阅读理解推断与细节——2023届高考英语阅读与写作备考策略.docx

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1、阅读理解推断及细节类题型1.题干特征1）题干中有 infer 或 according to注意事项：当题干中有infer时，如果某选项与原文几乎一摸一样，这时这个选项通常为错误选项2）题干只给出一半3）题干以特殊疑问词开头2.方法1）审题注意事项：注意提问主体注意题干中的有效信息（人物，时间，地点，否定，代词，数词等）2）把题干中所有信息对应回文章3）就近原则把选项对应回题干找到的位置四周注意事项：1）注意不要答非所问（选项内容正确，但不能回答问题）2）注意选项与原文中的同义或反义词语替换3）注意选项与原文中的句义转换eg原文：some people are in favor of the d

2、evice while others argue that it is useless.选项：all the customers don* like the device.（不是所有顾客都喜欢这个设备）/原文：the result is anything but satisfactory.（这个结果绝不令人满意）选项：the result is satisfying.（这个结果是令人满意的）*4）注意选项不要偷换成分5）注意选项与原文中修饰词的增加，删减和替换eg.原文： my father bought me a black pant.选项： my father bought me a pa

3、nt. /原文： my father bought me a toy car.enjoy their beverages at closer to 70 degrees Celsius. In 1991, the World Health Organization listed coffee as “possibly carcinogenic”. WHO officials have since changed their position on that listing. They now suggest that the temperature of your hot drink is a

4、 greater risk factor than the actual drink itself.题： Why did the WHO remove coflfee from possibly carcinogenic list?”Because people dont like coffee any longerA. Because people drink coffee at 60 degrees CelsiusBecause coffee has nothing to do with cancersB. Because temperature is more dangerous tha

5、n coffee itself参考答案1. C.本题截取自记叙文。由本段中的 Its amazing what a big difference a small bouquet can make 得知， Floranthropie给老人们的生活带来了很大的作用和变化，故选C。注意：A选项错误，段落第四行提及we don9t focus on primary care； B选项错误，段落第二行提及.aims to help elderly 选项种more than意为不仅仅，因此修饰词错误。2. B.本题截取自说明文。由本段最后一句中 The tradition there is to stop

6、 eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full得知，日本的传统是吃八分饱，因此吃的很饱在日本被认为是不良饮食习惯。3. A.本题截取自说明文。题干问及那种动物做梦最频繁，即间隙时间最短，由本段中内容得知，老鼠每 九分钟一次，猫每15分钟一次，大象每两小时一次，故选A。4. D.本题截取自说明文。由本段中.the findings were as follows: 可知冒号后即为答案。D选项与原 文一致，故选D。5. C.本题截取自议论文尾段。由本段中 As yet, there isn a trick that enables you to re

7、ad a piece of text both quickly and accurately .得知，尾段在讨论没有一中技巧可以在阅读时既快速又准确，因此接下来文章 应该说明在何种情况下选择快速阅读还是慢速阅读，故选CoD.本题截取自应用文。由本段二段首句Toronto is given far less credit than it really deserves得知，多伦 多是一个值得夸赞的地方，但人们却没有给予它相应的夸赞，因此人们对于多伦多的印象是这是一个普 通的地方，故选D。6. C.本题截取自说明文。根据本段中的 The chick weights a mere 550 grams

8、, . A blue penguin should weight around 900 grams at this age.可知，Billy比它同年龄的企鹅要轻，故选C。注意：A选项错误，原文中提及may actually be a female penguin只说可能是，并未确定，选项中修饰词删 减后意义不同。7. B.本题截取自说明文。由本段第三行中的. they only worked as after-school support, so the results were not always reliable得知，前后为因果关系，所以前半句为答案，故选B。8. D.本题截取自记叙文。

