初中英语语法教学的方法与技巧.ppt
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1、初中英语语法教学的方法与技巧主讲:李迎新关于人教版和冀教版教材的栓释l l人教版英语教材:1.更注重实际运用-尤其是听力和能力自测部2.单词量大-增加时尚词和新词,如:surftheinternet(上网)3.发音更偏重于美式-美式英语4.图画更接近美式风格。l l5.5.课本内容简单些,并与时事政治联系更为紧密,课本内容简单些,并与时事政治联系更为紧密,更适合初中生。更适合初中生。l l6.6.侧重语言应用能力,练习题贯穿于每课的内容侧重语言应用能力,练习题贯穿于每课的内容之中,涵盖了听力和写作内容的练习。之中,涵盖了听力和写作内容的练习。l l7.7.教教材材的的编编写写思思路路是是:以以
2、话话题题为为主主线线,采采用用任任务务型型语语言言教教学学模模式式,兼兼顾顾交交际际功功能能和和语语言言知知识识结结构构的的学学习习,以以一一种种循循序序渐渐进进的的生生活活化化的的学学习习程程序序,引导学生学会运用英语有目的地做事情。引导学生学会运用英语有目的地做事情。l l l l冀教版英语:l l1.内容难度比人教版大l l2.区域性强,更注重语法l l3.在对话方面的篇幅占得更多一些,所选的文章覆盖面广,但时效性不强。侧重基础性东西的学习。l l4.教材的练习题作为每个单元最后一课的内容只涵盖了一些对词汇和语法内容的考查,未体现听力内容考查。l l从单元布置上看:l l人教版七年级上下
3、册和八年级上册为12个单元,八年级下册为10个单元,九年级为全一册15个单元。l l冀教版七年级和八年级共四册,每本书8个单元,每单元8课。九年级为两册,每册6个单元,每单元同样为8课。初一教材概括初一教材概括 -七年级上七年级上Starter Unit 1 Good morning!Starter Unit 2 Whats this in English?Starter Unit 3 What color is it?Unit 1 My names Gina.Unit 2 Is this your pencil?Unit 3 This is my sister.Unit 4 Wheres m
4、y backpack?Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?Unit 6 Do you like bananas?Unit 7 How much are these pants?Unit 8 When is your birthday?Unit 9 Do you want to go to a movie?Unit 10 Can you play the guitar?Unit 11 What time do you go to school?Unit 12 My favorite subject is science.初一教材概括初一教材概括 -七年级下七年级下七
5、年级下七年级下l lUnit 1 Wheres your pen pal Unit 1 Wheres your pen pal from?from?l lUnit 2 Wheres the post office?Unit 2 Wheres the post office?l lUnit 3 Why do you like Unit 3 Why do you like koalas?koalas?l lUnit 4 I want to be an actor.Unit 4 I want to be an actor.l lUnit 5 Im watching TV.Unit 5 Im watc
6、hing TV.l lUnit 6 Its raining!Unit 6 Its raining!l lUnit 7 What does he look like?Unit 7 What does he look like?l lUnit 8 I d like some noodles.Unit 8 I d like some noodles.l lUnit 9 How was your Unit 9 How was your weekend?weekend?l lUnit 10 Where did you go on Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?
