备战2023年高考英语重难题型高分攻略01 阅读理解之词义猜测题（教师版）.docx

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1、备横2023高考阅读之词义猜测题目录内容板块一题型解析板块二高考真题感悟板块三模考题练手板块四课后习题训练一：题型解析1:词义猜测设题方式1 .对考纲外生词的猜测2 .对考纲内熟词新义的猜测3 .对句义的猜测4 .对文段中的习语、短语及划线部分的猜测或对指代进行理解2：解题思路顺藤摸瓜法：定义、重述、对比、因果、构词、语法、常识、上下文实词联系理解1：定义法：由生词后的同位语或定语从句可猜词义，也就是定义猜词法。常见信号词mean, the same as, that is to say, in other words,注意：同位语有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等表示例题分析：1 ：

2、 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. 木匠2： We are on the night shift - from midnight to 8 a.m. - this week. 夜班2：对比法：根据对比关系猜测词义。句中有 yet, though, although, on the other hand, instead, but, however等表转折的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可猜测生词词义。例题分析：1. Though Toms face has b

3、een washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. 脏的2. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things; his wife, however, is very thrifty. 节俭的3. 语义复现法：根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义。这类同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and, or, but, however, namely, that is to say, in other words 等信号词作暗示。例题分析：1 ： In competitive world

4、 of today, examinations have a highly selecting or filtering role. 过滤4：列举法：根据举例猜测词义。这类信号词有：for example, such as, for instance, consist of, include, especially 等词语.例题分析：1 ： Today young couples who are just starting their household often spend lots of their money on appliances, 个实验，用两个看起来完全相同的金属圆盘。其中一

5、个圆盘为普通金属，另一个则是采用特殊蚀刻技术的 相同材料）”可知，研究人员把这种金属和其他常见的金属一起实验，通过对比，他们发现了这种金属能漂 浮的特点，因此研究人员是通过比较来进行实验的。故选B。15.推理判断题。根据最后一段的This proves that metal etched in such a way could be useful in the manufacturing of boats and ships, allowing them to remain afloat even when damaged.（这证明了以这种方 式蚀刻的金属可以用于制造船只，使它们即使受到损坏也

6、能漂浮在水面上）”可知，这种金属能被用来制造 船只，因此它有着光明的前景。故选A。专题过关名校模拟题（云南省昆明市云南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考卷二）Although it can befound in natural vanilla bean extract, vanillin also can be made synthetically using chemicals coming from petrol. To create it from plastic, instead, researchers genetically modified a strai

7、n of E. coli bacteria so that it can make vanillin from a raw material used in the production of plastic bottles.1 ： Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the underlined word “synthetically” in paragraph 3?A. Naturally.B. Artificially.C. Biologically.D. Industrially.解析：词句猜测题。由第三段“A

8、lthough it can be found in natural vanilla bean extract, vanillin also can be made synthetically using chemicals coming from petrol. To create it from plastic, instead, researchers genetically modified a strain of E. coli bacteria so that it can make vanillin from a raw material used in the producti

9、on of plastic bottles.（虽然香草香精可以在天然香子兰豆提取物中找到，但也可以使用来自汽油的 化学物质synthetically香草香精。相反，为了用塑料制造香草香精，研究人员对一株大肠杆菌进行了基因 改造，使其能够从塑料瓶生产中使用的原材料中生产香草香精）”可知，第三段讲述了实验室里人造香草 香精的过程，synthetically意为“人造的（Artificially）”。故选B项。（湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考一）Dr. Margaret Blattner, clinical instructor, from the department o

10、f neurology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, tells PEOPLE that frequent or long daytime naps can disturb healthy nighttime sleep. Napping during the day may make it harder to fall asleep at night or cause nighttime sleep to become fragmented and that missing out on night time sleep can cause

11、 severe daytime sleepiness.2： What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean?A. Broken.B. Scarce.C. Abundant.D. Regular.解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的frequent or long daytime naps can disturb healthy nighttime sleep. Napping during the day may make it harder to fall asleep at night（白天频繁或长时间的小睡会影响健康的 夜间睡眠。白天打盹可

