备考2023年高考二轮英语复习讲练专题 11形容词和副词.docx

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1、专题11形容词和副词备考2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测一一讲练目录一命题解读二命题预测三主要考点四 形容词的用法五 副词的用法六 形容词和副词的级别用法和变化规则七 形容词和副词的常考句式八 形容词和副词的变化规则及易混点九 即时练一练【命题解读】通过研究历年高考真题不难看出，形容词和副词是高考中的必考点。完形填空主要考察形容 词和副词词义辨析；语法填空中对代词的考查以有提示词形式呈现；短文改错中考查名词， 形容词，副词之间的变化规律和级别变化。今年更突出特定语境中的逻辑意思。【命题预测】预计2023年高考对形容词和副词的考查会更加灵活，以语法填空、短文改错兼顾完形填空的 语篇辨析。命题者会

2、更加注重学生们在特定语言环境中对代词的把握。【主要热点】1 .形容词和副词的意思和句法功能；2 .名词变形容词，形容词变副词的变化规律3 .原级、比较级、最高级的使用；4 .倍数的表达法；5 .常见形容词、副词的惯用法。(1)A is +倍数+比较级+ than + B(2)A is + 倍数 + as + 原级 + as + B(3)A is + 倍数 + the + 名词(size, length, height 等)+ of + B(4)The + 名词(size, length, height 等)+ of + A is + 倍数 + that + of + B(5)A is +倍数+

3、 what引导的名词性从句注意修饰形容词/副词比较级的词有：rather, much, still, even, far, by far (后置), a lot, a little, a great deal, a bit 等。The students study even harder than before.学生们甚至比以前学习更努力了。The book is better by far than that one.这本书比那本书要好得多。单句写作越忙，他就感觉越快乐。he is,he feels.这两个男孩子谁年长些？Who istwo boys?我从没看过比这部更好的电影。Fvefil

4、m than this one.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。The production is nowten years ago.答案： The busier; the happier the older of the never seen a better three times what it was考点六 形容词+心构成副词的规则情况构成例词一般情况加-lyquick-quickly, brave-bravely, immediate-immediately以辅音字母+ -y结尾将y改为i再加-lyeasy-easily, happy-happily, heavy-heavily, bus

5、y-busily以-le结尾去e加-ysimple-simply,gentle-gently以兀音字母+ -e结尾去e加-lytruetruly以-11结尾只加-yfull一fully, dull-dully以未结尾加-allybasic-basically, scientificscientifically注意(1)注意以下形容词变副词的拼写whole一wholly 完全地drydryly/drily 冷淡地(2)注意以心结尾的形容词friendly友好的lively精力充沛的deadly致命的yearly每年的weekly每周的三、几组易混副词的区别shy一shyly害羞地 good一we

6、ll 好地lovely可爱的 lonely孤独的 monthly每月的 daily每日的1 .表原意(无iy)和抽象概念(有iy)的副词deep深地；在深处deeply深深地；深刻地wide广阔地；充分地 widely广泛地high高；向高处highly很，非常；非常赞许地；高度地Jclose挨着；接近closely密切地2 .有无心意义大不相同的副词dead完全地，全然地be dead asleep deadly非常be deadly tiredhard 努力地work hardhardly 几乎不He has hardly eat anything.pretty相当be pretty ce

7、rtain that. prettily漂亮地be prettily dressedlate晚, 迟arrive late, come latelately最近; 近来I havent seen him lately.I.用所给词的适当形式填空1. (2022 年新高考 I 卷)The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and(eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the

8、 wild.2. (2022 年全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more (meaning).3. (2022 年全国甲卷).and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africas(high) mountain.4. (2022 年全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the(large) tea-producing country, Chin

9、a has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.5. (2022 年全国乙卷)It can help to build a community with a (share) future for mankind/ he said.给6. (2022 年浙江卷 1 月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example,(rough) 200 academics - many of

10、 them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.7. The articles are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site(suit) for them as well.8. Almost all the fables he wrote are(humor) and entertaining, appealing to people of all

11、 ages.1.1 knew it was going to be hard to find another job in the(competition) working market.10 .Learning signals of respect in various (culture) backgrounds can help you avoid misunderstanding.11 .Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be(equal) respected.12 .The numbers are(par

12、ticular) high in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou.13 .The more he talked, the(angry) he became.14 .This film is(interest) than any other one that I have ever seen.15 .He was advised to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink(little) beer.16 .There have been some problems but(basic) its a good system.17 .Lan

13、ding on the moons far side is (extreme) challenging.18 .According to Professor Johnson, we dont have to read the book if we dont want to, as it is (option).19.In the 18th and 19th centuries, (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.2O.As the small boat move

