1八年级英语上册复习资料(2).docx

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1、Unitl Where did you go on vacation?Activities：（写出动词过去式） go on vacation 去度假 be on vacation 度假 stay at home 待在家里 go to the mountains 去爬山go to the beach去海滩 visit museums参观博物馆go to summer camp去参观夏令营quite a few相当多 study for为而学习go out出去most of the time大部分时间taste good尝起来很好吃 have a good time玩得高兴of course当然f

2、eel like 给的感觉;感受到 feel like doing sthgo shopping 去购物 in the past 在过去 walk around 四处走走 because of 因为one bowl of. 一碗 the next day 第二天 drink tea 喝茶 find out 找出；查明 go on 继续take photos 照相take photos 照相something important 重要的事 up and down 上上 卜下 come up 出来不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none,

3、little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等，以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即 somebody, anyone, nothing等)。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词none以及由some, any, no和every构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而no和every则只用作定语。复合不定代词：由some, any, no, every加上-body,-one

4、,-thing构成的不定代词，叫做复合不定代词。somebody = someone 某人anybody = anyone 任何人nobody = no one没有人，不重要的人 everybody = everyone每人，人人，所有人 词组：for nothing（徒劳，没有好结果, Its nothing.（不用谢，不必在意）something某物,某事anything什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物nothing没有东西，什么也没有;不重要的人或事 everything每一个事物，一切免费），nothing but（仅仅，只不过）， anybody else（别人）（1）复合不定代词只

5、相当于名词，在句子中作主语、宾语和表语，而不能作定语。Everything is made of elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。（作主语）I have nothing to say toady.我今天没什么可讲的。（作宾语）Thaf s nothing.没什么。（作表语）（2）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（3）代替与-thing构成的复合不定代词，用it；代替与-body, -one构成的复合不定代词，一般用they, 在正式文体中可用he。如：Everyone knows what they have to do, dont they ?Everyone knows what he

6、 has to do, doesnt he ?每个人都知道他必须做什么，不是吗？（2） something和anything的区别与some和any的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定 句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。1 have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。（肯定句）Someone is asking to see you.有人要见你。（肯定句）Has anything happened ?出什么事了吗？（疑问句）We cant decide anything now.我们现在不能作什么决定。（否定句）If you want

7、 anything, call me.你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。（条件状语从句）（3）复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，形容词或不定式等其他定语则须放在它们的后面。There is nothing wrong with the machine,这机器没出什么毛病。（形容词）This is something special,这是种特别的东西。（形容词）Is there anything important in todays newspaper?今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗？（形容词）Do you want anything to drink ?你想喝点什么吗？If there is anythi

8、ng I can do for you , please tell me.如果有什么我能帮你的，请告诉我。否定句： 主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 I m not going to see my friends this weekend. 一般疑问句：Be +主语+ going to +动词原形+其他肯定回答：Yes,主语+ be.否定回答：No,主语+ be not.Are you going to see your friends this weekend? Yes , I am. / No, I, m not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be +主语+ goi

9、ng to +动词原形+其他？What is he going to do this weekend? When are you going to see your friends?2）如果表示计划去某地，可直接用be going to +地点We are going to Beijing for a holiday.3）表示位置移动的动词，如go , come, leave等常用进行时表示将来。The bus is coming.My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.4） be going to 与 will 的区别： 对未来事情的预测用“ wil

10、l+动词原形”表达，will没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在will后 面加not,也可用will后面加not,或者缩略式won，t,变一般疑问句将will提至 句首。Will planes be large in the future?Yes, they will. / No, they won t.will常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而be going to指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就 要发生。I believe Lucy will be a great doctor. 陈述将来的某个事实用will.I will ten years old next year.表示现在巨大将来

11、要做的事情用will.I m tired I will go to bed. 表示意愿用 will. I 11 tell you the truth. 表示计划、打算要做的事情用be going to,而不用will.I m going to buy a computer this month.Let s discuss the plan, shall we? Not now. I to an interview.D. was goingA. goB. wentC. am goingJack is busy packing luggage.Yes. He for America on vaca

12、tion.A. leavesB. leftC. is leavingD. has been away短语：on computersUnit 7 Willon paperbe in dangeron the earthlive on a space station look for huandreds ofthe same-aswake up look like 二 be like 像people have robots?live to be 200 years old free time play a part in sth/doing sthcomputer programmer in th

