初中英语语法大全(很值得看).docx

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1、1/25小升初英语语法大全一、名词表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；最好不要根据some、 any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。1、可数名词如何变一复数形式II ：a. 一般情况下，直接加-s,如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音： 清辅音后读s,浊辅音和元音后读。b. 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，力口 -es,如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：iz。c.

2、以一辅音字母+y |结尾，变y为i,再加-es, 如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；读音：z。 d.以一f 或 fell 结尾， 变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es,如：knife-knives , thief-thieves；读音：口。e.以一。II结尾的词，分两种情况1)有生命的+es 读音：z 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) z 如： f.不规那么名词复数： snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, to

3、oth-teeth, fish-fish,people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词 和不可数名词之间加上量 词+of II o例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice判断步骤：/如是am is或was一原形读句子一读该单词一认识该单词一理解意思一看be动词,如是are或were一力口 s或es练一练：1、写出下列各词的复数。1 him this her watchmango child photo

4、diary dayfoot dress toothsheep box strawberry thief engineerpeachsandwich man woman leafpeople2/252、用所给名词的正确形式填空。(1) Are there two( box ) on the table?(2) I can see some( people ) in the cinema.(3) How many( day ) are there in a week?3、写出下列动词的过去式。isam fly plant are drink play gomake does dance worry

5、 ask tasteeat draw put throw kick pass do 4、用动词的适当形式填空。(1)1 to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often to schoolwith me. Yesterday we to school together. We like to schoolvery much. ( go )(2) They usually lunch at home. But last week, they lunch at school.(have)(3) That my English book. It ne

6、w. But now it not here. Itthere a moment ago. ( be )(4) My sister likes very much. She often at our school festival. Lastterm, she a lot of songs in the school hall. She beautifully. ( sing )(5) What he usually on Sunday? He usually his homework.Look!He his homework now. he his homework last Sunday?

7、Yes, he. ( do )(6) Do people usually moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do.Did you moon cakes八、there/here be 结构1、there be结构表示一某时、某地存在着什么事物或人II ,包括there is、there are there was there were here be结构与它类似，用法也完全相同，只不过是 表示一这里存在着什么事物或人II O2、和 have、has、had 的区别:(1) There be句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)；而have、has、

8、had表示： 某人拥有某物。(2)在there be句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is；主语是复数，be动词用 are；如有几件物品，be动 词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定就近原那么II O(3 ) there be句型的否定句在be动词后加not, 一般疑问句把be动词调到句 首。(4) there be句型与have(has)的区别：there be表示在某地有某物(或人)； have(has)表示某人拥有某物。12/25(5) some和any在there be句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否 定句或疑问句。(6) and和or在there be句型中的运用：and用于肯

9、定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。(7)针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Howmany+名词复数+ are there +介词短语？How much +不可数名词+ is there +介词短语？(8)针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What s+介词短语？(9) There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后 面。练一练：1、用恰当的be动词填空。1) There four seasons in a year.2) There not any trees two years ago.3) - there a post office near your sc

10、hool? -Yes, there .4) -How many stops there? -There only one.5) There not any stamps on the envelope.6) there any birds in the tree?7) There a shopping centre near our school last year. But now there no one.10) In New York, there a lot of rain in spring.2、选用一have, has, had, there is, there are, ther

11、e was, there were II 填空。1) I a good father and a good mother.2) a telescope onthe desk.3) He a tape-recorder.4) a basketballin the playground.5) They a nice garden.6) My father a story-book last year.7) a reading-room in the building?8) What does Mike?9)any books in the bookcase?10) How many student

12、s in the classroom?11) a story-book on the table a moment ago.12) What do you?13) My parents some nice pictures.14) some maps on the wall.13/2515) a map of the world on the wall.16) David, s friends some tents.17)many children on the hilL九、some, any的用法some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和一般疑问句。请注意看例句后扩号中说明的用法。 例：Ther

13、e is some water in the glass.(肯定句)There are some flowers in the garden. (肯定句)There aren? t any lamps in the study.(否定句)Are there any maps on the wall?(一般疑问句)Would you like some orange juice?(希望得到肯定回答)Do you want to take any photos at the party? (一般疑问句)练一练：选用some或any填空。1) There isn t milk in the frid

