高一英语语法专题：定语从句讲解和练习.docx

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1、Attributive Clause (定语从句)一、基本概念：1) I know the man. The man spoke at the meeting just now.I know the man2)That is the house. He lived in the house ten years ago.That is the house where hgJivMJtglLYgaiSgQ.* 在复合句中，修饰 名词或代词 的从句叫定语从句。* 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或 关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。

2、* 引导定语从句的关系代词有：先行词指人 who; whom; that; whose先行词指物 which; that; whose关系副词有：when; where; why二、关系词的用法：(一)关系代词的用法：1. 作主语用 who, that, which,如：l)He is the man who/ that lives next door.2)The train that/which has just left is for Shenzhen.3)This is the shop which /that sells childrens clothing.4)Is he the m

3、an who/that wants to see you?2. 作宾语用who; whom; that; which,也可以省略，如：l)The man(who/that/whom)we have just seen is a famous writer.2)Where is the book(that/which)I bought last week?3)The man _who/whom/that you talked to just now is an engineer.3. 作定语用 whose, 如：1)A child whose parents are dead is called

4、 an orphan.2)1 found some trees whose leaves were black with disease.3)Here is the girl whose school bag has been stolen.注：whose的先行词常用来指人，有时也用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which结 构互换，词序是：“the+名词+ofwhich，如：1 )They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (=the back wall of which_ )2)Hes written a book

5、whose name Ive completely forgotten. (=the name of which )作表语只用that,也可以省略。如：l)He is no longer the simple-minded man(that)he was years ago.2)This is no longer the dirty place(that)it used to be.（二）关系副词的用法：1) when指 时间在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, year.等。2) where指_地点在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有： place, city, sch

6、ool, factory.等。3) why指原因，它的先行词只有reason o填空 when / where / why:1)1 still remember the time when I first became a college student.2)This is the hotel where they are staying.3) ril never forget the day when we worked together in London.4)That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.5) Kunming is a beau

7、tiful city where flowers are seen all the year round.6)Is this the reason why_ he refused our offer?(三)关系代词和关系副词的区分：1 .用关系代词还是关系副词，关键要准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、表、 状)。请比较：1)141 never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.ril never forget the days(which/that)we spent together last summer.2)His fa

8、ther works in a factory where computers are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes computers.例填写关系代词和关系副词：1)1 returned to the town where I grew up.I returned to the town(which/that)I visited last year.2)1 dont remember the year when that earthquake broke out.I dont remember the year(whi

9、ch/that)I spent in the countryside.3)The library which/that has been built is rich in new books.The library where I always read books is rich in new books.4)Well visit the factory where your father works.We911 visit the factory _where there is much new equipment.We911 visit the factory which/that li

10、es in the north of Huanghua.2 .三个关系副词在意义上都相当于介词+关系代词which 结构：when二 on, in, at, during.+whichwhere二in, on, at, over, above, behind.+whichwhy= for which1)1 was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.2)The office where (= _in/at which) he works is on the third floor.3)This is the reason why

11、(二 _for which) we did it.ExerciseI.填写关系代词或关系副词：1. Hangzhou is the place where I went last summer.2. He read the book(which/that)his sister had told him about.3. I prefer the house whose window faces the lake.4. I forgot the house where the Smiths lived.5. I enjoyed the time when I was studying at th

12、e college.6. We should learn from those who are always ready to help others.7. I dont know the reason why many children like Xiao Yanzi so much.8. The type of music which/that interests me most is the classic music.9. The teacher whose class I hate most is Mr Smith.10. The club where I had dinner wa

13、s just outside the post office.11. 用关系代词将两个简单句合并成含有定语从句的复合句：e. g I like the painting. He bought it.I like the painting that he bought.1. I heard about the job from a friend.The friend works in the same company.2. Most of the students will remember that day.On that day they said good-bye to each othe

14、r at the railway station.3. At 6 in the morning I went to the park.I found many people doing morning exercises in the park.4. This is the chair.My parents gave it to me.5. Most of the students liked and respected their English teacher. Their English teachefs lectures were very interesting.6. The chi

15、ldren broke my window.They live in the next street.7. The man was badly injured. He was driving the car.（四）.关系代词的选择1.关系代词作介词宾语，当介词前置时，只能用whom或which；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去。O Do you know the boy(who/whom)she was talking to?Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?The pencil(which/that)he was wri

16、ting with suddenly broke.The pencil with which he was writing suddenly broke.I was waiting for my classmate I wanted to borrow a novel.A. from whom B. from whoC. to whoD. to whom0He showed me the dictionary she paid a lot of money.A上y whichB.to whichC.for whichD.on which例填写介词+关系代词：1) This is the man

