03 阅读理解说明文20篇-2022-2023高一英语期末考试真题汇编（新高考专用）（原卷版）.docx

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1、专题03阅读说明文20篇经典基础题1.山东省枣庄市第八中学2022.2023学年高一上学期开学考试英语试题The Chinese government ends its one-child policy （政策）and allows families to have three children. The policy is meant to balance population development, stop a falling birth rate （出生率）and strengthen the countrys labor force （劳动力）.China, with the la

2、rgest population in the world, started the one-child policy in 1980. But the government allowed only a small number of couples to have two children. For example, some families in the countryside could have two children, if the first-born child is a girl. In 2016, the Chinese government gave other co

3、uples a chance to have two children if one of them was an only child. Because of aging of population, in 2021, it allowed families to have three children.To the newest policy, different families have different opinions. Too many young people in the cities are no longer interested in having two or th

4、ree children,an official said. People in the countryside are more interested.”At the end of 2021, China had a population of more than 1.4 billion people. A total of 900 million of them have jobs. But the labor market population will drop in 30 years. That is to say, the country will be in great need

5、 of labor by the year 2050. With the three-child policy, an increase in births can solve this problem.Boys and girls, what do you think of the three-child policy? Do you want to have new-born brothers or sisters? 24. Why does the Chinese government end the one-child policy?A. Because China needs a l

6、arger population.B. Because a falling birth rate must be stopped.C. Because most families want to have a second or third child.D. Because there will be less old people.25 How long does China take from the one-child policy to the three-child policy?A. 20 years.B. 30 years.C. more than 40 years.D. mor

7、e than 50years26. How do most young people in the cities react （反应）to the three-child policy?A. They strongly support the policy.B. They dont think it is good.C. Show how to balance our studies and activities.D. Share her goals for the coming high school year.8.河南省部分学校2022-2023学年高一上学期选调考试The State o

8、f California is depending on its forests to help cut down planet-warming CO2. But that climate-change strategy may be risky, as new research from the University of California, Irvine（UCl）reports that trees in Californias mountains and open spaces are dying from wildfires and other pressures and fewe

9、r new trees are filling the blank.“The forests are not keeping up with these large fires J said study co-author James Randerson, the Ralph J. and Carol M. Cicerone Professor of Earth system science at UCL Acrossthe whole state, tree cover area has dropped 6.7% since 1985. “These are big changes in l

10、essthan forty years/9 he said. Its the first time that researchers have been able to measure tree population fall in California, and find out the reasons（wildfires and woodcutting）.For the study, the UCI-led team used satellite data from the USGS and NASAs Landsat mission to study plant changes betw

11、een 1985 and 2021. They found that one of the most obvious falls in tree cover was in southern California, where 14% of the tree population in local mountain had disappeared, maybe everlastingly.“The ability, of forests to recover（诙复）from fire appears to be dwindling in the south J said Jonathan Wan

12、g, a researcher in Randersons research group, who led the study coming out in AGU Advances. C6At the same time, the states coverage of bushes and grasses is rising, which could mean more everlasting ecosystem shifts（生态系统转 化）“The speed and scale of fall in tree cover is different across the state. Tr

13、ee cover in the Sierra Nevada, for example, stayed relatively unchanged until around 2010, then began dropping suddenly. Fortunately, in the north, theres plenty of recovery after fire,“ said Wang, perhaps because of the areas higher rainfall and cooler temperatures. This threat（威胁、）to California cl

14、imate solutions isnt going away anytime soon J Wang said. We might be entering a new age of bigger fire and vulnerable（易受损的）forests.12. What mainly helped California cut down CO2?A. Rich forests.B. Less vehicles.C. Energy saving.D. Fine weather.13. What has caused the drop of tree cover in the past

15、few years?A. Poor soil.B. Continual floods.C. High demand for farmland and food.D. Large wildfires and peoples cutting trees.14. What does the underlined word dwindling in paragraph 4 mean?A. Suitable.B. Falling.C. Obvious.D. Boring.15. Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. Californias tr

