高考复习：非谓语动词.ppt

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1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别高考题点击：高考题点击：Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away,_ into the woods.A.seizing,disappeared B.seized,disappeared C.seizing,disappearing D.seized,disappearing D非谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词指在句子中充当谓语的动词，有行为动词，系动行为动词，系动词，情态动词和助动词词，情态动词和助动词等几种，其中行为动词又包括及物物

2、动词和不及物动词动词和不及物动词。而谓语成分是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出指出“做什么做什么”、“是什么是什么”或或“怎么样怎么样”.谓谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。语动词的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由动词构成，依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简简单谓语和复合谓语单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态，语态，语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语。在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有:动词不定式（the Infinitive）:to do动名词动名词（the Gerund）:doing现在分词现在分词（the Present P

3、articiple）:doing过去分词（the Past Participle）:done一、形式一、形式 主动主动被动被动 一般式一般式 进行式进行式 完成式完成式一般式一般式完成式完成式不定式不定式动名词、动名词、现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词 二、功能二、功能主主宾宾表表定定状状补补不定式不定式动名词动名词分词分词to doto be doing to have done to be doneto have been donedoinghaving done being donehaving been donedone三三 判断过程判断过程 ：1.1.根据非谓语动词的位置判断其充当的

4、根据非谓语动词的位置判断其充当的成分成分2.2.根据成分进行根据成分进行功能功能比较比较3.3.根据逻辑主语判断非谓语动词的根据逻辑主语判断非谓语动词的主被动关系主被动关系4.4.根据与所在句子的谓语动词的比较发生的先根据与所在句子的谓语动词的比较发生的先后决定非谓语动词的后决定非谓语动词的时态时态四四 成分判定：成分判定：1.Here you can see an old church built in 1819.2.2.His excuse sounds to be quite convincing.3.It took(us)five hours to get here.4.She was

5、 glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery.5.Standing on the tower,we could see the whole city.6.Can you tell me how to get to the station?7.What I would suggest is to start work at once.8.-What has made Tina excited recently?-_(admit)into a key university.定语定语表语表语主语主语宾补宾补状语状语宾语宾语表语

6、表语主语主语Being admitted1.Here you can see an old church built in 1819.2.2.His excuse sounds to be quite convincing.3.It took(us)five hours to get here.4.She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery.5.Standing on the tower,we could see the whole city.6.Can you tell me how to get to

7、 the station?7.What I would suggest is to start work at once.（一）不定式、动名词做主语的区别：（一）不定式、动名词做主语的区别：1 1、动名词充当的主语一般表示抽象的、动名词充当的主语一般表示抽象的、一般的、经常性的一般的、经常性的行为。行为。不定式表将来的不定式表将来的特定、具体的一次特定、具体的一次性的行为。性的行为。2 2、在某些并行结构中，动名词和不定式是特定的对称结构，一、在某些并行结构中，动名词和不定式是特定的对称结构，一 般不能随意替换：般不能随意替换：eg.Seeing is believing.To learn i

8、s to use.2)2)在某些在某些ItIt做形式主语的固定句式中做形式主语的固定句式中eg.It is no good/use drinking so much.It is not easy（for Tom）to find a job.注意：注意：There is no need to do sth.There is no need to do sth.（二）不定式、动名词作宾语的区别：（二）不定式、动名词作宾语的区别：1 1、动名词表一般、经常性的行为，不定式表特定的、具体行为。、动名词表一般、经常性的行为，不定式表特定的、具体行为。eg.I like swimming,but I do

9、nt like to swim today.1)advise,consider,enjoy,escape,excuse,delay,deny,dislike,finish,keep,include,miss,mind,practise,stand,suggest,risk,imagine,admit,cant help+doing2)agree,dare,decide,hope,determine,elect,choose,expect,fail,long,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,wish+to do有些及物动词可接动名词和不定式，但意

10、义不同。有些及物动词可接动名词和不定式，但意义不同。rememberforgetregretstopgo ontry meanneedwantrequire（三）非谓语动词（三）非谓语动词作表语作表语的区别：的区别：1.1.不定式作表语表示不定式作表语表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿目的、愿望、梦想、需求望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式2.2.动名词作表语一般用来表示动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业身份、职业”等。等。3.3.分词作表语起到形容词的作用分词作表语起到形容词的作用eg.Our plan is t