12、能会使晚上更难入睡）”和画线部分后面的“that missing out on night time sleep can cause severe daytime sleepiness（夜间睡眠时间的缺失会导致白天严重的困倦）”可知，白天打盹会影响晚上 的睡眠，导致晚上睡眠缺失。nighttime sleep to become fragmented” 和 aharder to fall asleep at night 并列，应该指的是睡眠缺失的一种情况。结合选项，A选项（不连续的，间断的）符合这种情形。即：白天 打盹会导致晚上睡眠不连贯，睡眠时间不足。故选A。（江苏省扬州中学2022-202

13、3学年高三上学期9月双周练）This finding challenges the 10, 000-hour rule promoted in Malcolm Gladwell? s 1993 study of violinists and pianists. Gladwell states that enough practice will make an expert of anyone. The idea has been popular and entrenched in our culture for years. ItJ s not an idiom but an overstat

14、ement,v said Brooke Macnamara, the lead author. When it comes to human skill, a complex combination of environmental factors and genetic factors explains the performance differences across people.n3 ： What does the underlined word “ entrenched ” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Rooted. B. Advanced. C

15、. Changed.D. Unconfirmed.解析：词句猜测题。第二段划线词句的上一句Gladwell states that enough practice will make an expert of anyone.（Gladwell指出，足够多的练习将使任何人成为专家。）中Gladwell提出了谚语“Practice makes perfect的观点，再根据划线词句“The idea has been popular and entrenched in our culture for years.（多 年来，这个观点已经很流行，并在我们的文化中entrenched。）”可知，划线单词

16、和前文中的“popular” 并列，说明这个传统观点广泛流传并在文化中“基础深厚”，结合选项可知，选项A “根深蒂固的”与之 意义最为接近，故选A项。（湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷二）Jim Thorpe is one of the greatest athletes of all time. He had amazing athletic abilities and was well-known during his lifetime, yet that did not make Thorpe a stranger to adversity.Thorpe was

17、an American Indian from Oklahoma who developed his extraordinary athletic skills in his youth through hard labor. It was also in his youth that he learned to endure hardship brought upon by racial prejudice. Many would say his childhood was not easy. He grew up poor and at age 9 his twin brother pas

18、sed away and a few years later he lost both of his parents.4： What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?A. The adversity Thorpe met with led to his success.B. Thorpes success was no guarantee of a better life.C. Thorpes career brought him both gains and losses.D. Thorpe suffered many har

19、dships despite his success.解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段“Thorpe was an American Indian from Oklahoma who developed his extraordinary athletic skills in his youth through hard labor. It was also in his youth that he learned to endure hardship brought upon by racial prejudice. Many would say his childhood was not ea

20、sy. He grew up poor and at age 9 his twin brother passed away and a few years later he lost both of his parents.”（索普是来 自俄克拉荷马州的美洲印第安人，他在年轻时通过艰苦劳动发展了非凡的运动技能。也正是在他年轻的时 候，他学会了忍受种族偏见带来的苦难。许多人会说他的童年并不容易。他出身贫寒，9岁时双胞胎兄弟 去世，几年后他失去了双亲。）可知，吉姆索普经历了很多苦难，幼年时双胞胎兄弟过世，随后父母双亡, 青年时又困扰于种族偏见带来的磨难：以及划线句前面的yet表转折意义，可知，划线

21、部分的意思是虽然索 普后来有所成就，但却经历了很多苦难。故选D。（湖北省枣阳市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期8月月考英语）Many different reflective cooling paints have been developed over the years, but they all have their drawbacks. For the new study, the Purdue researchers developed a new methodusing calcium carbonate （碳酸钙）fillers, which are much riche

22、r, cheaper, and absorb less ultraviolet （紫夕卜线的）light. And the new reflective cooling paint can give off more sunlight-reflecting 95.5 percent of the light that strikes it. Thats better than many of the other paints in development, which manage between 80 and 90 percent, although it falls short of th

23、e record holder-the Teflon coating, which reflects 98 percent of light.5： What s does the underlined word “drawbacks” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Mistakes. B. Burdens. C. Disadvantages. D. Difficulties.解析：词句猜测题。由第二段中的“Many different reflective cooling paints have been developed over the years, but they a

24、ll have their drawbacks. For the new study, the Purdue researchers developed a new method-using calcium carbonate （碳酸钙）fillers, which are much richer, cheaper, and absorb less ultraviolet （紫外线的）light. And the new reflective cooling paint can give off more sunlightreflecting 95.5 percent of the light