14、d, (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.【答案】1 .eventually 2.meaningful 3.highest 4.largest 5. shared 6.roughly 7.suitable 8.humorous petitive lO.cultural 11.equally 12.particularly13. angrier 14.moreinteresting 15.less 16.basically 17

15、.extremely 18.optional 19. wealthy20.gentlyn.语篇填空L (广东省广州市越秀区2022-2023学年高三10月阶段测试)Chongqing 36(battle) wildfires caused by extreme heat waves in recent days. Peoplefrom all walks of life have 37(voluntary) engaged in jointly putting out the blazes, displaying extraordinary heroism. Here are some of

16、the memorable moments in the citys fight against the fires.On the evening of Thursday, as firefighters battled the blazes at the Jinyun Mountains of the citys Beibei district, a spectacular sight captured the heart of many peoplea stream of headlights 38(wear) by fire and rescue workers lit up the d

17、ark mountain paths, posing a sharp contrast with the red flames raging on the mountain.Long Jie, a man in his early 20s, is one of the members of an “army of motorcyclist 39 rushed forth and back on the mountains,40(transport) much-needed suppliesto the firefighting frontlines. Long joined the volun

18、teer group on Aug 22 after fires broke out. In a video clip circulating online, an exhausted Long 41(see) pouring water down over hishead to stay awake. We will not withdraw until we put out the fire J Long said.42 wildfires threatened parts of Chongqing,the local governments issued a call forvolunt

19、eers with certain skills. After learning the news, Philip,43 42-year-old Americanteacher at the citys Southwest University, answered the call immediately. His job was to use chain saws to cut wood to create fire 44(barrier) on the mountain. I was happy to help J Philipsaid, “Both my wife and childre

20、n live in this city. It is my duty to do my part in safeguarding our home.”Thanks 45 the joint efforts of fire and rescue workers, as well as volunteers andresidents, the heat-related fires in the city has been under control so far.【答案】36 . has battled 37 . voluntarily 38 . worn 39 . who#that 40 . t

21、ransporting 41 . was seen 42 . As 43 . a 44 . barriers 45 . to【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了消防和救援人员、志愿者对抗重庆野火的场面。 36 .考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近日，重庆一直在抗击由极端热浪引发的野火。分析 句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语，所以battle应该用做谓语，根据时间状语in recent days可知， 应该用现在完成时，主语是Chongqing,为第三人称单数。故填has battled。37 .考查副词。句意：社会各界自觉参与联合灭火，表现出非凡的英雄主义精神。分析句子 结构可知，空处修饰空后的动词

22、engaged,应填副词，voluntary的副词是voluntarily0故填 voluntarily o38 .考查非谓语动词。句意：周四晚上，当消防队员在重庆市北培区的云山与大火搏斗时,一个壮观的景象吸引了很多人的心消防和救援人员戴着的车灯照亮了黑暗的山路，与山 上熊熊燃烧的红色火焰形成了鲜明的对比。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词captured, 所以wear应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是headlights,两者间是被动关系，所以应该用 过去分词表被动。故填worn。39 .考查定语从句关系词。句意：龙杰，一个20出头的男人，是“摩托车军”的一员，他们在 山上来回穿梭，把急需的

23、物资运送到消防前线。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是定语从句， 从句缺少主语，应该用关系代词，先行词是army of motorcyclist,指人，应用who/that引导从 句。故填 who/thato40 .考查非谓语动词。句意：龙杰，一个20出头的男人，是“摩托车军”的一员，他们在山上 来回穿梭，把急需的物资运送到消防前线。分析句子结构分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语 动词rushed,所以transport应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是Long Jie,两者间是主动关 系，所以应该用现在分词做状语。故填transporting。41 .考查动词时态和语态。句意：在网上流传的一段视频中，

24、可以看到精疲力竭的龙向自己 的头上泼水以保持清醒。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语，所以see应该用做谓语，主语 是Long,为第三人称单数且两者间是被动关系，根据上文可知，描述的是过去的事，所以应 该用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was seen。42 .考查连词。句意：随着山火威胁到重庆部分地区，当地政府号召招募具备一定技能的志 愿者。分析句子结构可知，空处应填连词，根据句意“随着”可知，应用as引导从句，位于句 首，首字母应大写。故填As。43 .考查冠词。句意：得知这一消息后，42岁的美国西南大学教师菲利普(Philip)立即接听了 电话。分析句子结构可知，此处表示的是“一个42岁的美国教

25、师”，空处应填不定冠词，42 是辅音音素开头，用a。故填a。44 .考查名词。句意：他的工作是用链锯切割木材，在山上建立防火屏障。barrier意为“屏障”， 为可数名词，结合语境，防火屏障不止一处，应该用复数形式。故填barriers。45 .考查介词。句意：在消防和救援人员、志愿者和居民的共同努力下，目前该市与高温有 关的火灾已得到控制。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配thanks to意为“幸亏”。故填t。46 (广东省深圳市福田区外国语高级中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次调研)In a classroom in rural Kenyas Rift Valley, a stu