11、o finish the work at once.Her job was looking after the pigs.His report is interesting.The The cups are broken.1.不定式作定语表示将来，不定式作定语表示将来，要后置要后置；2.现在分词作定语表动作现在分词作定语表动作正发生正发生，动名词作定语表其性能，用途；，动名词作定语表其性能，用途；3.过去分词作定语表动作过去分词作定语表动作发生过；发生过；eg.a meeting to be held tomorrow a meeting being held nowa meeting hel

12、d yesterdaya sleeping cara sleeping boya room to live ina broken cup（四）非谓语动词（四）非谓语动词作定语作定语的区别：的区别：1.动词不定式作补语表示经常动词不定式作补语表示经常习惯性的动作，或动作全过程习惯性的动作，或动作全过程2.现在分词作补语表示动作现在分词作补语表示动作正在发生正在发生3.过去分词作补语过去分词作补语表示被动表示被动,发生过发生过eg.see Tom dance in the room everyday see Tom dancing in the room now see Tom beaten by

13、 his father（五）分词、不定式（五）分词、不定式作补语作补语的区别的区别：Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learnB.to learnC.learnedD.learning使役动词使役动词 make sb.do sth.但改为被动语态后，则应为：但改为被动语态后，则应为：be made to do。注意。注意使役动词和感官动词后的补足语中不带使役动词和感官动词后的补足语中不带to的动词不定式在被动语态中要加的动词不定式在被动语态中要加to。B（六）不定式和分词作状语的区别：（六）不定式和分词作状语的区别：1.

14、不定式作状语通常表示不定式作状语通常表示目的、结果（目的、结果（only to）、及形容词后、及形容词后作原因状语。作原因状语。2.分词作状语表示时间、条件、原因、或伴随方式。分词作状语表示时间、条件、原因、或伴随方式。eg.To get there on time，I got up very early.Guided by the Party,he found the right way.Being very small,computers are widely used.You are brave enough to raise objections at meeting.解题步骤：解题步

15、骤：1.1.根据非谓语动词的位置判断其充当的根据非谓语动词的位置判断其充当的成分成分2.2.根据成分进行根据成分进行功能功能比较比较3.3.根据逻辑主语判断非谓语动词的根据逻辑主语判断非谓语动词的主被动关系主被动关系4.4.根据与所在句子的谓语动词的比较发生的先根据与所在句子的谓语动词的比较发生的先后决定非谓语动词的后决定非谓语动词的时态时态六六 根据非谓语动词的逻辑主语判断主被动关系根据非谓语动词的逻辑主语判断主被动关系1._(cheat)by others made him angry.2._(see)from the tower,we can find a beautiful garde

16、n.3._(see)from the tower,the garden looks very beautiful.4.According to the survey _(conduct)recently,our society is faced with the crisis of honesty.5.It is not easy for us to _(finish)the task in a month.6.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _(carry)out the next year.Being

17、cheated otherswethe garden surveyusplanSeeing Seen conducted carried finish非谓语动词和非谓语动词和逻辑主语逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，非谓语动词用主动形之间是主谓关系，非谓语动词用主动形式，是动宾关系，用被动形式式，是动宾关系，用被动形式七 非谓语动词时态的判定：1.非谓语动词与谓语动词非谓语动词与谓语动词同时或之后发生，用一般式同时或之后发生，用一般式2.非谓语动词发生在谓语动词非谓语动词发生在谓语动词之前用完成式之前用完成式3.动词不定式动词不定式正在发生用进行式正在发生用进行式 先语态，后时态先语态，后时态1.Wit

18、h a lot of work to deal with,the new president was quite busy.2.With the boy leading the way,we had no difficulty in finding his house.3.With her hair electrified,she looks older than her age.4.With the lights off,Jack fell asleep.5.With the lights closed,Jack fell asleep.with+n./pron.+doing/done/to

19、 do sth./adj./adv./介词短语介词短语独立主格结构独立主格结构名词名词/代词代词+分词分词/不定式不定式/形容词副词形容词副词/介词短语介词短语特征：1.独立结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不同，独立存在。独立结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不同，独立存在。2.名词名词/代词和后面的分词代词和后面的分词/不定式不定式/形容词副词形容词副词/介词短语之间介词短语之间是主谓关系。是主谓关系。3.独立主格结构与主句之间有逗号隔开。独立主格结构与主句之间有逗号隔开。The test finished,we began our holiday=When the test was finished,we

20、began our holiday.Whether permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.=If the whether permits,we are going to.解题步骤总结：解题步骤总结：1.先特殊（对称，分词作介词连词），后一般先特殊（对称，分词作介词连词），后一般2.根据非谓语所在位置判断成分。根据非谓语所在位置判断成分。3.根据成分决定非谓语类型根据成分决定非谓语类型4.先语态，后时态先语态，后时态2.Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some school