13、e futureover and over againget boredfall down用法：will +动词原形将要做用法：will +动词原形将要做have to do sth不得不做某事fewer/more +可数名词复数 更少/更多fewer/more +可数名词复数 更少/更多less/more +不可数名词 更少/更多agree with sb. disagree with sb. such +名词(词组) make sb do sth make sb +adj.agree with sb. disagree with sb. such +名词(词组) make sb do st

14、h make sb +adj.同意某人的意见不同意某人的意见如此让某人做某事让某人怎么样try to do sth.尽力做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事play a part in doing sth 参与做某事 help sb with sth帮助某人做某事 help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事make sb. sth.make sb. sth.make me a better person使我成为更好的人There will be +主语+其他 将会有.There is/are + sb. + doing sth 有正在做It is +形容词+ for sb +

15、 to do sth做某事对某人来说的词语辨析： 1. every与each的区别：every用来表整体，each用来表个别。each最低需是两，every最低需是三。every adj.every作主用单数，each可单也可复，作主、作定用单数，其他情况用复数。each adj. / pron.Every teacher knows her.There are lots of trees on each side of the road.Each of the road has a dictionary.2. on the earth在地球上，作地点状语，位于句首或句末。on earth究竟

16、，到底。用于疑问句或副 词后，加强语气。All the living things on the earth depend on the sun. / What on earth do you mean?3. human,指包括男人女人孩子的“人，人类”，有别于动物，自然景物，机器等的特殊群体，也可指 具体的人。person,无性别之分，常用于数目不太大，而且数目比较精确的场合。people,泛指“人们”，表示复数概念。man,前不带冠词而且单独使用时，指“男人”，a man可指“一个人/ 一个男人”，复数形式为men.He was the only human on the island.T

17、here are only three persons in the room.There are many people there.Man is stronger than woman.4. seem连系动词，好像，似乎，看来。有下面几种用法：seem + 名词 看起来。He seems a nice man.seem like 好像， 似乎。 It seemed like a good idea at the time.seem to do sth,似乎/看起来/好像做某事。Iseem to have left my book at home.It seems/seemed that看起

18、来好像，似乎.He was very happy.seem to be + 形容词/名词 = seem + 形容词/名词。She seems to be happy. = She seems happy.5. probably ad. maybe相当于perhaps.也许，大概，可能。作状语.probably用于句中,可能性最大。He will probably come tomorrow.maybe/perhaps 用于句首。 Maybe/Perhaps you are right.1. during / for / in介词，在期间。说到某事是在某一段时间之间发生的用during;说到某事

19、 持续多久则用for;说到某事具体发生的时间用in.We visited many places of interest during the summer holiday.I ve been here for two weeks.They usually leave school in July.一般将来时结构：肯定式：主语+ will/shall +动词原形+其他will用于各种人称，shall用于第一人称。主语+ be going to +动词原形+其他be随人称、数和时间的变化而变换。否定式： 在 will/shall/be 后面加 not. will not = won t .一般疑

20、问句：will/shall/be提到主语前面。There be句型的一般将来时：There will be +主语+其他,意为：将会有。一般疑问句形式为：Will there be +主语+其他。 肯定回答是：Yes, there will.否定回答是：No, there won t.否定形式是：There won t be +主语+其他，将不会有特殊疑问句是：疑问词/词组+ 一般疑问句？When will there be a nice basketball match?Traveling to space is no longer just a dream. Russia the firs

21、t hotel in space in the nearfuture. A. builds B. will build C. built D. has builtThere a football match on CCTV-5 at nine tomorrow evening.A. will have B. is going to be C . is havingIn 50 years there more robots in people s homes.A. wereB. will have C. will beD. have-Will people live to be 300 year

22、s old? .A. No, they aren, t B. No, they won tC. No, they don t D. No, they can t. Theyany classes next week. A. will have B. won t haveC. have D. hadUnit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?短语：milk shaketurn onpour intoSounds like a good idea/plan. on Saturday thing=another thing a piece of bread

23、at this a few/ few (几乎没有)fill*with*a cup of yogurtcut upput intotimecoverwithone by oneone morea long time短语用法：How many +可数名词复数want + to do sth.There are many reasons for need + to do sth. make + First ,Next Then Finally* 句型：Turn on the blender. How many bananas do we need? Now, it s time to enjoy t