16、ees will die out in the futureCalifornia environment will face a big challengeB. The reasonfbr California wildfires has been found outWildfires seriously threaten California tree cover9.河北省武强中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题Smart phones are greatly changing the way we walk down the street. Office workers a

17、nd young people are walking like the old as they check emails and messages.Scientists have found mobile phones make us walk more slowly, with modest steps, to avoid falling over. The leader of the study said the walk is just like someone in their eighties. Researchers found people writing a text mes

18、sage walk more than twice as slowly as those without a phone, finding it harder to stay in a straight line.The scientists examined 252 people walking while reading a text message, writing one, speaking on their phones or without their phones at all. Writing a text is the hardest activity, causing pe

19、ople to look down at their phone 46 percent more, and 45 percent longer, than when reading a message. This led people to walk 118 per cent more slowly than when they were without their phones. People walked almost a third more slowly while reading a text and 19 per cent while talking on the phone.Sm

20、art phones were found to stop people from walking in a straight line, putting them at greater risk of running into other people, cars or street lamps. This increased the need to slow down and take more careful steps.John Timmis said the idea for this study came from following someone walking down th

21、e street in the afternoon, who was walking as if he had had several drinks. I thought it was a bit early for that, then walked up alongside him and saw that he was on his phone. Simply being on the phone changes the way people walk.8. What does the underlined word “modest“ mean in the second paragra

22、ph?A. Young.B. Straight.C. Low.D. Small.9. Based on the text, who walk the most slowly?A. Those not carrying phones.B. Those writing a text message.C. Those reading a text message.D. Those speaking on their phones.10. What made people with phones take more careful steps?A. The need to walk straight.

23、B. The desire to use their phones.C. The chance of possible accidents.D. The traffic jams during rush hours.11. What made John Timmis decide to do the research?A. Seeing office workers walking like the elderly.B. Seeing people walking in the street hurriedly.C. Watching young people who were walking

24、 normally.D. watching a person who was walking in the street in a strange way.10.广东省广州市海珠区第六中学2022-2023学年高一上学期开学考试英语试题Human beings have used tools for a very long time. In some parts of the world you can still find tools that people used more than two million years ago. They made these tools by hitt

25、ing one stone against another. In this way, they broke off pieces from one of the stones. These chips of stone were usually sharp on one side. People used them for cutting meat and skin from dead animals, and also for making other tools out of wood. Human beings needed to use tools because they did

26、not have sharp teeth like other meat-eating animals, such as lions and tigers. Tools helped people to get food more easily.Working with tools also helped to develop human intelligence. The human brain grew bigger, and human beings began to invent more and more tools and machines. The stone chip was

27、one of the first tools that people used, and perhaps it is the most important. Some scientists say that it was the key to success of mankind.Since 1960, a new kind of tool has appeared. This is the silicon chip (硅芯片).It is smaller than a finger nail, but it can store lots of information. It is an el

28、ectronic brain. Every year these chips get clever, but their size gets smaller, and their cost gets less. They are used in watches, calculators and intelligent machines that we can use in many ways. In the future we will not need to work with tools in the old way. Machines will do everything for us.

29、 People will have plenty of spare time. But what will they do with it?Human beings used stone chips for more than two million years, but human life changed very little in that time. But now life is changing faster every day. What will life be like twenty years from now? What will the world be like t

30、wo million years from now?8. From paragraph 1, we can know.A. why early human beings cut skin from dead animalsB. how early human beings discovered the toolsC. what early human beings used the tools forD. what food early human beings stored9. The stone chip is thought to be the most important tool b

31、ecause it.A. was very important to the development of mankindled to the invention of machines in the early timeB. developed cooking abilities of mankind D. was one of the first tools of mankindThe silicon chip is mentioned in the passage to.A. stress the importance of the silicon chipintroduce a new

32、 kind of toolB. give an example of using toolsshow that the ability of humans to use and create tools is improved10. At the end of the passage the author seems to suggest that life in the future is.A. out of orderB. less colorfulC. hard to predict (=foretell)D. full of meanings优选提升题11.重庆市渝东六校共同体2021

