小学英语教师课堂用语存在的问题及对策（附200条课堂常用语）.docx

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1、小学英语教师课堂用语存在的问题及对策（附200条课堂常用语）英语教师话语在外语课堂教学中起着极其重要的作用。 本文通过对教师话语的类型及其特征的分析，从而总结出目 前教师话语存在的问题及对策，以便提高英语课堂的教学效 果。外语课堂教学是一个师生互动的交际过程，是学习者习 得第二语言的重要环节，外语课堂上的语言交流（classroom interaction ）是课堂上利用目的语（外语）促进学习者除 第一语言以外的任何语言的发展，教师话语是其中的一个部 分。教师话语即教师在课堂上组织教学和传授知识所使用的 话语，它是培养学生交际能力的关键。教师话语起着传授语 言知识和监控课堂的双重功能，是影响英

2、语课堂教学效果的 重要因素之一。教师话语不仅是教师执行教学计划的工具， 同时也是学生语言输入的一个重要来源，因此它在组织课堂 教学和学习者的语言习得过程中起着至关重要的作用。一、教师话语的类型及其特征教师话语可粗略地分为两大类：一类是同教学内容直接 相关的英语教学话语；另一类是与教学内容无关，但起着组 织与引导教学作用的英语课堂用语。（一）开场白82. Lets act. /Lets act the dialogue. =Who would like to act out the dialogue?然咱们表演/表演对话。83. Who wants to be A?谁想演 A?84. Now t

3、om will be A and I will be B,现在汤姆演 A,我演B。85. Its your turn.轮到你了。86. Whose turn is it?该轮到谁了 ？87. Wait your turn, please.请等等，就轮到你了。88. Stand in line.站成 排。89. Please get your things ready,请把你的东西准 备好。90. Please put away your things.请把你的东西收拾 好。91. Practice the dialogue, please.请练习这个对话。92. Ask each other

4、questions.互相问 问题。93. Think it over.仔细想。94. This half of the class will be/read/act/play A and the other half will be B.班级这一半扮演A,另一半扮演B.COMMENTING （评论）good. Thank you.好的，谢谢。95. Right/ Thats right.对OK/ That s OK.对96. Good. / very good.好/ 非常好。97. That s wrong.错了。98. Excellent. / Great. / Well done.优秀 /

5、 太好 了 /做得好。99. You ve done well.你做得很好。100. Im sure you111 be even better next lesson/ next time.我相信下节课/下次你会做得更好。EXERCISES AND HOMEWORK.(练习和作业)101. we * 11 do Exercises 1 and 2.我们将做练习一和练 习二。102. For todays homework, say Hello to each other. 今天的作业。互相说：Helloo103. Do it orally before write it out.在写之前作口

6、 头练习。104. Write down the word twice.把这个单词抄写两遍。105. Do your best. (I 111 do everything I can.) 尽最大努力写好。106. Try your best.尽最大努力。=I will doeverything I can.107. Remember/Memorize these words.用 心学好这些单词。108. Next time we, 11 have a dictation/ spelling test. 我们下次将举行听写/拼写测验。DISMISSING TEH CLASS （下课）109. P

7、lease hand in your workbooks.请把你的作业交 上来。110. The bell is ringing.铃声响了。111. There goes the bell.铃声响了Class is over.下课了。112. Time is up. Let s stop here.时间到了,就到这 吧。113. That1 s all for today.今天就到这。114. Come to / Ask me if you have questions.如果 你有问题，就来问我。115. Goodbye. / Bye, See you next time.再见/下 次见。US

8、EFUL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS IN TEACHING （一般教 学用语）Aim of education 教育目的116. teaching plan （s）教学计划teaching principles 教学原则117. syllabus.教学大纲classroom teaching.课堂教学118. on-site teaching.现场教学119. open class/ demonstration class.公开课 / 观摩 课教学A teaching summary.教学小结120. to help the student make up the lesso

9、ns 补课Teaching notes.教案121. Teaching aim and requirements/objectives. 教 学目的和要求Key teaching points/ focal points.教学重点122. Difficult points.难点General review.总复习123. Answer key.标准答案124. to sit in on each others class. /to visit each others class.互相听课To prepare lessons.备课125. to prepare lessons together.

10、集体备课to go over exam papers 评阅试卷126. test/ quiz 小测验mid term exam 期中考试127. Final exam/term exam 期末考试128. Oral exam=spoken test . 口试Written exam 笔试129. Makeup exam/ supplementary exam 补考grade.分数130. excellent 优秀good 良131. average 中fail 劣132. English Contest.英语竞赛above average=good 良 fail=poor.劣（二）日常用语GR

11、EETINGS日常问候1. GOOD MORNING / AFTERNOON / EVENINGHello/ hiHow are you?2. I m fine. Thank you. Yourself?farewells：告别3. Goodbye bye see you later. / Tomorrow. See you see yaGood night.making telephone calls 打电话Hello! May I speak to.?4. Hold on, please. He isnt here right now.5. Ifm calling to tell / as