7、vacation?l lUnit 11 What do you think of Unit 11 What do you think of game shows?game shows?l lUnit 12 Dont eat in class.Unit 12 Dont eat in class.初二教材概括初二教材概括 -八年级上八年级上八年级上八年级上l lUnit 1 How often do you exercise?Unit 1 How often do you exercise?l lUnit 2 Whats the matter?Unit 2 Whats the matter?l l
8、Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?l lUnit 4 How do you get to school?Unit 4 How do you get to school?l lUnit 5 Can you come to my party?Unit 5 Can you come to my party?l lUnit 6 Im more outgoing than my sisiter.Unit 6 Im more outgoing than my sisiter.l lUn
9、it 8 How was your school trip?Unit 8 How was your school trip?l lUnit 9 When was he born?Unit 9 When was he born?l lUnit 10 Im going to be a basketball player.Unit 10 Im going to be a basketball player.l lUnit 11 Could you please clean your room?Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?l lUnit 12 Wh
10、ats the best radio station?Unit 12 Whats the best radio station?初二英语概括初二英语概括-八年级下八年级下八年级下八年级下l lUnit 1 Will people have robots?Unit 1 Will people have robots?l lUnit 2 What should I do?Unit 2 What should I do?l lUnit 3 What were you doing when the UFO Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
11、arrived?l lUnit 4 He said I was hard-working.Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.l lUnit 5 If you go to the party,youll have a Unit 5 If you go to the party,youll have a great time!great time!l lUnit 6 How long have you been collecting Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?shells?l lUnit 7 W
12、ould you mind turning down the Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?music?l lUnit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf?Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf?l lUnit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?park?l lUnit 10 Its a nice day,isnt it?Unit 10 Its
13、a nice day,isnt it?初三英语概括(全一册)l lUnit 1 How do you study for a test?Unit 1 How do you study for a test?l lUnit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark.Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark.l lUnit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
14、.own clothes.l lUnit 4 What would you do?Unit 4 What would you do?l lUnit 5 It must belong to Carla.Unit 5 It must belong to Carla.l lUnit 6 I like music that I can dance to.Unit 6 I like music that I can dance to.l lUnit 7 Where would you like to visit?Unit 7 Where would you like to visit?l lUnit 8
15、 Ill help clean up the city parks.Unit 8 Ill help clean up the city parks.l lUnit 9 When was it invented?Unit 9 When was it invented?l lUnit 10 By the time I got outside,the bus had Unit 10 By the time I got outside,the bus had already left.already left.l lUnit 11 Could you please tell me where the
16、Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?restrooms are?l lUnit 12 Youre supposed to shake hands.Unit 12 Youre supposed to shake hands.l lUnit 13 Rainy days make me sad.Unit 13 Rainy days make me sad.l lUnit 14 Have you packed yet?Unit 14 Have you packed yet?l lUnit 15 Were trying to
