pig heart transplant in the world.D. The first successful pig heart transplant into a living human.35 . In which section of a magazine may this text appear?A.Political Affairs.C.Sci-Tech Fro

14、nt.B.Global Entertainment.D.Financial Window.湖南省顶级名校2023届高三上学期月考试卷In the old days, when you had to drive to a movie theater or, to a video store to get some entertainment, it was easy to see how your actions could have an impact on the environment. You were hopping into your car, driving across town

15、 and coughing out emissions and using gas all the way.But now that were used to staying at home and streaming movies, we might get a little cocky. After all, we are just picking up our phones or maybe turning on the TV. Youre welcome. Mother Nature.Not so fast, says a recent report from the French-b

16、ased Shit Project. Watching a half-hour show would lead to 3. 5 pounds of CO2 emissions. Thats like driving 3.9 miles. According to Climate Crisis: The Unsustainable Use of Online Video，digital technologies are responsible for 4% of greenhouse gas emissions, and that energy use is increasing by 9% a

17、 year. Stored in data centers, videos are transferred to our terminals such as computers, smartphones, etc. via networks. All these processes require electricity whose production consumes resources and usually involves CO2： emissions.In the European Union, the EURECA project lead scientist, Rabih Ba

18、shroush, calculated that 5 billion downloads and streams of the song nDespaciton consumed as much electricity as the countries of Chad, Guinea-Bissau, Somalia, Sierra Leone and the Central African Republic used in a single year.Streaming is only expected to increase as we become more attached to our

19、 devices. Online video use is expected to account for 80% of all internet traffic by 2023 according to CISCO. By then, about 60% of the worlds population will be online.Youre probably not going to give up your streaming services, but there are things you can do to help lessen the impact of your onli

20、ne use. Here are some tips:Disable autopay tor video on social media.Stream over Wi-Fi, not mobile networks.Watch on the smallest screen you can.Dont use high-definition （高清晰度的）video on devices.28. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that people think_ A. they should welcome Mother NatureB. watching

21、 movies at home is more funC.it is inconvenient to drive to a movie theater D. streaming at home avoids possible emissions 29.What can be learned from the text?A. Driving 3.9 miles may produce 3.5 pounds of CO2.B. Digital technologies account for 4% of electricity use.C. Online video use makes up 80

22、% of all internet traffic.D.60% of the world*s population watch videos online.D. . Why arc the five countries mentioned in paragraph 4?A. To praise their energy-efficient practice.B. To prove the poverty of the five countries.C.To stress the popularity of the song Despacito”.D.To show the high energ

23、y use of downloads and streams.31.How can people help to save energy when streaming?A.By using high-definition video.B. By turning off video autopay.C.By streaming over mobile networks.D.By watching movies on bigger screens.湖北省武汉市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中试题Women were less likely than men to support the Vie

24、tnam war, the Gulf war, or the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. They commit far fewer murders. They are less likely to favor strikes. For some scholars, these are grounds for thinking that a world run by women would be more peaceful.But European history suggests otherwise, according to political s

25、cientists Oeindrila Dube and S. P. Harish. They studied how often European rulers went to war between 1480 and 1913, and found that states ruled by queens were 27% more likely to get involved in wars than those ruled by kings.This was not all the queens fault: men, seeing them as soft targets, tende

26、d to attack them. Frederick the Great of Prussia once declared: No woman should ever be allowed to govern anything/6 Shortly after becoming king, he attacked the newly crowned Archduchess of Austria, Maria Theresa, and seized Silesia province. Despite years of war, she never recovered it.But perceiv

27、ed weakness is not the whole story. Queens, the researchers found, were more likely to gain new territory. Catherine the Great expanded her empire by some 200,000 square miles. And married queens were more aggressive than single queens or kings, whether single or married.The authors suggest several

28、reasons for this. First, married queens may have been able to form more military alliances（联盟）,making them confident enough to pick fights. Their husbands had often served in the army before they married, and were well placed to strengthen military ties between their homelands and their wives states

29、.Second unlike most kings, queens often gave their husbands a lot of power,putting them incharge of foreign policy or the economy. During the 1740s, Maria Theresas husband, Francis I, reformed the Austrian economy and raised money for the armed forces while his wife ruled much of central Europe. Pri

30、nce Albert was Queen Victorias most trusted adviser, shaping her foreign policy until his death in 1861. I his division of labor, the authors suggest, freed up time for queens to pursue more aggressive policies.The modern era, too, has witnessed female leaders in wars: Golda Meir and the Yom Kippur