12、k youGoodbye.Thanks and responses 感谢和应答Thank you very much.6. Thanks a lot.7. Many thanks / thanks forYou re welcome. / thats all right.Wishes, congratulations and responses.祝愿、祝贺和应答Good luck.8. Best wishes to you. / have a good time. / CongratulationsThank ya.9. Happy New Year. Merry ChristmasThe s

13、ame to you. Same to you.Apologies and responses.道歉和应答。10. Can I help you? = what can I do for you? = would you like some. . . . = how can I help you?11. Thanks. / That would be nice / fine/ thank you for your help. / Yes, please.12. No, thanks/ thank you. / thatr s very kind ofyou, but.TALKING ABOUT

14、 THE WEATHER.谈论天气13. What s the weather like today? = How s the weather in.?14. Its fineSHOPPING.购物15. Can I help you with sth? = May/ can I help you?16. I want / Ir d like. . ow much is it?26. How many / much do you want?27. What color / size / kind / do you want?ASKING THE WAY AND RESPONSES 问路和应答。

15、28. Excuse me, where s the mens / ladies1 room?29. Excuse me,can you tell me the way to?30. How can I get to?31. I dont know the way.32. Go down this street.33. Turn right/ left at the first / second crossing.34. Its about Meters from here.ASKING THE TIME OR DATE AND REPONSES 询问日期、时间和应答。35. What day

16、 is it today?36. What1 s the date today?37. Whats the time, please?38. Its Monday39. Its Jan. 10th It1s five o clock PROHIBITIONS AND WARNINGS 禁止和警告 40. You cantIf you, you will.41. . . Take care!Be careful!SEEING THE DOCTOR 看病Theres something wrong with.Ir ve got a cough.I feel bad/ sick.I dont fee

17、l well.Ir ve got a pain here42. Take this medicine three times a day. Nothing serious.You 11 be all right/ well soon. LANGUAGE DIFFICULTIES 处理交际中的语言障碍 44. Pardon.45. Please say that againPlease say that more slowly.46. What do you mean by?47. I m sorry I cant follow you.48. Im sorry I only know a li

18、ttle English.49. Pardon me?!开场白首先是问候语，问候语能起到引起注意、让学生 安静下来的作用。问候后，教师用学生能理解的语言讲一条 新闻、一个故事、或者提一个简单的问题要求学生作答，可 以起到warm-up的作用。(二)提问课堂的提问在教学中起着十分重要的作用，多年来一直 是语言教学研究所关注的一个焦点。教师通过提问让学生开 动脑筋，积极思考，并通过回答问题参与交流，同时可以激 发学生的学习兴趣，启发学生的独立思考并迫使学生对知识 进行“自我强化”，还可以通过提问了解学生对知识的掌握程 度，从而调整自己的教学进度。(三)反馈语教师在英语课上讲话是为了指挥、组织管理课

19、堂，也是 为了对学生的回答进行理解性的反应，做出评论或进行纠错 等，即反馈。它是教师话语的另一个重要功能。反馈通常分 为积极反馈(positive feedback)和消极反馈(negative feedback)两大类。积极反馈是指用“Good”、“Yes”、“Okay”、 “That s right等用语对学生的回答表示赞赏,让他们知 道自己的回答正确，以提高他们的学习动力。消极反馈包括: 忽视学生的回答；学生回答正确教师不表扬；急于对学生出 现的语法、语音、用词方面的错误进行纠正；中断学生的回 答。二、目前教师话语存在的问题及对策分析（一）教师思想上的误区目前大多数外语课堂教学中均采用“

20、填鸭式”的传统教 学法一一以教师为导，学生只是消极被动地接受发自教师的 大量信息。课堂中偶尔出现的讨论也是由教师控制讨论的话 题、内容、讨论过程及参加者，学习者会不断得到教师暗示, 教师可以随时修正自己的话语，而学习者则没有给予这样的 机会，教师话语占去了 70%左右的课堂时间，况且现行课堂 教学中教师与学生的话语交流往往局限于问答形式，而且是 封闭式的问题。为改变这一局面，语言教师必须重视对课堂语言质量的 研究。英语教师应充分意识到教师话语在课堂交际中的重要 性，同时要了解教师话语在激发学生学习兴趣、创造更好的 语言环境、指厚和调整课堂交际活动中都起着重要作用。（二）教师话语过多，影响学生语

21、言交际能力的培养中国的英语教师和学生多习惯于以教师为中心的英语课 堂教学，教师占据了课堂的主导地位，教师与学生以及学生 与学生之间的交流甚少，学生参与课堂活动和发表见解的机 会少，使得学生语言交际能力得不到有效培养。（三）提问方式多以封闭式回答为主，学生主观能动性 不强封闭式的问答也许能使课堂教学保持连贯和流畅，但很可能剥夺学生抓住要点和找出理解中的问题的机会，这种课 堂交际对于学习者输出起到的作用相当有限，因为学生始终 按老师设置的路径去思考，而完全丧失了自己的主观能动性, 这样获取的信息量就不会很大。三、结论课堂教学改革的目的就是要减少教师对学生的绝对控 制，教师应充分了解课堂交际规律，应