17、 for whom I once worked in the factory.2) The clever boy made a hole in the wall,through which he could seewhat was happening inside the house.3) The manager with whom a group of Young Pioneers are sitting is famousacross China.4) The big tree under which the old are playing chess is about 30 years

18、old.5)The novel in which you are interested was written by Mark Twain.6) I know Mr. Pattis,in/at whose shop my brother once worked.7)My glasses,without which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.2 .在下列情况中，只能用that, 不用 which。1) 当先行词是 all, little, few, much, no,any, something, anything,

19、 everything, nothing等词时。 OA11 the apples that fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.-Did you ask the guard what happened?Yes, he told me all _(that_)he knew.2)当先行词是序数词词或 形容词最高级修饰 时。OMr John said that Suzhou was the first city _(that_)_ he had visited in China.This is the fastest train _t

20、hat is going to Nanjing.3) 当先行词被 the only, the very, the last 等所修饰时。如：OIs oxygen the only gas helps fire bum?The last river they crossed is two miles wide.4)当先行词中既有_人_又有物 时。They talked for about an hour of the things and persons they remembered.5)当主句是以 who; which 开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，要用that。OWho is the p

21、erson is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?Which is the car killed the boy?3 . 以the way为先行词的定语从句通常以in which或that引导，也可以省略引导词。I dont like the way(in which/that/)you laugh at her.4 .当先行词前有_such 时，关系词应当用as。Dont do such things as you are not sure about.5 .当先行词被the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用as,也可以用that。

22、6 .当先行词是anyone, those, he, she等代词表“人时，用who不用that.7 .定语从句修饰one of时，先行词为one of后的名词复数；定语从句修饰the only one of.时，先行词为one,是单数。ExerciseI.在下列定语从句中，用适当的介词填空：1. She has three children, all of whom are at school.2. He built a telescope through/with/by which he could study the sky.3. The woman,from whom I learne

23、d the news, is a nurse.4. The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.5. There is a tall tree outside,under which stands our teacher.6. In the dark street, there wasnt a person to whom she could turn for help.7. I was surprised at the way in which he treated the old man.8. The age at which child

24、ren can go to school is seven.9. His bike by which he went to work was stolen last night.10. Ours is a beautiful school,of which we are proud.11. The desk against which Jack is leaning is Johns.12. He bought a book yesterday, theauthor of which is a teacher.13. To tell you the truth, the man for who

25、m you are waiting wont cometomorrow.14. Do you remember the building on which flew a red flag all the year round?II.单项选择：1. Pve read all the books you gave me.A.whichB.themC.whatD.thatThere isnt much I can do.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.howHe keeps a record of everything he had seen there.A.heB.thatC.which

26、D.whatTell us about the people and the places are different from ours.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whomMr John said that Suzhou was the first city he had visited in China.A.thatB. whereC.whichD.whatThe TV play I watched last night is the best one I have watched this year.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD. thatThis is th

27、e baby tomorrow.A. after whom I shall lookB. whom I shall look afterC. whose I shall look afterD. after whom I shall look afterIs this the museum you visited the other day?A.thatB.whereC.in whichD. the oneI began to work in Beijing in the year New China was founded.A.whenB.thatC.whichD. whereThis is

28、 the very film Ive long wished to see.A.whichB.thatC.whoD. whomThere is no difficulty cant be overcome in the world.A.thatB.whichC.whoD. whatWho is the person is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?A.whoB.thatC.whichD. whomThis was the supermarket I bought this kind of tin.A.whereB.thatC.w

29、hoD. whichThe house the capitalist（资本家）used to live in is now a nursery.A.thatB.whereC.whatD. whenIm one of the students well in English in my class.A.who doesB.who doC.which doesD.who didHe is the only one of the three got the new idea.A.who haveB.whom haveC.who hasD.whose hadWe all remember the da

30、ys we studied together at school.A.whichB.thatC.whenD. /Do you know the reason he didnt come?A.thatB. whichC.forD.whyI now know why Chairman Mao impresses everyone who meets him the way he does.A.whichB.whatC. /D.nowGone are the days the working people suffered from cold and hunger.A. on thatB. at w

31、hichC. whenD. with whichShe was no longer the woman she was.A.thatB. whichC.whatD.whoThats the hotel last year.A.which we stayed B.at that we stayed C.where we stayed at D.where we stayedThe doctor did all to save the wounded boy.A.what he couldB. he couldC.everything which he couldD. for which he c