14、ge.2) I can see cars, but Ican t see buses.4) Were there fruit trees on the farm?7) Is there rice in the kitchen?9)-Would you like cakes? -No, V d not like cakes, but V d likecoffee.10) -Are there pictures on the wall? -No, there aren, t pictures.十、动词不定式1、to加动词原形构成一种非谓语形式，在这里不是介词，无词义。如：I want to mak

15、e a New Year card.我想制作一 X 新年贺卡。Would you like to have a picnic with us?你愿意和我们一起去野餐吗？2、to保留原来动词的一些特征，它可以带自己的宾语和状语等。如：To get there faster, you can take bus No.5.想快一点到那儿，你可以坐5路车。3、to 前有时带疑问词 what, when, where, which, why, how 等。如：He s asking Yang Ling how to get there.他正在问杨玲怎样到达那里。总而言之，一定要记住：to后面用动词原形。

16、练一练：1、用扩号中所给动词的适当形式填空。14/251) People would like( go ) to farms in the countryside. 2) It s time ( have ) lunch4) The6) Would8) She3) I want ( buy ) some presents for my friends, thief began ( run ).5) Please shouw me how( go ) to the shopping centre, you like(join ) us?7) Don t forget( write ) Happy

17、 New Year II .was very glad( see ) them.9) Please remember( close ) the windows before you go home.10) I m sorry( hear ) that.2、圈出下列句子中的错误，并改正。2) Helen, show ux4) It s time for1) Would you like go camping with us? how drawing a square.3) I want to writes a letter to my penfriend.us go to school.5) L

18、iu Tao wants to showing Peter s photos to his mum.H 、动名词其实就是动词的一现在分词H。它既有一名词性质H (可作主语)，又具有动 词性质(可带宾语)。如：还有我们的一些课题：Asking the way中是一名词性 质II ;中是一II1、remember (记住)后面跟动名词，表示一记得做过某事II ；跟to+动词原形, 表示一记得要去做某事H。如：I remember posting the letter today.我记得今天把信寄走 了。Please remember to post the letter today. 请记住今天要

19、把信寄走。2、forget (忘记)后面跟动名词，表示一忘记做过某事(实际做过)II ;跟to+ 动词原形，表示一忘记去做某事(实际没做)II。如：I forget doing homework this morning.我忘记今天早上做过作业了。I forget to do homework this morning.我忘记今天早上做作业了。3、stop (停止)后面跟动名词，表示停止做某事| ；跟to+动词原形，表示一 停止正在做的事，而去做别的事II。如：Stop smoking, please.请不要吸烟。We are tired. Let, s stop to have a rest

20、.我们累了，让我们停下来休息一下。4、like (喜欢)后面跟动名词，表示一个人的爱好和习惯，意思是一喜欢干某 事II ;跟to+动词原形，常用15/25于would like to do something,表示一某人想要、愿意干某事II o如：I like taking a walk after supper every day. 我喜欢每天晚饭后去散步。I would like to have some chips.我想要吃些薯条。练一练：1、用扩号( swim ) is not as fast as running.2) It s sunny today. Let s go( fish

21、 ).3) Do you like( read ) English in the morning?4) Are you good at( dance )?5) Where is the ( shop ) centre?6) Would you like to go (jog ) with me?7) My hobby is ( play ) football.8) Su Hai likes( watch ) cartoons on Sundays.2、选择扩号(looking, to look ) after the baby.5) r m going( flying, to fly ) a

22、kite in the playground.6) I like ( playing, to play ) basketball after school.7) Would you like ( going, to go ) to the Great Wall?8) Jim is asking Liu Tao how ( getting, to get ) to the History Museum.十二、时间和日期的表达1、有两种时间表达法：A)直接读写数词。如：9:15 nine fifteen 10:30 ten thirty 11:45 eleven forty-five7:05 se

23、ven o five 2:25 two twenty-five 5:55 five fifty-fiveB)借助 past 和 to 来表达。past 一般用于 30 分钟以 10:30 half past ten 11:45 a quarter to twelve7:05 five past seven 2:25 twenty-five past two 5:55 five to six16/25注意：询问时间可用句型What s the time? II或者一What time is it? II o2、日期的表达：the+序数词+of+月份。如：the third of June六月三日

24、注意：询问日期可用句型一What date is it today? II或者一What s the date today? II o练一练：1、用两种方法表达下列时间。6:451:589:053:225:50 8:302、用英语表达下列日期。九月十日七月九日六月二日五月一日三月八日四月五日八月三日一月十五日十二月二十五日3、同义句转换，每空一词。1） -What s the time? -It s eleven forty-five.-is it? -It，s .3） -What s the date today? -It s 1st October.- is it today? -It，s