22、该认识到教师话语的 运用方式在哪些情况下能够促进或是阻碍学生参与课堂的语 言交际，鼓励学生积极参加课堂教学的各个环节和各个方面, 积极互动，争取更多的话语权。同时，教师应该对教师话语 的类型及特征有较全面的理解，在课堂教学中要改变固有观 念，适当控制教师话语的数量，给学生提供更多语言练习的 机会。注重交际气氛的培养，把握语言输入的难易度，使之 既具有挑战性又为学生所理解和接受。此外，还要注意提问 的灵活性，兼顾不同水平的学生，给所有学生提供用英语进 行双向交际的机会，实现教学的最佳效果。、教师课堂英语（一）课堂用语Beginning a class （ 开始上课）Lets start clas

23、s. =It1 s time for class. 上课1. Hello, boys and girls / children.同 学们好Good morning /afternoon , boys and girls /teacher/同学们/老师们,早晨好/下午好Stand up / Sit down, please.起立 / 请坐2. Who is on duty today?今天谁值日？3. Is everyone / everybody here /present?大家都 出席了吗？4. Is anyone anybody absent?有人缺席吗？5. Who s absent?谁

24、没来？6. Lets begin our class. 咱们上课吧.7. We111 start / begin a new lesson today.今天我 们讲学习新课.8. What day is it today?今天星期几？9. Whats the weather like today?今天的天气怎么 样？In Class （课堂上）Let1 s begin a new lesson. o 们开始学新课.10. We * 11 learn something new .我们讲学新知识.11. Lets learn some new words/ sentences. 咱们学 些新单词

25、/句子12. Lets review what we learned yesterday.咱们复 习一下昨天学过的内容.13. Ready? Are you ready?准备好 了吗？14. Start.开始15. All together.大家一起来.16. Read all together now.大家一起读.17. Sit down , please.请坐端正.18. Stop talking, don11 talk.不许说话.19. Be quiet, please.请安静.20. Look at my mouth, please.请看我的 口型。21. Quickly, /be q

26、uick, please. 请迅速，目。22. Hurry. Hurry up, please. = Please a little faster.请快点。23. Do you understand? = Do you follow me 听懂了 吗？24. Can you follow me?你能听懂我的话吗？25. Is that clear?听清楚了吗？26. Listen, please.请听。27. Please listen to me.请注意听我说。28. Please listen to the tape recorder/ to the recording. 请听录音。29.

27、 Listen carefully, please.请仔细听。30. Look carefully.仔细看。31. Please look at the blackboard/picture/ slide. 请看黑板/幻灯片。32. Please answer my questions.请回答我的问题。33. Can you spell the word. . . . ?你能拼读这个单词 吗？34. Spell the word. . . . , please.请拼读这个单词。35. Pay attention to your spelling/pronunciation. 注意你的拼写/发音

28、。36. Say after me, please.请跟我说。37. Read after me, please.请跟我读。38. Try to keep up with me, please.请跟我学。39. Please say it again.请再说一遍。40. Please repeat/ Once more, please/ again please. 请再作一次。41. Who1 s going to . . . ?谁准备?42. Who wants to. . . ?谁想要?43. Please come to the front.请至U前面来。44. In pairs, pl

29、ease.请两人一组练习。45. Practice in groups, please/ In groups , please. 请按小组练习Any volunteers?有谁自愿做这件事吗？46. Lets do it. One by one , please.请一个接一个 地做。47. Now you, please. =Would you, please? = It s your turn now! = you want to try?请你来48. Next, please.请下一个。49. Now ( you) do the same.现在你做同一个。50. Put up your h

30、ands, please. / raise your hands, please.请举手。51. Put down your hands, please. / Hands down, please.请放下手。52. Put it/ them into Chinese/English.把它们译成 汉语。/英语。53. In English, please.请用英语。54. Whats this in English/ Chinese?这个用英语/ 汉语怎么说？55. Please take out your books.请拿出你们的书。56. Please open your books to

31、page.请打开书，翻到 46页。57. Turn to page4.翻到第 4 页。58. Close your books , please.请把书和上。59. Who can pronounce this correctly?谁能发这个 音？60. Please say this letter/ word/ sentence to the class.请读出这个字母/单词/句子。61. How do you read this sound / letter/ word? 你 怎么读这个字母/单词的音？62. Pardon? I cant hear you clearly. Louder,

32、 please.请原谅.我没能听清你的话请大点声。63. Please to back to your seat. 请回到你的座位上 去。64. Who can help him/her?谁能帮助他？65. Will you please help me?请你帮助我好吗？66. Can you try? / Try, please/do you want to try it? =Think it over and try anotherAnswer. = Think it over and then give me your answer.你能试一下吗？请再试一下67. Don11 be af

33、raid.别害怕。68. Don11 be shy.别害羞。69. Think it over and try again.仔细想一下，再试。70. Try your best. / Do your best.尽力 / 尽你最大 努力。71. Lets have a dictation.咱们听写吧。72. Is this right or wrong? / Is this correct? 这 个是对还是错？这个正确吗？73. Is it easy/ difficult?它容易 / 难吗？74. Stop here. / Now stop.到此为止。75. Go on, please.请继续。76. Lets sing an English song.咱们产一首英文歌。