滨州学院《语言学概论》期末考试复习题及参考答案.docx

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1、语言学概论复习题注：可利用查找功能复制部分题干查询对应题目和解析。查找按键：Ctrl+F （超越高度）一、名词解释1. arbitrariness （任意性）3. affixes （词缀）5. Connotation （内涵）7. diphthongs （双元音）9. affixes （词缀）二、填空2. parole （言语）4. Hyponymy （上下义关系）6.allomorphs （语素变体）8 allophones （音位变体） lO.Polysemy （多义性）Performance refers to the realization of langue in actual us

2、e.1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.2. Speech variety refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or a group of speakers.3. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.4. The discipline that studies the rules g

3、overning the formation of words into permissible sent ences in languages is called syntax .5. As a type of linguistic system in L2 learning, interlanguage is a product of L2 training, mother tongue interference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategi

4、es of the learner.6. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called homonymy.7. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in the obstruction of airstream.8. There are 5 main areas of phonetic study.9. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the languag

5、e people actually use, it is said to be descr iptive.10. Modern linguistics regards the written language as secondary.11. According to F. de Saussure, performance refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.三、判断English is a typical intonation language. （T

6、）1. Adjectives belong to open class words. (T)The first pragmatic theory is Conversational Implicature.(F)2. If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.(T)There is no difference between data retrieval and information retrieval.(F

7、)3. English is a typical intonation language. (T)All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. For example, Good morning!” can be restored to “I wish you a good morning.(F)4. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in

8、communication. (T)5. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences. (F )A compound is the combination of two words.(F)6. The meaning of a sentence is always the sum total of the words in that sentence.(F)Realations between meanings of words can be synonymy, antonymy or h

9、yponymy.(T) 四、简答1. Define phoneme.A contrastive phonological segment whose phonetic realizations are predictable by rules.(4 points)(or: A phoneme is a phonological unit; it is a unit that is of distinctive value.)2. What are the four criteria for classifying English vowels?The position of the tongu

10、e in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels.3. What are the three sub-branches of phonetics? How do they differ from each other?Phonetics has three sub-branches as following:Articulatory phonetics is the study of how speech organs produce the sounds

11、 is called articulatory phonetics.Acoustic phonetics is the study of the physical properties and of the transmission of speech sounds is called acoustic phonetics.Auditory phonetics is the study of the way hearers perceive speech sounds is called auditory phonetics.4. Please list the 4 design featur

12、es of languagearbitrariness duality creativity displacement5. List the seven functions of human languages. Informative function Interpersonal function Performative function Metalingual function Phatic communion function Recreational functionEmotive function6. What are the differences between surface

13、 structure and deep structure?They are different from each other in four aspects:Surface structures correspond directly to the linear arrangements of sentences while deep structures correspond to the meaningful grouping of sentences.Surface structures are more concrete while deep structures are more abstract.Surface structures give the forms of sentences whereas deep structures give the meanings of sentences.Surface structures are pronounceable but deep structures are not.