31、war, or Margaret Thatcher and the Falklands. The number of countries led by women has more than doubled since 2000, but there is plenty of room for improvement: the current level of 15 represents less than 10 % of the total. A world in which more women took power might be more equal. Whether it woul

32、d be more peaceful is a different question.12. The underlined perceived weakness” in paragraph 4 means that.A. women were less likely to support warswomen could not recover lost territoryB. women commit far fewer crimeswomen were soft targets13. Why were married queens more likely to gain new territ

33、ory?A. Because their military alliances picked fights for them.B. Because they were ambitious and aggressive by nature.C. Because their husbands were supportive in state governing.D. Because they centralized all power into their own hands.14. What is the purpose of mentioning the two female leaders

34、in the last paragraph?A. To imply there is room for improvement in gender equality.B. To indicate more females become leaders in modern times.C. To illustrate female leaders cannot prevent wars in modern times.D. To suggest female leaders have their share of wars in modern times.15. According to the

35、 passage, we can safely conclude that.A. married women are not fit to govern their states on their ownfemale leaders should be responsible for all wars throughout historyB. the world wouldnt be more peaceful even if more women took powerthe division of labor allows queens to survive economic crisis湖

36、北省八市重点中学202222023学年高三上学期10月联考There goes the proverb, The early bird catches the worm. It has been proven that early bird really does catch the worm, but he saves it for dinner. The Oxford University researchers believe the strategy allows them to stock up on food while it helps avoid falling the vic

37、tims to predators（捕食 者）.A full belly in the morning would slow them down in the hunt for food and make them easy prey. So they search out food when they are lean and light and then dine in the evening to ensure they have a big enough store of fat to survive the night. The early bird“ strategy was re

38、vealed in an experiment in which over 2,000 birds were fitted with tiny radio tags which activated when they landed on feeders hidden in Wytham Woods, near Oxford. The feeders were moved around over the course of the day and the researchers noted when the birds landed on them. Our results show these

39、 birds display very different patterns of food discovery in the morning and afternoon; very few new food sources were found during the afternoon, whereas nearly every new food source we put out during the morning was quickly discovered.This revealed that the birds were much better at finding the fee

40、ders new locations in the morning. However, they waited until the evening to feast on the worms. The researchers said the complex strategy acts as an insurance policy, with birds remaining light yet still able to get enough fat to survive the night. It is particularly important in winter when the ri

41、sks of predation are high and just one day without food can make the difference between life and death for small birds.28. What does the underlined phrase “stock up on” in Paragraph 1 mean?A. store up. B. dispose of. C. throw away. D. eat and digest.29. How did the researchers conduct the experiment

42、?A. By comparing the data collected.B. By referring to the previous research papers.C. By conducting a random survey in the woods.D. By observing the birds habits of catching worms.30. What can we learn from this passage?A. Birds have a better appetite in the morning.B. Birds prefer to hunt for food

43、 in the morning.C. Birds wont hunt for food unless they are hungry.D. Birds hunt as frequently in the morning as in the afternoon.3 l.Why do birds adopt a unique and complex eating habit?A. Because it can help them cope with food shortage.B. Because they do this for security reasons in a sense.C. Be

44、cause they cant eat up all the food they have caught. D. Because there are more worms available in the morning.福建省三明市教研联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期期中联考Calling vegetables and fruits “ugly” can be a recipe fbr sales success, according to a new study.A French supermarket chain made international headlines when i

45、t began marketing misshapen produce as ugly in 2014. Since then, food stores around the world have launched campaigns to sell imperfect produce”. Some have been successful, while others havent - but until now, researchers hadnt adequately explained why consumers rejected imperfect produce, or what m

46、arketing approach was most likely to whet their appetites.The researchers conducted seven studies that tested the effects of “ugly” labeling by having participants purchase produce at a farmers market and online, and by examining peoples impressions about misshapen foods. Interestingly, they found t

47、hat consumers expected the imperfect produce to be less tasty and even less nutritious than more traditionally attractive foods.But its not all bad news for unattractive foods. The researchers also found that when the produce is labeled “ugly”, consumer hesitancy disappears and its not because of hu

48、mor or originality. Calling items “ugly signals to consumers that the only difference between items is appearance, which makes them aware of their bias （偏见）and significantly increases their willingness to buy the less attractive produce.“Were pointing to the source of the rejection J explains John M

49、eredith, the lead researcher. It makes people aware of the limited nature of their objection to the unattractive produce and makes it clear to consumers that there are no other problems in the produce other than attractivenessThe research also found consumers spent more on the misshapen produce labeled “ugly” instead of imperfect.