26、dent 36(take) notes alongside herclassmates is impressive. She wears the same school uniform a grey skirt and a green sweater.37, there is one difference. Priscilla Sitienei is more than 80 years older than them.Sitienei turned 99 years old on February 11. She said she went back to class to set a go

27、od example fbr her great 38(grandchild). She also wanted a new career. I would like tobecome a doctor because 1 used to be a midwife (助产士)J she said. She added that her family members were 39(support) of her decision.Back in 2003, the government of the East African country began helping to pay for t

28、he cost of primary schooling. This has allowed some older members of society,40 had missed outon education in their younger days,41(go) back to school.This has given Sitienei more 42 an education. She has also become a film star. Sitienei travelled to Paris last year for the launch of a film about h

29、er journey. It 43(title)Gogo, which means grandmother in her native Kalenjin language.Sitienei is in her 44(five) year of primary school. She enjoys other school activities,physical education classes 45(include).【答案】36 . taking 37 . However 38 . grandchi 1 dren#grandchi 1 d 39 . supportive#supporter

30、s 40 .who 41 . to go 42 . than 43 . is titled 44 . fifth 45 . included【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了 99岁高龄的Priscilla Sitienei仍然在教室里和其他学生 一起学习的故事。36 .考查非谓语动词。句意：在肯尼亚大裂谷乡村的一间教室里，一名和她的同学一起做笔 记学生令人印象深刻。(take) notes alongside her classmates”作后置定语，修饰名词a student。动词take notes和其逻辑主语a student之间是主动关系，应该用现在分词。故填taking。 37 .

31、考查副词。句意：她穿着同样的校服灰色的裙子和绿色的毛衣。然而有一点不同。 Priscilla Sitienei比他们年长80多岁。根据句意，上一句讲“the same,下句讲one difference”， 上下文有转折关系，且该空以逗号和句子主干隔开，应用表转折的连接副词however ；句首 单词首字母大写。故填However。38 .考查名词。句意：她说，她回到课堂是为了给她的曾孙们树立一个好榜样。grandchild是 可数名词。上下文中并没有提到她有几个曾孙，可能一个，也可能不止一个。因此该处既可 以用复数名词，也可用单数名词。故填grandchildren/grandchild。3

32、9 .考查形容词。句意：她补充说，她的家人都支持她的决定。该空在从句中作表语。表示“支 持的”，因此可以用形容词supportiveo也可以指“支持者”，因此也可用名词supporter作表语, 家人不止一个，应用复数形式supporters。故填supportive/supporters。40 .考查定语从句。句意：这使得一些年轻时错过教育机会的社会老年成员能够重返学校。“had missed out on education in their younger days”是定语从句，修饰先行词 some older members,指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应该用关系代词who引

33、导从句。故填 whoo41 .考查非谓语动词。句意：这使得一些年轻时错过教育机会的社会老年成员能够重返学校。 allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事，使得某人可能做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语。故 填 to goo42 .考查介词。句意：这给Sitienei带来的不仅仅是教育。more than是固定短语，意为“比 更多，超过,不仅仅。故填than。43 .考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它被称为Gogo,在卡伦津语中是祖母的意思。该空 在句中作谓语。title作动词，意为“把称为；给加标题”。it指的是上一句中的a film。a film和title之间是被动关系。该句

34、是对这部电影名称的介绍，应该用一般现在时态。且主 语为it,根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填is titled。44 .考查数词。句意：Sitienei在读小学五年级。表示“小学的第五年”,应用序数词fifth。故 填 fifth o45 .考查非谓语动词。句意：她喜欢学校的其他活动，包括体育课。“physical education classes (include)”是独立主格结构。非谓语动词include(包括)与其逻辑主语physical education classes之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动。故填included。考点一形容词的基本用法somet

35、hing dangerous,形容词作定语一般情况下，形容词作定语时，放在被修饰词之前。It didn*t make use of long muscles we used to throw a baseball, and it wasnt a smooth operation like ice-skating.它并没有利用我们投掷棒球时使用的长肌，也不像滑冰那样平稳运转。但在下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词后面。修饰 some,any,every,no-和-body,thing,one 等构成的nobody absent, everything possible复合不定代词时以-able,-

36、ible结尾的形容词nJ置于有最高级或only修 饰的名词之后the best book available,the only solutionpossiblealive,alike9awake9aware,asleep, alone 等可以后置the only person awake和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters longand/or连接的并列形容词成对使用时要后置a huge room simple and beautiful形容词短语一般后置(多由“形容词+介词短语/不定式短语”构成)a man difHcult to get on with, a boy