17、save the manatees!Unit 15 Were trying to save the manatees!新课程理念下语法教学的原则(结合新课程理念下语法教学的原则(结合具体教学案例)具体教学案例)l l1.精心设计,激发兴趣l l2.利用情景,意义先行l l(1)让学生在一个有意义的情境中理解所教的语法项目。教师只有在课堂上创设大量与所教语法有关的语境,让学生有意识地把所学的语法规则融入到实际的语言使用中,语法知识才能上升为语言能力。l l(2)让学生在较真实的语境中运用所学的语法项目进行交际性活动l l(3)待学生理解并能运用语言项目后,把学生的注意力吸引到语法规则上来,进一步
18、巩固所学内容。l l3.简约适量,循序渐进l l4.侧重归纳,适当演绎l l(1)变单纯的语法知识讲授为语法知识讲授与听、说、读、写能力的培养相结合l l(2)变以教师为中心的教学模式为以学生为中心的教学模式l l(3)变多讲少练的教学过程为学生体验和探究的学习过程l l初中英语语法教学的一般流程:示范模仿归纳运用巩固(再分别阐述这五个流程)l5.对比分析,求同存异。一方面,教师利用学生的母语知识,两种语言对比;另一方面,教师也要进行英语语法知识系统内部的比较如各种时态的对比等等。l6.了解文化,尊重习惯。l7.学生实践,促成内化。在进行语法教学时,教师应淡化对语法概念的讲解,注重对语法知识的
19、运用,引导学生在反复接触和应用所学语法规则的过程中逐步体会和感知语言规律,并形成自觉运用语法知识的习惯。目前初中英语语法教学存在的问题目前初中英语语法教学存在的问题l教学观念:l1.传统的语法教学,过分重视语法规则,在教学中“死抠”语法。l2.缺乏与新课标同步的教学理念和改革意识。l l3.教与学手段和方法单一教与学手段和方法单一l l4.缺乏灵活多样的教学技巧和对语境因素的活用能力l l5.忽视对学生实际语言能力的培养忽视对学生实际语言能力的培养l教学操作问题教学操作问题1.注重知识的传授,轻视技能训练;注重知识的传授,轻视技能训练;2.重详细讲解,轻反复练习;重详细讲解,轻反复练习;3.重
20、书面练习,轻口头练习;重书面练习,轻口头练习;4.重语法分析,轻语法使用;重语法分析,轻语法使用;5.重掌握规则,轻掌握实例。重掌握规则,轻掌握实例。新课程理念下语法教学的方法和技巧新课程理念下语法教学的方法和技巧(结合具体教学案例)(结合具体教学案例)l l直观式利用实物直观教学语法(案例:形容词副词的比较级、最高级)实例:l l教师可提前准备诸多实物待用。如:大小球,薄书和厚书,轻重两个书包,甚至可直接在班里选两对高矮、胖瘦的学生等。l lThisisasmallball.Thatsabigball.l lThisballisbiggerthanthatball.l l以此类推完成整个操练
21、过程。l l实例:l l如教现在完成时态,接着按设计的情景,利用已学的将来时和现在进行时引出现在完成时的一般疑问句,边比较,边进行听说训练。利用教室里的“门”、“窗”或“黑板”等实物进行辅助教学。l l步骤如下:l l教师指着关着的门说:教师指着关着的门说:“Imgoingtoopenthe“Imgoingtoopenthedoordoor”l l然后边开门边说:然后边开门边说:“Now“Now,ImopeningthedoorImopeningthedoor”l l门开以后,指着开着的门说:门开以后,指着开着的门说:“Ihaveopened“Ihaveopenedthedoorthedoor
22、”l l接着自问自答:接着自问自答:“HaveIopenedthedoor“HaveIopenedthedoor?YesYes,IhaveIhave”l l再问学生:再问学生:“HaveIopenedthedoor“HaveIopenedthedoor?”l l学生便会回答:学生便会回答:“Yes“Yes,youhaveyouhave”l l可用同样的方法教“Hashecleanedtheblackboard?”l l教师对一个学生说:“Pleasecleantheblackboard”l l教师指着向讲台走的学生对大家说:l l“Heisgoingtocleantheblackboard”l
23、 l然后指着那个擦黑板的学生对大家说:l“Now,hescleaningtheblackboard”l擦好以后,指着干净的黑板说:l“Hehascleanedtheblackboard”l接着问学生:“Hashecleanedtheblackboard?”l学生便回答:“Yes,hehas”l l接着进行练习、领读、师生对话、分组对话(将全班学生分成两大组,一组问,一组答,然后交换)等等。这样从听录音到分组对话,每一新句子的操练可达20遍以上。在练习时要注意的是,尽量利用图画、实物、动作等直观手段,需要精心设计真实情景。交际式通过情景交际、角色扮演等活动(案例:时态;祈使句)l l实例:如在教
24、学现在完成时实例:如在教学现在完成时havebeentohavebeento和和havehavegonetogoneto时,教师在课堂上创设语境,转入教学。时,教师在课堂上创设语境,转入教学。l l对学生对学生A A说:说:“Thereisntanychalkhere“ThereisntanychalkhereWillWillyougotomyofficeandgetsomeyougotomyofficeandgetsome”l l待学生待学生A A应声走出教室之后,教师便和全班学生进应声走出教室之后,教师便和全班学生进行如下的对话:行如下的对话:l l教师:教师:WherehasAgoneW
25、herehasAgone?l l学生:学生:HesgonetotheteschersofficeHesgonetotheteschersoffice l l教师:教师:WhatforWhatfor?l l学生:学生:TogetsomechalkTogetsomechalk l l然后引导学生彼此练习这段对话,以便每个学生然后引导学生彼此练习这段对话,以便每个学生熟悉这一用语。熟悉这一用语。l l等学生等学生A A取了粉笔回到教室以后,教师又转入另一取了粉笔回到教室以后,教师又转入另一段对话:段对话:l l 教师:教师:WherehasAbeenWherehasAbeen?l l学生:学生:He
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