9、由第一段的直接引语得知他认为传统绘画想法和技巧限制了自己作为职业画家 的发展，因此决定打破传统绘画的束缚，故选D。9. D.本题截取自说明文。由本段最后一句可知对于美容美发店员来说，通过信用卡支付是不起作用的， 故选D。注意：A选项错误，地点状语替换不符合原文：原文中的地点状语是in low-income area,而选项中是in developed areaC.本题截取自说明文。由这两段可知，鸟类羽毛颜色由两种色素组成：黑色素和类胡萝卜素。其中黑 色素对应暗色，类胡萝卜素对应亮色，且类胡萝卜素不能在体内产生，需要摄取相应食物。故选C。10. C.本题截取自说明文。由本段内容得知，当地农民用船

10、把货物运到市场，从穿上直接卖给零售商，零 售商再把货物卖给商店或经销商，故选CC.本题截取自说明文。由本段第三行. one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food得知I有五分之一即20%的人因语言障碍订餐错误，故选Co注意：本题需注意文中和选项中数量给出形式的差异B.本题截取自议论文。由本段第三行中的 And we feel anxious when the demands of a task go beyond our skil

11、ls得知当工作眼球超出了我们的能力范围时我们会感到焦虑。故选B。11. D.本题截取自说明文。由本段最后一句得知世界卫生组织将咖啡从致癌清单中去掉是因为相比咖啡本身，热饮的温度对健康影响更大，故选D。选项： my father bought me a car.*原文：it is less visible.选项；it is invisible.又6）注意选项不要偷换概念7）原文为细节类，选项为总结8）原文为总结类，选项为细节 eg.原文： wet garbage refers to the garbage that breaks down easily. 题 目：which of the fol

12、lowing is wet garbage?选项：A. a brick B. a plastic bottleC. furnitureD. leftover /9）注意原文与选项中的类比或对比情况10）当提问文章接下来会继续写什么内容时文章首段提及三点，但文章中只讨论了两点，那么第三点为答案文章尾段（尤其尾段的最后一部分）讨论的内容为答案11）注意数词的给出形式数词给出形式示例：3； 1/5; 20%; 2.5; .three; one in five; one fifth; 20 percent; .double; dozen; quarter; score; .典型例题1But many

13、animals face hard ecological problems. Why dont they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to human-sized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow. So our results and those of others suggest that hard ecology and the accumulation of cultural kno

14、wledge could act together to produce a human-sized brain.题： Why dont many animals have large brains?A. They dont learn from each otherThey dont face hard ecological problemsB. They dont need to cooperate with each otherThey dont keep learning tough skills as they grow【答案】D【解析】本题截取自说明文。虽然题干问的是为什么动物没有

15、large brains,但原文并未用动物进行回答，而 是用人类进行对比。由本段第二行和第三行内容可知，人类进化出large brains是因为在成长过程中学习很 难的技能，因此动物没有large brains是因为动物在成长的过程中没有学习很难得技能。故选D 注意：B为干扰选项。由本段首句话可知，很多动物都会面临生态问题，只是人和动物在面临生态问题时反 应不同，故B选项错误。典型例题2The device is worn much like a regular belt, but on the outside of the clothing, it includes sensors that

16、 monitor the movement of hips. If the device detects that the person is falling, an airbag opens before the person hits the ground, cushioning the fall. When the wearer hits the ground, the bag reduces the force to the hip bones by 90 percent, enough to avoid the majority of hip injuries.题： How does

17、 the device mainly work?A. By reducing the effects of fallingBy speeding up bone recoveryB. By predicting road conditionsBy preventing people from falling【答案】A【解析】本题截取自说明文。本题为原文给出细节，选项需要进行总结的类型。由本段内容可知，这个设 备能够检测到使用者的臀部动作，一旦检测到使用者正在摔倒，则会在接触到地面前弹出气囊以减少接触 地面时的力，从而避免受伤，因此这个设别的工作原理是减少摔倒对于使用者的影响。故选A。典型例题3

18、We already know why birds have colored feathers. For many birds, the color of feathers may make them less visible to the enemy by helping then match their surroundings, or more appealing to potential mates by helping them stand out. These aspects are well known. A greater mystery has been how the pa