25、十三、名词所有格1、有生命的名词所有格：A）单数后加一s II ,如：Su Hai s twin sister苏海的双胞胎妹妹Jims family吉姆的一家B）以一s II结尾的复数名词，只需加一II ,如：Teachers Day教师节 the twins parentsC）不以一s II结尾的复数名词,那么仍需加一,s II ,如：Children, s Day 儿童节注意：表示两人或几人共有的物品，只需在最后一人名后加一s II ,如：Ben and Jim s book2、无生命的名词所有格，一般与一of II构成短语。如：a photo of his family他家的一 X 照片

26、the colour of her skirt她的短裙的颜色 练一练：翻译下列词组：大卫的叔叔我妹妹的邮票老师们的办公室这本书的名字 孩子们的爱好邮17/25妇女节他笔友的信双胞胎的书房局的大门十四、句子的种类18/25练一练：1、填入适当的疑问词。1) wallet is it? It s mine.2)is the Christmas Day? It s on the 25th of December.3) is the diary? It s under the chair.4)is the boy in blue? He s Mike.5) are the earphones? The

27、y are 25 yuan.6)is the hair dryer? It s blue.7) is it today? It s Sunday.8)was it yesterday? It was the 13th of October.9) this red one? It s beautiful.10)is it from here? It s about 2 kilometres away.11) A: Can I have some paper and some crayons? B:? A: I want to make a kite.12)is your cousin? He s

28、 15years old.13)do you have dinner? At 6 o clock. 2 can see in the box?yourfather today?Liu Tao in the playground? the films? is my sister, s friend.sister, s friend?your birthday?7) I, d like like for breakfast?19/25is that?3、按要求改写句子。l）It, s a book.（改为一般疑问句）it a?（对划线部分提问） is father?3） Do you watch

29、TV every Sunday?（做肯定回答） ,1 .4） This picture is beautiful.（改为以 what 引导的感叹句）What picture!5） Open the door for him.（改为否定句） open for !（对戈线部分提 问）do you ?-Yes, he is. / No, he isn t.They are making a puppet. They aren t making a puppet. -Are they making a puppet? -Yes, they are. / No, they aren t.7） There

30、 are some orange trees.（改为单数句子）There orange .（对划 线部分提问）What you do?9） He has some questions.（改为一般疑问句） he questions?10） They visited their relatives and friends last Spring Festival.（改为一般疑问句） they their relatives and friends last Spring Festival?20/25十五、时态1、一般现在时A、当谓语是be动词时，构成为：主语+be动词（am, is, are ）+

31、其他。如：lama student.B、当谓语是行为动词时，构成有两种：（1）主语（非第三人称单数）+动词原形+其他。如：We often watch TV at the weekends.（2）主语（第三人称单数）+动词第三人称单数形式+其他。如：Jim usually goes to the park on Sundays.C、句型变换：肯定句 否定句一般疑同句及回答They watch TV at six everyday. They don t watch TV at six everyday.-Do they watch TV at six everyday.-Yes, they d

32、o. / No, they don t.She watches TV at six everyday. She doesn t watch TV at six everyday.Docs she watch TV at six everyday.练一练：A、 用括号 1) He often( have ) dinner at home. 2) Daniel and Tommy ( be ) in Class One.3) We( not watch ) TV on Monday. 4) Nick( not go ) to the zoo on Sunday.5) they( like ) th

33、e World Cup? 6) There( be ) somewater in the bottle.7)your parents ( read ) newspapers every day?8) Mike(like ) cooking.9) You always( do ) your homework well. 10) They( have ) the same hobby.11) My aunt ( look ) after her baby carefully. 12) Liu Tao (do ) not like PE.13) She and I (take ) a walk to

34、gether every evening.21/25B、按要求转换句子，每空一词。1) Tom likes playing basketball with his friends.(改成否定句)Tom playing basketball with his friends.2) David s parents often take a walk after supper.(改为一般疑问句并作出否定 回答) David, s parents often a walk after supper? - No, .(对划线部分提问) they usually?4) She is always a go

35、od student.(改为一般疑问句并作出肯定回答)-always a student? - ,.5) Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)Simon and Daniel going .2、现在进行时A、构成形式：主语+be动词+动词的ing形式+其他。B、判断依据：句中往往有now、look listen等词。注意：千万不要忘了一定 得有be动词。C、句型变换：A1) The boy( draw ) a picture now.2) What you ( do ) now?3) Listen. Some girls( sing ) in