32、ould doAnyone this opinion may speak out.A. that againsts B. that againstC. who is against D. who are againstThe place you are standing used to be an old church.A.whichB. whereC. thatD.whenI have bought the same dress she is wearing.A. asB. thatC. whichD. thanIt is not such an interesting magazine I

33、 thought.A.asB. thatC. whichD. /I showed the doctor the place I felt the pain.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whenDo you know the actor you saw playing Hamlet is now doing King Lear?A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whichThe river are covered with trees is very long.A. whose bankB. of which banksC. whose the banksD. the ba

34、nks of which1-5 DCBAA1-5 DCBAA6-10 DBAAB11-15 ABAAB16-20 CCDCC 21-25 ADBCB 26-30 AACBDAttributive Clause (定语从句)II限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1 .限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用,与先行词关系十分密切，不可用 逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如： l)This is the telegram he refers to.2)Is there anything I can do for you?3)We should learn from those

35、are always ready to help others.2 .非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明,没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散, 因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整，在文室史不赏用L，与主果隔开。如：l)This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.2)As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：，不可 以用 和 O另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，如：1) I

36、told the story to John, who later told it to his brother.=I told the story to John,later told it to his brother.2) Last year we visited the Summer Palace, which is one of the most beautiful places in Beijing. =Last year we visited the Summer Palace,is one of the most beautiful places in Beijing.3) T

37、he old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers.=The old man has two sons,are lawyers.3 .有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是 或是，这时一般采用which或as来引导。如： He passed the exam,he hoped he would.注：(l)as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.They are hollow,makes them very light.(

38、2)从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东 西，因此常译成“ ”。(3)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词只能用who/whom指人，which指物；它们都不能用 代替。例选择题：1)has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. AsB. ItC. ThatD. Which2) Carol said the work would be done by October, personally I doubt very much.A. itB. thatC. whenD

39、. which选择题：非限制性定语从句1. Last night we went to Anns party,we enjoyed very much.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. whereHe came from Herne Bay,Lily had once spent a holiday.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. thereHe paid the boy ten dollars for washing ten windows, most of hadnt been cleaned for atleast a year.A. theseB.

40、thoseC. thatD. whichHe has made another wonderful discovery,of great importance to science.A. which I think isB. which I think it isD. I think which isC. of which I think it isColin married my sister and I married his brother,makes Colin and me double-in-laws.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it2. YouU have

41、to wait for one more week,the manager will be back from his trip.D. beforeD. itsD. both of whomD. on the top of thatA. asB.untilC. whenHe lent her dictionary,cover is red and white.A. whichB.whoseC. of whichShe has 3 sons,is a scientist.A. both of whichB. both of whomC. one of whomThe children climb

42、ed up the hill,they picnicked.A. on its topB. on the top of it C. on whose topJim, a good friend of mine, sent me a beautiful card,was written “Merry Christmas”.A. whereB. on whichC. whichD. itOn the third floor there are two rooms,is used as a meeting room.A. one of them B. the larger of which C. t

43、he larger one of that D. the largest of which 12. He isnt interested in those texts,are too difficult for him.A. much of which B. most of that C. most of them D. most of whichRecently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of which C. its priceD. the price o

44、f whoseSome of the roads were flooded,made our journey more difficult.A. whichB. itC. whatD. thatHe must be from Africa,can be seen from his skin.A. thatB. asC. whoD. whathave bought two ball pens,writes well.A. neither of themB. none of themC. neither of whichD. none of whichThe buses,were already

45、full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. most of thatB. which mostC. most of whichD. that mostoften thought of my childhood,I lived on a farm.A. whoB. whenC. whereD. whichMr. Wu,everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry.A. whomB. thatC. whichD. /This is Mr. Smith,I think has somethi

46、ng interesting to tell us.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. /21., the compass was first made in China.A. It is know to all B. It is known thatC. We all knowD. As is known to allyour good friend, will try my best to help you out.D. what isD. from whomD. asA. who isB. who amC. that isHe is a man of great experie

47、nce,much can be learned.A. whoB. thatC. from whichJohn got beaten in the game,had been expected.A. whoB. whatC. thatHe lived in London for 3 months, during he picked up some English.A. thisB. whichC. thatD. whenThe general at last got a chance to visit the village he used to fight,he had beendreaming of for years.A. that/which B. where/thatC. in which/what D. where/whichgave him a warning,he turned a deaf ear.A. of whichB. for whichC. to thatD. to whichYou may call on me from one to five oclock, during I am always at home.A. the timeB. what timeC. that timeD. which time