19、ttern are created.题： What can birds do with their colored feathers? A. Settle on right branchesFit in with their enemiesB. Draw attention to possible matesMake birds invisible to their enemies【答案】c【解析】本题截取自说明文。本题为同义词转换题型。选项C中draw attention to对应原文中 叩pealing to （吸引），possible mates 对应原文中 potential mate

20、s。故选 C注意：D选项为干扰选项。原文用less visible （不易看见的）而选项为invisible （不可见的），故不能选典型例题4A newly married woman called Gilleece, saying she lost her wallet at his bar with her wedding ring inside. Gilleece looked through camera videos, watching the womans every step in the bar until she went to sit on a bench outside

21、and left when her ride arrived. Then a young man approached the bench and put something in his pocket. Gilleece posted several pictures on the bars Facebook page, asking if anybody knew the guy.题： What happened to the newly married woman?A. She lost the wallet at the barShe regretted charging Prathe

22、rB. She left her wallet on a benchHer wallet was stolen by a young man【答案】C【解析】本题截取自记叙文。由本段第二句和第三句可知，这位女士在酒馆外的长椅上掉了她的钱包。故 选C。注意：1） A为干扰选项。本段第一句提及Gilleece观看视频直至女士走出酒馆，可知丢钱包的地点不是酒馆内， 因此A选项地点状语错误。2） D为干扰选项。这位女士把钱包掉落在长椅上，她离去后年轻人才把钱包装入口袋，因此不是偷盗行为， 此处为偷换概念。练习题1. In addition to health centers, Floranthropi

23、e focuses on community groups devoted to the elderly. Laetitia Theleme is a volunteer for Les Petits Fieres, an organization that aims to help the elderly who dont have a support system. The group receives a dozen or so bouquets from Floranthropie monthly, and then redistributes them. “Ourmotto is f

24、lowers before bread, says Theleme. We dont fbcus on primary care, but rather on nourishing兹养）the spirits. Floranthropie helps us do that. Its amazing what a big difference a small bouquet can make.” 题： What can we infer about Floranthropie from Laetitia Thelemes words?A. It should focus on primary c

25、areIt is benefiting more than the elderlyB. It is doing something of great importanceIt should cooperate with more non-profit institution2. Japanese people are some of the longest living people on the planet, with women up to 87 years old and men up to 80. The Japanese diet is the reason for such le

26、ngths of life. The diet has many foods that are low in calories and high in nutrients. Japanese people eat a lot of seaweed, tofu, rice, vegetables and fish. The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.题： What is considered as a harmful eating habit in Japanese trad

27、ition?A. Going low in caloriesEating to the fullestB. Having much seafoodPicking many food3. Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, how often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every

28、2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when lying down.题： Which animal may dream most frequently?A. RatsB. DogsC. CowsD. ElephantsBuilding on these results, for the second experiment they tested whether the horses behavior changed in other situations and findi

29、ngs were as follows: The horses gave more signals if the caretaker hadnt watched the food being hidden than if the caretaker had, suggesting that horses can change their behavior in response to the knowledge levels of humans题： Which of the following affected the horses behavior in the study?A. The n

30、umber of caiTotsThe color and size of the containerB. The physical appearanceThe caretakers knowledge of the hidden food5. So, does speed reading work? Well, yes and no. it really depends on what you are reading and why you need to read it. As yet, there isnt a trick that enables you to read a piece

31、 of text both quickly and accuratelythere5s always going to be a trade-off.题： What might the writer continue to talk about?A. The advantages of faster or slower readingThe reason why to do faster or slower readingB. The cases where to do faster and slower readingThe methods for making use of faster

32、or slower read in6. In more ways than one, Toronto is given far less credit than it really deserves. But Toronto has its own reasons to pull you in. the city is ever changing and some new attractions pop up every year.题： How may average tourists feel about Toronto?A. It deserves a visitIt develops v

33、ery slowlyB. It has few new attractionsIt is a fairly plain place7. Billy was taken to the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation Center after being retrieved from the beach. Volunteers believe the bird may actually be a female penguin, and is around 2 months old. The chick weights a mere 550 grams, le

