2023届高三英语名校新题专题03（阅读理解之说明文） 期中考试专辑 解析版.docx

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1、2023届高三英语名校新题快递一11月期中考试专辑专题03阅读理解之说明文解析版北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高三上学期期中英语试题Humans have long gained pleasure from the smells of the natural world. For the most part, though, human beings are not their target market. For plants, fragrances are a way to interact with insects and other animals. Their attractio

2、n for people happens simply by chance.In chemical terms, most natural fragrances are made up of volatiles - so called because of their tendency to change states suddenly. Volatiles evaporate easily, drifting into noses. In plants reproductive processes, smelly volatiles attract pollinators （授粉昆虫）.Bu

3、t their natural applications are much more varied. If an insect chews through the leaves of some Bursera plants, out shoots a sticky, smelly liquid to trap it. Coyote tobacco plants are even more crafty: upon sensing the smell of hungry caterpillars, they produce volatiles that attract predators to

4、kill the pests.What is truly amazing is just how wily plants can be in using their scents for reproduction. White flowers often emit their scent at night to attract nocturnal pollinators such as moths. They produce a dilute nectar （稀释的花蜜）that encourages moths to keep moving, rather than linger at a

5、single bloomall the better to increase pollination. Other flowers change their fragrance after being successfully pollinated, as a signal for insects to go elsewhere.But though “Scent” is a story of plants cleverness, it is also a tale of the human kind. People have long used fragrances for their ow

6、n purposes, particularly for use in religious ceremonies: perfume recipes on the walls of an Egyptian temple in Edfu demonstrate just how long ingredients have been mixed in pursuit of the best blend. So highly prized were some scents that, to scare off competitors, Arab traders spread a legend abou

7、t giant eagles that guarded cinnamon.Eventually scientists no longer needed natural sources for fragrances. In 1866 a fragrance molecule was produced for the first time. Sixteen years later, Houbigant Parfum released Fougere Royale, the first “modem fantasy perfume that creates an imaginary scent ra

8、ther than copying a natural one. Nowadays fragrance-making is dominated by man-made compounds, which can be reliably and affordably produced in large quantities.That has led to the mass production of smelly products, from toilet paper to toothpaste. Scent is accordingly big business. It is said that

9、 a world-famous fragrance and flavour manufacturer that claims people interact with its products up to 30 times a day, had sales of 3.8bn last year.31. According to Paragraph 1 and 2, which would the author agree with?A. Some plants might kill the pests with their smells.B. Fragrance is a tool for p

10、lants to protect themselves.个随机选择。当婴儿选择了其中一个玩具后，研究人员将其拿走，并带着一个新的选择回来。 然后，婴儿们可以从他们第一次没有玩过的玩具中挑选，或者挑选一个全新的玩具。他们的选择 表明，他们“不喜欢未被选择的对象）可知，婴儿们不喜欢自己没有选过的玩具，说明他们喜欢 自己选过的东西，可得出他们的随机选择变成了偏好。故选C项。15题详解】细节理解题。由细节理解题。由:后一段中的“For adults, choice is good, but too many choices can be a problem, sothe lab will try to

11、 determine if that is also true for babies.（对于成年人来说，选择是好的，但选择 太多可能是一个问题，因此实验室将尝试确定婴儿是否也是如此）”可知，接下来实验室研究重点 是“婴儿是否会被太多选择困扰”。故选D项。江苏省连云港市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中调研As Mark Meekan, a tropical fish biologist at the Australian Institute of Marine Science in Perth, spotted a giant shadowy figure moving in the Ind

12、ian Ocean, he was diving to take samples of a whale sharks skin.The sharks, averaging around 12 meters long, spend most of their lives in the deep ocean where they are hard to observe, so analyzing the chemical makeup of their tissues can help scientists learn more about their biology and behavior,

13、including what they eat.The skin samples that Meekan collected reveal that whale sharks, long thought to be strict meat eaters, also eat and digest algae （i每藻）.The findings add to evidence that whale sharks intentionally eat plants, potentially making them the largest omnivores on Earth.Although alg

14、ae has turned up in the stomachs of beached whale sharks before, everyone thought it was just accidental ingestion （摄取）;Meekan says.To find out if that assumption held up, Meekan9s team took tissue samples from 17 whale sharks feeding off the coast of Western Australia from 2015 to 2017. Whale shark

15、s skin was rich in arachidonic acid （花生四烯酸）that is found in brown algae, the analysis showed.The new work supports previous research by a different group that found algae-related nutrients in the skin of whale sharks near Japan. Together, the findings suggest that digesting greens is common practice

16、 for whale sharks.But that doesnt mean whale sharks are true omnivores, says shark biologist Robert Hueter. This is a bit like saying that cows are omnivores because they eat insects while feeding on grass.”Meekan admits that he isnt sure whether whale sharks seek out algae, but the amount they eat