24、he 语法：主谓一致判断法：How much forget + to+不可数名词 do sth.宾语rice一段时间+ago+形容词let sb. + do sth.how + to do sth. by + doing sth.It s time(for sb) + to do sthHow do you make a banana milk shake?How much yogurt do we need?noodles!Come in!make tea 沏茶make trouble 惹麻烦make money 赚钱make a visit 拜访make a living 谋生make a

25、 decision 做决定make a mistake 犯借误make sure 务必make a telephone call 打电话make a noise 弄出噪音.不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。1 .动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。2 . eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also. .连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词与 邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。3 .在here, there开头的倒装句中，谓语动词与后面的名词在数上保持一致。词语辨析：1. turn on打开，接通（电源，气，水），反义词是turn off. tur

26、n up/turn down调高/低音量。2. pourinto将倒入/灌入 into是：进入 in是：在内。在put, throw, break, lay, fall等动词之后，既可用in,也可用into。但in可作副词，into不能。He put all the books in/into the bag.3. 有关make的短语：make the bed 铺床4. one more thing = another one thing5. fill with 用填充be filled with基数词+ more +名词=another +基数词+名词 =be full of 充满.The

27、boy filled the bottle with sand. / The bag was full of clothes.6. coverwith 用把覆盖be covered with被所覆盖。cover n.封面，盖子。Ann covered her face with her hands. / The cover of the magazine is nice.7. It s time (for sb) to do sth. 到某人做某事的时候了。It s time for sth. 到做某事的时候了。Unit 9 Can youcome to my party?短语：on Satu

28、rday afternoonhave toprepare for an examgo to the doctor/dentisthave the flu help my parents come to the party meetmy friend go to the partytoo much homeworkgo to the movies another time last fall hang out after school on the weekendstudy for a testvisit grandparentsthe day before yesterdaythe day a

29、fter tomorrow look afterhave a piano lesson accept an invitationturn down an invitationtake a trip at thelook forward to doingend of this month at the beginning of this monthsth.too much homework reply in writing 短语用法： invite sb. to do help sb. (to) dogo to 书面回复the opening of the concertgo shopping

30、not*untilreply to sth/sb.回复sth. sthWhat+ a/an +形容词+可数名词单数（+主语+be sad to do sth. the best way to do What s today?句型：Can you comesth.to myWhat +形容词+名词复数/不可数名词(+主语 see sb to do sth / see sb doing sth have a surprise party for sb谓语）！+谓语）！Whatpartys the date today?on Saturday afternoon?What day is ittoda

31、y?Sure, I d love to. / Sorry,I can, t. I have to prepare for an exam.1. prepare意为“准备。强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可 接不定式。prepare for sth.为准备好。for的宾语不是动作的承受者，而是表示准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。/ prepare to do sth准备做某事。prepare强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。get/be ready意为“准备好”，强调准备的结果。常见结构有：be ready（for st

32、h. XDget sth. readybe ready（for sth）be get ready to do（准备干某事，乐于干某事）We the mid-term examination.Miss Li said, Everyone should before class.2. have the flu 患感冒 have a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽 have a fever 发烧 have a sore throat 喉咙痛 have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛hang out常去某处，泡在某处hang on紧紧抓住hang a

33、bout闲荡hang up挂电话，悬挂，挂起catch you = bye bye catch a cold 感冒 catch sbs eye 弓| 起某人注意 catch the train 赶上火 车catch up with 赶上，跟上 catch hold of 抓住accept接受,反义词为：refuse0 accept指主观上愿意接受，receive收到，指客观上收到或拿到，但主观上不一定会接受。I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn9t like to accept it.1. turn down = refuse 拒绝 turn

34、up 放大，调高 turn over 翻身 take turns 依次，轮流help sb.(to) do sth帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth 在某方面帮助人 help oneself to sth 随便吃2. at the end of 在末尾，在尽头， by the end of 到末为止 in the end of 终于surprised形容词，感到意外的，主语是人be surprised to do sth对做某事感到意外surprising形容词，令人惊讶的，主语是物 The news was surpring.surprise名词，惊奇、惊讶to one9s