34、ss than a standard basketball. A blue penguin should weigh around 900 grams at this age. Most little penguins grow up to weigh 1 kilogram.题：It can be inferred from the text that Billy ().A. is a female penguinhas expressed its thanksB. weights less for its ageprefers living on the beach8. Among the

35、most popular apps are Duolingo and Busuu. Previous research found positive results on the use of them. But these apps mainly concentrated on study with learners who had signed up for language courses, and they only worked as after-school support, so the results were not always reliable. A recent stu

36、dy of 4,095 Busuu users has been carried out aimed to find out if users can actually learn a language with an app.题： The results of the former research werent always dependable because ().A. it was only carried out before lassit didnt consider users in classB. it just focused on positive results D.

37、it used out-of-date methodsAt first, I just drew everything Shao said. “But I soon found that sticking to traditional thoughts and skills of Chinese paintings would limit my development as a professional painter, so I decided to develop my own style.”In the late 1980s, experimentalism became popular

38、 among ink paintings and inspired Shao, in 1995,1 tried to draw experimental paintings. The initial works came out by chance. Shao said. “On one occasion, I came back to Beijing by train. When the train approached the station, I saw the view outside the window change completely. Rubbish had started

39、piling up along the tracks of the city. It was a shocking scene for me.” 题： What can we infer from the two paragraphs?A. Shao wasnt a professional painterShao worked hard to become popularB. He founded experimentalismShao wanted to break with traditional painting9. Conditions in the US are nowhere n

40、ear suitable for entering a cashless society; too many people would be left behind. Your young friend may be happy to accept money via PayPal or another app, your cafe may use an iPad instead of a cash register, but landlords （房东）in low-income areas still prefer money orders. Its convenient fbr cons

41、umers to charge, say, an outing to the nail salon （美发沙龙）but when you add the tip to your credit card bill, it may never make it to the worker.题： Who would probably prefer to be paid in cash?A. A landlord in a developed areaA cafe ownerB. A young personA worker in a nail salon11. Dr. Ismael Galvan an

42、d his team of expert researchers studied the color of feathers to see what types of colors were present in birds complex feather patterns. It turns out to be two types of pigments （色素）mainly: melanin （黑 色素）,which produces a range of black, grey, brown, and orange colors, and carotenoids （类胡萝 卜素），whi

43、ch are used by specialized feather structures to create brighter colors.Birds cannot produce carotenoids on their own. For feathers with bright colors, birds must consume food items that contain these pigments, and the carotenoids circulate through the bloodstream to the feather. Melanin, on the oth

44、er hand, is produced in special cells in the birds bodies.题： What can we know in Dr Ismael Galvans study?A. Melanin can produce a variety of bright colorsBirds can create carotenoids in their own bodiesB. Birds take food containing carotenoids to create bright colorsMelanin and carotenoids ae found

45、in special cells of birds12. Farmers bring their products in boats to the markets and sell them to local dealers directly from their boats, without setting up shops. That way they can quickly sell their products and return to their home. The local dealers buy the products and sell them to shops in t

46、he neighboring towns or to wholesalers （批发商）from big towns. Floating markets are also a big tourist draw.题： How does the business work in the floating market?A. Farmers sell their products to the wholesalersThe wholesalers buy products from the boatsB. Products are sold to the local dealers from boa

47、tsLocal dealers buy farmers9 products from the shop13. Overcoming language barriers can be one of the most difficult parts of a holiday, particularly when in unfamiliar surroundings. So stressful in the fact that 10% of respondents said they didnt travel because of the problem. The survey by Hostelw

48、orld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food and one in ten got on the wrong train, plane or other form of transportation. If languages werent an issue then one in eight (12%) Brits would visit Japan. China, Italy and Russia were also popular choices. Despite the communication problem, Japan has seen a 7.5% increase in the number of British visitors between January and April, compared to this time last year.题： How many Brits cant order food correctly because of language barriers?A. About 10%B. About