17、isnt incidental （附带的）.Their tissues hold a remarkable record of what theyve been up to J he says. “Were now learning how to read this library.”Why did Mark Meekan take samples of whale sharks5 skin?A. To observe the living conditions of sea life.B. To discover the eating habits of whale sharks.C. To

18、 explore the biology and behavior of sea life.D. To analyze the function of whale sharks9 tissues.28. What can we learn about Mark Meekans findings?A. Its common fbr whale sharks to take in algae.B. Its the first time to find whale sharks eat greens.C. There is abundant arachidonic acid in brown alg

19、ae.D. There are algae-related nutrients in whale sharks skin.29. What does the underlined word “omnivores in paragraph 3 mean?A. Meat eaters.B. Animals living in the deep ocean.C. Living creatures.D. Animals feeding on meat and greens.30. What message does Mark Meekan convey in the last paragraph?A.

20、 Hell find out whether whale sharks eat plants.B. Hell record what whale sharks have been up to.C. Hell figure out why whale sharks digest greens.D. Hell read more about whale sharks in the library.【答案】28. B29. A30. D31. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生物学家Mark Meekan的研究发现，长期以来被认为是严 格肉食者的鲸鲨，也摄入绿色植物。【28题详解】细节理

21、解题。根据第二段“The sharks, averaging around 12 meters long, spend most of their lives in the deep ocean where they are hard to observe, so analyzing the chemical makeup of their tissues can help scientists learn more about their biology and behavior, including what they eat（鲨鱼平均 身长约12米，它们大部分时间生活在深海中，很难被观察

22、到，因此分析它们组织的化学组成可以 帮助科学家更多地了解它们的生物学和行为，包括它们吃什么）及第三段中“The skin samples that Meekan collected reveal that whale sharks, long thought to be strict meat eaters, also eat and digest algae （海藻）.（Meekan收集的皮肤样本显示，长期以来被认为是严格肉食者的鲸鲨，也吃并消化海 藻）”可知，Mark Meekan采集鲸鲨皮肤样本是为了探究鲸鲨的饮食习惯。故选B项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“The skin

23、samples that Meekan collected reveal that whale sharks, long thought to be strict meat eaters, also eat and digest algae （海藻）.（Meekan 收集的皮肤样本显示，长 期以来被认为是严格肉食者的鲸鲨，也吃并消化藻类）”以及第六段中“Together, the findings suggest that digesting greens is common practice for whale sharks.（总之，这些发现表明，消化绿 色食物是鲸鲨的常见习惯）”可知，从M

24、ark Meekan的发现中我们了解到鲸鲨摄入藻类是很常见的。故选A项。【30题详解】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“The skin samples that Meekan collected reveal that whale sharks, long thought to be strict meat eaters, also eat and digest algae （海藻）.（Meekan 收集的皮肤样本显示，长 期以来被认为是严格肉食者的鲸鲨，也吃并消化藻类）”说明鲸鲨除了吃肉也吃植物，是杂食动物, 从而推知划线词句The findings add to evidence that wh

25、ale sharks intentionally eat plants, potentially making them the largest omnivores on Earth.（这些发现进一步证明了 鲸鲨有意识地吃些植物，这可能使它们成为地球上最大的omnivores）”其中词汇应为“既吃肉也吃植物的杂食动物”。故选D项。31题详解】推理判断题。根据:推理判断题。根据:后一段中 Meekan 所说“Their tissues hold a remarkable record of what theyvebeen up to.（它们的组织保存着它们所做事情的显著记录）”以及“We，re

26、now learning how to read this library.（我们现在正在学习如何阅读这个资料库）”等可以推知，Meekan表明他会弄明白为什么鲸鲨会消化绿色植物的。故选C项。辽宁省沈阳市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试Society tells us we should socialise to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest. These days, were almost always connecte

27、d, whether in person or through our phone screens and online social networks. But theres something to be said for solitude（独处）,“Being alone doesnt necessarily mean being lonely”. In fact, spending time by yourself is an essential element of self-care.Around the globe different cultures have wide-ran

28、ging perspectives on what it means to spend timealone. If you live or have spent time in the United States, youre probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude. For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game nig

29、hts to drinking at bars and everything in between.The United States isnt the only place where youll find a heavy emphasis on social time. Across the Atlantic, the United Kingdom is known for being an extremely extroverted（夕卜向型的）country. A survey of Brits found that more than half had never done and

30、would be unwilling to do activities like going to theme parks or seeing live music alone. Most Brits spend almost twice as much of their leisure time socialising with others as they do being alone.The home can be a place of rest, relaxation and recharge-that is, if you live by yourself or have the s

31、pace to be alone in your home. The country in which people are least likely to live alone is India, at about 4 percent of the population. China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these, many

32、aspects of life are related to community. Thus, spending time alone isnt as ingrained（根深蒂固的）as a social convention in places like these, and the good of the group takes priority over the needs of one person.12. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. People can benefit more from solitude.B. Pe