33、-2022学年高一下学期联合诊断性测试英语试题“Baby signing“ classes established to improve language skills actually make little difference to childrens development, according to new research. Scholars claimed there was no evidence that the lessons-in which babies are taught simple gestures to communicate their everyday n

34、eedsenable children to talk quicker than others.In a three-year study, it was claimed that the method could make mothers more responsive to their childrens behaviors but failed to actually increase babies* vocabulary. An active home environment in which parents regularly talk to their children was m

35、uch more effective, researchers warmed. The findings will cast doubt on the movementborn in the United Stateswhich has proved hugely popular among middle-class parents.Baby signing is now a multi-million pound industry, with thousands of mothers and fathers paying for classes, books and DVDs. Young

36、children are taught simple gestures for words and phrases to communicate their everyday needs, such as milk more all gone fbod and tired”. It is claimed that the technique brings great benefits, including improving the relationship between mother and child, helping language development and even incr

37、easing a childs intelligence.But research from Hertfordshire University has found no evidence that using baby signing helps to improve their language development. The scholars added, Baby signing has become big business and mothers, particularly first-time mums or less confident parents, feel the pr

38、essure to do it. Some even think if I dont do it and everyone else does, I must be a bad mother.”Nevertheless, baby signing experts hardly sustained the findings. Wendy Moat, 45, who has been running baby signing classes for three years, said that the classes encouraged speech development, and may h

39、elp develop a higher IQ. She said, “So many mums say that their children talk so well because they did baby signing when they were babies. Parents wouldnt say it if they didnt believe it.Which of the following may help improve childrens language skills?A. Using simple words and phrases.B. Talking to

40、 them as much as possible.C. Buying them more books and DVDs.D. Creating a serious home environment.11. According to Paragraph 4, some new mothers choose baby signing classes in that.A. they are influenced by othersthey are sure of the effects of themB. they dont want to be looked down uponthey dont

41、 know how to teach their children12. The underlined word sustained” in the last paragraph means A. dislikeB. resistC. approved ofD. figured outWhats the main idea of the text?A. How to teach children to communicate effectively.B. Baby signing classes increase childrens intelligence.C. How to improve

42、 the relationship between mother and child.D. Baby signing classes fail to improve childrens language skills.12 .安徽省滁州市定远县育才学校2021-2022学年高一下学期第二次月考英语试题Art therapy（疗法）is a creative approach to improving ones life.This can be done in many ways, such as drawing, coloring, painting, sculpting and many m

43、ore art forms.These activities can help a person create a better physical, emotional and mental state.Art therapy can be especially beneficial to those who do not feel they can tell how they are feeling and instead can use different methods to express feelings and emotions.In art therapy, the patien

44、t has all the control.This can be beneficial when someone has had all control taken away from them in their trauma（仓U伤）.This allows the patients to feel powerful and more expressive, being comfortable in the unknown.Art therapy allows space for joy and connection to the inner child.When children are

45、 growing up in an unsafe environment, sometimes they cannot feel safe to play.Art therapy offers a structure with flexibility.Art therapy can be seen in different lights.Within the comfort of your own home you can draw or make claysculptures to express yourself.However, working with a licensed art t

46、herapist will be at a greater advantage to the individuals as the activities can be personalized to the persons needs.Art therapy can sometimes be administrated in a group setting which can help build connections with other people while being creative.This may be as beneficial as the creating of the

47、 art, as having healthy connections can be beneficial for fighting depression.Studies show there is a giving-off of dopamine（多巴胺）when being creative; when we do something pleasurable, the chemical makes us feel happier.This can have a positive effect when dealing with anxiety or depression and is go

48、od to self-respect.A chain event occurs where the patient comes to understand themselves on a deeper level, and consequently, communication becomes easier and emotion roadblocks are solved.12. Who can benefit from the art therapy the most?A. Those who are crazy about drawing.C. Those who like to do

49、creative activities.13. How does the art therapy help a patient?A. Offer a feeling of flexibility.C. Make the patient enjoy different art.14. What does a licensed art therapist do?A. Help the patient see different light.C. Help the patient form his own treatment.15. What does the last paragraph talk about?A. The benefits