25、 that strikes it. That s better than many of the other paints in development （多年来，人 们开发了许多不同的反光冷却涂料，但它们都有各自的drawbacks。在这项新研究中，普渡大学的研究人 员开发了一种使用碳酸钙填充物的新方法，这种填充物更丰富、更便宜，吸收的紫外线更少。新的反光冷 却涂料可以反射95.5%的阳光。这比开发中的许多其他涂料都要好）”可知，新的反光冷却涂料优点多， 比许多其他涂料都要好，说明之前的反光冷却涂料有缺点，drawbacks在此处意为“Disadvantages （缺点）二 故选C项。（宁夏

26、银川市第一中学2021-2022学年高三上学期第三次月考英语试题）To reduce food waste on socialmedia platforms, some popular video platforms have stepped up content reviews of food-related live streams and implemented regulation of online eating shows. Now, if users search certain keywords, such as eating show1* or competitive eat

27、ersa cautionary message pops up to remind them to cherish food and keep a reasonable diet.6： What does the underlined phrase “pops up” in the last paragraph mean?A. Appears unexpectedly.B. Spreads widely.C. Moves quickly.D. Fades slowly.解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“if users search certain keywords, such as aeat

28、ing showH or competitive eaters”, a cautionary messagew 以及后文“to remind them to cherish food and keep a reasonable diet.”可知，当用户搜索与食物有关的关键词时，警示信息就会“突然出现，弹出“，提醒他们 珍惜食物，保持合理饮食。故画线词意思是“突然出现，弹出故选A。（福建省连城县第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期暑期月考英语试题）Though the job offers a handsome salary, dangling alongside multi-story s

29、tructures is dangerous, and accidents are not uncommon.However, if Israel-based company Skyline Technologies has its way, the dangerous chore may soon be taken care of by Ozmo, an intelligent window cleaning robot.B. Which of the following can best replace the phrase “has its way“ in paragraph 2?A.S

30、ucceeds.B.Hesitates.C.Struggles.D.Exists.解析：词义猜测题。根据下文 the dangerous chore may soon be taken care of by Ozmo, an intelligent window cleaning robot.可知清洗摩天大楼窗户这样的杂事可以由该公司的智能机器人来做，因此可知该公 司的这项技术应该是成功的。故选A。_省市联考题（2022 广西柳州二模）In simple terms, e-CNY can be considered money”, while electronic payments are l

31、ike wallets”. The successful launch of the e-CNY may change the existing market structure, which is mainly dominated by Alipay and WeChat Pay now. The banks may return to a leading position in the digital currency system. But Chinas central bank wont get more money into circulation, since every yuan

32、 issued digitally will basically cancel one yuan circulating in physical form.1. What does the underlined word “dominated“ in the last paragraph mean?A. designed B. accessed C. controlled D. neglected解析：词句猜测题。which指代的是先行词“the existing market structure”，根据前文The successful launch of the e-CNY may chan

33、ge the existing market structure（电子人民币的成功推出可能会改变现有的 市场结构）”以及下文“by Alipay and WeChat Pay now”及常识可知，现在的市场电子支付方式主要是以 支付宝和微信支付为主,也就是现在的市场结构由支付宝和微信支付主导或控制，因此划线词的意思是“控 制”，即 controlled,故选 Co（广西柳州三模）When the ark is complete, scientists think it could be powered by solar panels on the surface so that all the

34、 samples inside can be kept at cryogenic temperatures without the risk of being rotten over decades, if not centuries. I will also ne things like an airlock and lighting for human visitors.2：, What does the underlined word ucryogenic “ in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Mild.B. Mediate. C. Low.D. High.

35、解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“When the ark is complete, scientists think it could be powered by solar panels on the surface so that all the samples inside can be kept at”以及后文temperatures without the risk of being rotten over decades, if not centuries”可知，当方舟完成后，科学家们认为它可以由表面的太 阳能电池板提供能量，这样里面的所有样本都可以在低温下保存，而不会在几十年甚

36、至几百年里腐烂。故 画线词意思是“低的北AMild.轻微的；B.Mediate.居间的；C.Low.低的；D.High.高的。故选C。（广西南宁 一模）To accomplish the tasks, Kenney cooperates with a group of artists who work together in teams of two or three to create each sculpture. Most pieces start out as rough drafts on paper, which are then transformed onto graph pa