35、surprise动词，使惊奇，使感到意外It surprise sb to do sth.3. look forward to期待，盼望，t。是介词，后跟名词，代词或动名词作宾语。hear from sb,收到某人的来信 =receive a letter from sb.hear of = hear about 听说make it 在约定的时间内到达，能够来=arrive in time; Glad you could make it.商量确定的时间，表示将来某项计划的安排，后接时间状语。Lets make it at seven oclock on Tuesday.成功办成某事 =succ

36、eed After years of hard work, he finally made it.4. reply回答，指用口头或书面形式回答，不及物动词reply to sb/sth.对.作出回答。作及物动词，意为回答，回答说。作名词，意为：答道，回信，答复，后跟介词to.answer是最普通的用语，包括口头，书面或行动的回答，可作及物和不及物动词。Unit 10 If you go to the party, youll have a great time!短语：go to the party have a great /good timestay at home take the bus

37、tomorrownight have a class partyhave a class meetinghalf the classmake some foodat the partyorder foodpotato chipsbe angry with sb. give sb some advicetravel around the world go to collegemake (a lot of) money get an education work harda soccer playerkeep.to oneselftalk to sb.in life in the end be a

38、ngry at/about sth run away the first step in halfsolve习惯用法：ask sb. to do sthgive sb sth.be afraid to do sth. advise sb to do sthneed to do sth语法：I think ril take the bus to the party.What will happen if they have the party today?Should we ask people to bring food? If we ask chocolate.make mistakesin

39、 the futureproblemschool clean-uptell sb. to do sth its too.to do sthIts best (not)to do sth.If you do, youll be late.If they have it today, half the class wont come, people to bring food, theyll just bring potato chips and除与-thing构成的复合不定代词外，即everyone、everybody、someone, somebody都有所有 格形式;当其后有 else 时，

40、s 要加在 else 后面。如：That must be somebody elses coat; it isnt mine.那一定是别人的外衣，不是我的。()everyone=everybodyz anyone=anybodyz 只指人，不能与 of 短语连用；every one, any one可指人也可指物，一定要与of连用才可以。如：Is anybody here?有人吗？You can take any one of these.你可以随便拿一个。与some-, any-构成的复合不定代词的用法与some, any的用法相同。与any构成的复合不定代 词一般用于否定句或疑问句中，no

41、t.any构成完全否定，但没有any-not的说法；与some-构成 的复合不定代词用于肯定句、预料作肯定回答的疑问句、建议或请求的疑问句中【巧记复合代词分合】：分合皆能单独用，后加of合不成。【巧学不定代词】：不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏；单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一样。buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物taste + adj.尝起来.look+adj.看起来smell闻起来sound听起来feel感觉起来taste delicious.look beautiful.smell terrible . sound wonderful. feel com

42、fortable /tired / bored/nothingbut+动词原形除了之外什么都没有seem+ (to be) + adj. 看起来No one seemed to be bored.seem to do sth.arrive in+大地点/ arrive at+小地点到达某地decide to do sth.决定去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事/ try to do sth.尽力去做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某

43、事want to do sth.想去做某事start doing sth.开始做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事stop to do Sth.停下来去做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事 keep on doing sth.反复做某事有小停歇Why not do. sth.?为什么不做呢？so+adj.+that+从句如此以至于it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth对某人来说做怎么样tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事ask sb. (not) to do sth.要求某人(不要)做某事want sb. (n

44、ot) to do sth.想要某人(不要)做某事1. .anywhere与somewhere 两者都是anywhere 在任何地方， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。lean t find it anywhere.somewhere 在某处，至煤处，常用于肯定句。I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem + 形容词 看起来.You seem happy today.seem + to do sth.似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a coldI seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像；彳以乎. It seems that no o

45、ne believe you.seem like .好像，似乎.It seems like a god idea.3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth.开始， 可与 begin 互换 。He started doing his homework.但以下几种情况不能用begin .1)仓办，开办： He started a new bilks

46、hop last month.2)机器开动：lean t start my car.3)出发，动身：I w川 start tomorrow morning.5. over介词，多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）=more thanMy father is over 40 years old.在之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与under相反。There is a map over the blackboard.超过：I hear the news over the radio.遍及：I want to travel all over the world.6. too many 太多,后接可数名词复

47、数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。We have too much work to do. DonJt talk too much.Much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。The hat is much too big for me.Youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀：too much, much too,用法区别看后头：much后接不可数，too后修饰形或副。 too many要记住，后面名词必复数。7. because of介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。He canJt take a walk because of the rain.because连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。I dont buy the shirt because it