33、ople tend to socialise more nowadays.C. Being alone generally equals being lonely.D. Being alone enables people to be carefree.13. Which of the following best describes young Americans?A. Imaginative and wild.B. Responsible and energetic.C. Optimistic and dutiful.D. Outgoing and sociable.14. Why are

34、 most Chinese people more likely to live together?A. Because they share a specific culture.B. Because they lack some local customs.C. Because they possess enough home space.D. Because they give priority to their own needs.15. Whats the best title for the passage?A. The Essence of Self-careB. Enjoy S

35、olitude, Enjoy YourselfC. The Functions of Different CulturesD. The Perspectives on Solitude【答案】【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了不同文化对独处的不同看法。【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中 “Society tells us we should socialise to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest These d

36、ays, were almost always connected, whether in person or through our phone screens and online social networks（社会告诉我们，我们应该充分地社交，那些被人包围的人是最成功和最快乐的。如今，我们几乎总是联系 在一起，无论是面对面，还是通过手机屏幕和在线社交网络。）”可知，如今我们几乎总是联系在起，无论是面对面还是通过手机屏幕和社交网络；由此可推知，如今的人们更倾向于社交。故 选B项。【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的If you live or have spent time in

37、the United States, you9re probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude. For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game nights to drinking at bars and everything in between.（如果你住在美国或曾在美国生活过一段时间，你可能会意识到美国人倾向于拒绝独处

38、。对许多年轻人来说，周末充满了社交活动，从和朋友吃早午餐到晚宴，从 游戏之夜到酒吧喝酒，以及介于这两者之间的一切。尸可知，美国的年轻人周末充满了社交活动。由此可推知，美国的年轻人都比较好社交。故选D项。【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these, many aspects of life

39、 are related to around community.（中国也很喜欢多之家，只有大约10%的人独自 生活。在这些更集体主义的文化中，生活的许多方面都与周围的社区有关。）”可知，大多数中国 人更喜欢住在一起的原因是中国这种集体主义文化。故选A项。15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段首句“Around the globe, different cultures have wide-ranging perspectives on what it means to spend time alone.（在世界各地，不同的文化对独处的意义有着不同的看法。片可知不同的文化对独处有着不同的看法；

40、文章第二、三、四段分别谈到了美国、英国、 印度和中国等国家的人对独处的看法。由此可知，本文主要谈到了不同国家对独处的看法。D项“The Perspectives on Solitude（对独处的看法）”最能概括本文内容。故选D项。江苏省无锡市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试It seems that every week we find out someone broke into a big companys databaseslike the recent Equifax data breach （违规）一and made off with millions of credit c

41、ard numbers, passwords and other valuable information. And now a new kind of worry: someone could seize control of your wireless home network and steal your information from under your nose.Thafs the possibility raised by a couple of cyber security researchers from the Catholic University of Leuven

42、in Belgium. The problem, they say, is a weakness in the very protocol meant to make wi-fi secure. That protocol is called Wi-Fi Protected Access II, WPA2. And WPA2s weakness could allow an attacker within physical range of your wi-fi network to make a copy of that network that they could then contro

43、l. The researchers call their approach a key reinstallation attack, or KRACK.Its important to know that a KRACK attack remains a possibility for now. The scientists realized the threat while investigating wireless security. They911 present this research on November 1st at the Computer and Communicat

44、ions Security （CCS）conference in Dallas and in December at the Black Hat Europe conference in London.In their KRACK assumption, wireless devices would be fooled into connecting to the false network. And the attacker would be able to access all of the information that devices send and receive while c

45、onnected to that network一evon if that information has been coded. Android and Linux would be especially easy to attack because of how their encryption keys （密钥）are configured （设定）.One measure of protection against such an attack would be to make sure they youve installed （安装） the most up-to-date ver

46、sions of your apps, browsers and wireless router software. Updated software is most likely to include the security patches （补丁）needed to avoid falling victim to a KRACK attack, because chances are that KRACK wont remain simply a proofof-concept for long.4. What are home Internet users concerned abou

47、t now?A. Their Internet may be disconnected.B. Their credit cards might be inaccessible.C. Their home network might be destroyed.D. Their personal information might be stolen.5. How can the attacker take advantage of the WPA 2s weakness?A. By installing a key.B. By approaching physical range.C. By c

48、opying and controlling the network.D. By controlling the Internet users.6. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?A. The false network contributes little to such attack.B. If coded, the information will be free from danger.C. Android is easy to attack for lack of encryption keys.D. All of the informatio

49、n might be accessible to the attacker.7. What can people do to protect against KRACK attack?1 . Purchase the best-quality apps.B. Keep the proof of KRACK long.C. Ignore the patches of the computers.D. Install the latest relevant software.【答案】4. D5. C6. D7. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是连接无线网时的一种新忧患KRACK攻击。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的