37、per or computer models to plan out the basic shape and size of the animal. The artists then use these blueprints as a point of reference as they click together Lego bricks to build a prototype（原型）.From start to finish, a single sculpture can take thousands of bricks and many months of labor to compl

38、ete. Some large sculptures can take up to nine months to construct.While COVID-19 may have an effect on travelling, it hasnt stopped Kenney from creating new Lego sculptures. For 2022, hes dreaming up a colorful, powerful and playfiil exhibition called Nature POP that gives the natural world a novel

39、 spin.3 ： What do the underlined words “ a novel spin ” probably mean?A. A clear definition.B. A new look.C. An extra burden.D. A fun ride.解析：词义猜测题。根据前文“While COVID-19 may have an effect on travelling, it hasn, t stopped Kenney from creating new Lego sculptures. For 2022, hes dreaming up a a colorfu

40、l, powerful and playful exhibition called nNature POP（虽然COVID-19可能会对旅行产生影响，但这并没有阻止肯尼创作新的 乐高雕塑。他正在构想一个名为“Nature POP”的“丰富多彩的、强大的、有趣的展览）”可知，这个 展览将会给世界带来一个全新的面貌，所以a novel spin为“新面貌”之意。故选B。（2022 甘肃二模）At 16, Paparella visited Summit County Children Services in Akron, Ohio, with a list of questions, trying

41、 to understand what aging out looked like. One of her questions was “What do these young people need most? ” Near the top of the list was furniture. That struck home!” say Paparella. The idea of moving into an apartment and not having a bed to sleep on or a sofa to sit on pulled at my heartstrings.4

42、： What does the underlined sentence “That struck home!” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Moving. B. Shocking. C. Amusing. D. Disappointing.解析:词句猜测题。根据后文“The idea of moving into an apartment and not having a bed to sleep on or a sofa to sit on pulled at my heartstrings.（搬进公寓，没有床睡，也没有沙发坐，这个想法牵动着我的心弦。）” 可知，这里表达的

43、是Paparella对于这里的家居装饰的震惊，所以That struck home!是指“令人震惊的”意 思。故选B。（2022 泉州二模）The Outer Hebrides are home to ScotlandJ s highest concentration of nvery remote rural, residents.When mobile libraries began operating in 1952 as a local council service, they were the main source of books for residents there. Ev

44、en now, mobile libraries still serve as a lifeline to many, residents. Without them, some residents would be more than an hour s drive from their nearest library branch. Mobile libraries remain integral to these communities. Visits by drivers like Mackenzie are sometimes the only regular face - to -

45、 face contact customers can count on in any given week.5： What does the underlined word integral in paragraph 2 mean?A. Essential.B. Familiar. C. Convenient.D. Challenging.解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Without them, some residents would be more than an hours drive from their nearest library branch.（如果没有它们，一些居民离最近

46、的图书馆分馆将有一个多小时的车 程。）”以及下文“Visits by drivers like Mackenzie are sometimes the only regular face - to - face contact customers can count on in any given week.（像麦肯齐这样的司机的来访，有时是客户在任何一周内唯一可 以指望的定期面对面接触。）”可知,这里要说的是移动图书馆对于这些社区来说是非常必要的,A. Essential. 必要的；B.Familiar.熟悉的；C.Convenient方便的；D.ChaHenging.富有挑战性的。故选择A

47、项。（2022 山西晋城市二模）A girls5 soccer team has gone from losing 20-0 each week to winning promotion to the top division-after a dad started coaching.Golden Hill got routinely thrashed every time they competed in a game. The team now win regularly and secured promotion for next year. That is thanks to Stua

48、rt Henley. The 41-year-old car valeter （代客泊车的人）, whose 14-year-old daughter plays for the team, took the job two years ago when the previous manager quit because no one else would.6： What does the underlined word “thrashed“ in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Defeated.B. Challenged.C. Trained.D. Praised

49、.解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段A girls soccer team has gone from losing 20-0 each week to winning promotion to the top division-after a dad started coaching.（在一位父亲开始执教后，一支女子足球队从每周 以0:20的比分失利，一路升入顶级联赛以及划线词的后一句The team now win regularly and secured promotion for next year.（这支球队现在经常获胜，并确保了明年的晋级。）”，可知，这支球队现在能常赢, 画线句Golden Hill got routin