36、the classroom.4) My mother ( cook ) some nice food now.5) Look. They ( have ) an English lesson.6) They ( not water ) the flowers now.7) Look! the girls ( dance )in the classroom .8) What is our granddaughter doing? She (listen ) to music.9)Helen ( wash )clothes? Yes, she is .B、根据中文，完成句子，每空一词。1)X涛的父

37、亲正在浇花。Liu Tao s father is.2)看，孩子们正在操场上踢足球。Look! The children inthe playground.3)她正在公园里散步吗？是的。- she a walk in the park? -Yes,she.4) Jack正在哪读书?在他书房。22/25- Jack the book now? -He is.3、一般过去时A、构成形式：主语+动词的过去式+其他。注意：没有be动词的否定句和疑问句中，用didn t否定和用did提问后，动 词一定要用原形。B、判断依据：(1) be动词是was、were； (2)动词加ed； (3)有表示过去的 时

38、间状语，现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有：just now, a moment, yesterday, last week, last night, last weekend, last year, last month, three days ago, two weeks ago, five years ago.C、句型变换：A、用动词的适当形式填空。1) It( be ) Ben s birthday last Friday. 2) We all( have ) a good time last night.3) He(jump ) high on last Sports Day. 4

39、) Helen( milk ) a cow on Friday.5) She likes newspapers, but she a book yesterday. ( read )6) He football now, but they basketball just now. ( play )7) Jim s mother( plant) trees just now.8) they( sweep ) the floor on Sunday? No, they.9) I( watch ) a cartoon on Monday.10) We( go ) to school on Sunda

40、y.B、按要求改写句子。1) My father came to the shop just now.(改为否定句)My father to the shop just now.2) I watched TV last night.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)23/25you TV last? ,.(对划线部分提问)their teacher them yesterday?4） They were on the farm last Saturday.（改为否定句）They on the farm last Saturday.5） David and Liu Tao did their ho

41、mework together a moment ago.（改为般疑问 句）David and Liu Tao homework together .4、一般将来时A、构成形式：（1）主语+be going to+动词原形+其他。（2）主语+wiH+动词原 形+其他。B、判断依据：一个句子中既有be动词，又有going、to和动词，且动词用的 是原形，句中 往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。C、句型变换：注意：-Where are you going? -We re going to Beijing. 问句中不要用到 to。练一练：A、根据中文，完成句子，每空一词。1）

42、我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I have a picnic with my friends.或者：I have a picnic with my friends.2）下个星期一你打算去干嘛？我想去打篮球。-What next Monday? -I play basketball.或者： What you do next Monday? -1 play basketball.3）你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。- your mother go shopping this?24/25-Yes, she. She buy some fruit.4.）你们打算什么时候见面？What time

43、 you meet?B、改写句子。1） Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定句） Nancy going to go camping.2） r 11 go and join them.（改否定句）I go join them.3） I, m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?4） We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） meet at the bus stop at 10:30?5）（对划线部分提问）shea

44、fter school?(4) Here re five(bottle) of(juice) foryou.(5) This( violin ) is hers. Those( grape ) areover there.二、冠词冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为一不定冠词II和一 定冠词II两种。1、不定冠词：a、ano用在单数名词前，表示一一个，一件II。an用在以 元音一音素II开头的单词前。如：an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour.2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有

45、具体意思，有时翻译为这、 那。它的基本用法：(1)用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如：The map on the wall is new.(2)表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please.(3This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful. (4(5)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。the Great Wall(6)用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：the Changjiang River长江(7)此夕，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一 般都用定冠词 the。如：the first d

46、ay, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class 确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。 练一练： 1、用a或an填空。 U II ice-cream goalkeeperteapotappleoffice English bookumbrellaunithour 2、根据需要，填写冠词a, an或the。(1) Who is girl behind tree?(2) old man has two children,son and daughter.(3) This is orange. orange is Lucy s.(4) He likes playing guitar. We have same hobby.3/25(5) We all had good time last Sunday.(6) She wants to be doctor.三，数词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示 次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有一the II ；序数词前一定要 有the II o1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上一- II。如：21 twenty-one2、三位数以上的那么需要在百位数后再加上and。如：101 a/one hundred and