37、 good at sports形容词作表语通常情况下，在系动词之后用形容词作表语，系动词有以下几种：状态系动词:be(is/am/are/was/were)变化系动词：become, get, turn, grow, go, come, fall持续系动词：keep, remain, stay, lie, stand感官系动词：look, smell, taste, feel, sound终止系动词：prove, turn out表象系动词：seem, appearThe boy fell ill last night.昨晚那个男孩病倒了。Our country becomes stronge

38、r and stronger.我们国家变得越来越强大。形容词作宾补形容词作宾语补足语时，可以表示宾语的性质、状态，也可以表示某一动作的结果。0?lcasc keep the classroom clean and tidy.请保持教室干净、整洁。Vho left the door open?谁没有关门？ think it very interesting.我认为它很有趣。(4)形容词作状语形容词用作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。这类结构通常可用从句或并列句来改写。Ie returned from war, safe and sound.他安然无恙地从战争中归

39、来。e came over, eager to help.一He came over and (he) was eager to help.他走过来，急于想帮忙。注意of +抽象名词=抽象名词对应的形容词,如of importance = importanto考点二副词的基本语法功能(1)副词作状语副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者修饰整个句子。His speech directly affected the strike.（修饰动词）他的演讲直接影响了罢工。He is very diligent修饰形容词)他非常勤奋。You can find books on that subjec

40、t quite easily.（修饰副词）你能很容易地找到关于那个科目的书。Luckily she was in when I called.（修饰句子）幸运的是，当我打电话的时候她在家。注意（1）形容词与副词作状语时的区别形容词作状语时，表示状态或结果；而副词作状语时，表示方式。After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。有些副词置于句首，可修饰全句，作评注性状语。Luckily, her stepmother was kind to her

41、.幸运的是，她的继母对她很好。（2）副词修饰整个句子时，有两种常见的情况表示逻辑连接关系。常见的此类副词有therefore, however, otherwise, furthermore, nevertheless 等。Therefore, we have to come here again tomorrow.因此，我们明天还得来这儿一趟。表示评述或说话人的态度。常见的此类副词有importantly, luckily, fortunately, unfortunately, strangely 等。Unfortunately, he failed again.不幸的是，他又失败了。（3

42、）频率副词及enough作状语的位置频率副词常放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。I have never seen him before.我以前从未见过他。（never放在助动词have之后）He usually reads books.他经常读书。（usually放在行为动词reads之前）enough放在所修饰的形容词或副词的后面。He isnt old enough to join the army.他还不到参军的年龄。(enough修饰形容词old,放在。Id之后)(2)副词作表语表示位置的副词(above, across, inside, upstairs等)作表语时

43、说明主语的状态或特征；表示动作方向的副词(up, down, on, in, off, out等)作表语时含有动作意义。 Isnt he up yet?他还没起床吗?Im sorry but he is not in. 对不起，他不在家。即时练 单句语法填空A career in law is becoming increasingly(attract) to young people.The book provides(value) information on recent trends.Pm(true) sorry that things had to end like this.We

44、are all(entire) responsible for our actions.答案：attractive valuable truly entirely1.形容词和副词原级的用法A + 谓语 + as + adj.ladv. + as BA + 谓语 + as + adj. + an + .单数 + as + B 、A +谓语+ as + adj. + .复数/不可数+ as + B类似用法的词:too + adj, + a(n) + 儿(单数)what + a(n) + adj. + 儿(单数)+ 主 + 谓what + adj. +儿(复数)/不可数+主+谓 how + adj.

45、 +儿(单数)+主+谓 how + adj.ladv. + 主 + 谓 so + adj J adv. + .so + adj. + a(n) + 儿(单数)such+时.+九(复数)/不可数(若.为表示多或 少的much/many, few/little时，such变为so)-such + a(n) + adj. + 儿(单数)Today is as busy a day as yesterday.今天跟昨天一样忙。Henry does not have so/as many books as I have. 亨利的书没有我的书多。How clever a student he was wh

46、en he was a child! 当他小的时候他是一个多么聪明的学生啊！2.形容词和副词的级别规则变化构成法原级比较级最局级单音节词末一般直接加和-estgreatgreatergreatest单首节词以-e结尾，只加-r和-stbrave widebraver widerbravest widest闭自节单音节词如末尾只有 个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er和-estbig hotbigger hotterbiggest hottest以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，先变-y为-i,再加-er和-esthappyhappierhappiest多苜节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和m

47、ostdifficultexpensivemoredifficultmoreexpensivemost difficult most expensive少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词，加-er和-estclevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest注意有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加&和est,又可以加more和most构成 比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common, handsome, polite, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired 和以-ow，-er 结尾的词。（2）有些形容词没有程度可分，或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。 这类形容词有：right（正确的）,wrong（错误的），exce