21、s for poor children.A.set upB.setting upC.have set up D.having set up3.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving makingB.to solving made C.to solve makingD.to solve madeBB要特别注意要特别注意 to 的词性

22、，分析其为介词还是不定式。的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式。admit to，be accustomed to习惯于习惯于，be used to，stick to，turn to着手着手，devote oneself to，be devoted to，look forward to，pay attention to,get down to 认真考虑；着手处理认真考虑；着手处理等等 高考题点击：高考题点击：1.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.(95 N)A.not toB.not

23、to doC.not to itD.do not toA为了避免重复，常用省略形式为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。如：来代替前面的动作。如：Would you like to visit our school?Yes,Id like to.有些动词后面需要用带有些动词后面需要用带to的不定式作宾补，常见的还的不定式作宾补，常见的还有：有：adviseallowcauseconsider encourage forbid forceintendorder permitpersuade remind request requireurge warn ask wish want

24、等等特别注意：特别注意：hope,agree,demand,suggest 等没有宾补。等没有宾补。1.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.A.ride rideB.riding ride C.ride to rideD.to ride riding注意注意 prefer 的几个常用句型：的几个常用句型：prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.prefer doing sth.to doing sth.prefer+n.to+n.c1._ in thought,he almos

25、t ran into the car in front of him.A.LosingB.Having lostC.LostD.To lose 2._ the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A.GivenB.To giveC.GivingD.Having given3.He sent me an E-mail,_ to get further information.A.hopedB.hopingC.to hopeD.hopelose oneself in st

26、h.表示表示“陷入陷入”，主语，主语 he 为为 lose 的宾语。的宾语。given 作状语意为作状语意为“考虑到考虑到”，意思相当于，意思相当于 considering。注意注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的面的 to get。CAB非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：A)不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：在在 time,chance,right 等名词后；等名词后；在序数词后；在序数词后；在在 wish,need,demand,requirement

27、 等词后。等词后。B)表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：done 表示已经完成的动作表示已经完成的动作 to be done 表示尚未开始的动作表示尚未开始的动作 being done 表示正在进行之中的动作表示正在进行之中的动作高考题点击：高考题点击：Fishing is his favorite hobby,and _.A.hed like to collect coins as well B.he feels like collecting coins,too C.to collect coins is also his hobby D.co

28、llecting coins also gives him great pleasure 在在 and 连接的并列句中，两个主语要保持一致的形式。动名词连接的并列句中，两个主语要保持一致的形式。动名词 fishing 和和 collecting coins 分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼钓鱼是他的爱好，集硬币也给他带来极大的乐趣。是他的爱好，集硬币也给他带来极大的乐趣。”D 高考题点击：高考题点击：1.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to

29、 finish a report.A.to go B.having goneC.goingD.to have gone2.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studiedB.to study C.to be studyingD.to have been studyingDA would love to have done 表示本想去做，但没做成。表示本想去做，但没做成。本题的关键是本题的关键是“what country he studied in”，由此可知，由此可知事情发生

30、在过去。事情发生在过去。1.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(02 上海春季)A.settledB.settlingC.to settleD.being settled with+n./pron.+O.C.构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。用状语。用 settled 表示已经解决了的问题；用表示已经解决了的问题；用 being settled 表示正在被解决的问题；用表示正在被解决的问题；用 to be settled 表示将

31、表示将要被解决的问题。而此处的要被解决的问题。而此处的 to settle 是用来作定语修饰是用来作定语修饰前面的前面的 problems。C3.Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears _ everything.A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.

32、to seeB.to be seenC.seeingD.seen本题中母亲被告知真相显然发生在以前，所以你现在没有本题中母亲被告知真相显然发生在以前，所以你现在没有必要再隐瞒了。必要再隐瞒了。remain 后接后接 to do，此处，此处 it 指代的是后面的主语从句。指代的是后面的主语从句。他们是否喜欢有待于观察，此处应为被动。他们是否喜欢有待于观察，此处应为被动。DB高考题点击：高考题点击：1.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B

33、.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt 该题的谓语动词是该题的谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很香闻起来很香”用来作定语修用来作定语修饰饰主语主语 flowers。B2.The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.having hung B.hanging C.hangsD.being hung3.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.A.to be chosenB.to choose from C.to chooseD.for choos

34、ingBBhang 作及物动词用时表示人为的作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂挂”；作不及物动词用；作不及物动词用时时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的 hang 为不及物动为不及物动词，所以用现在分词作定语。词，所以用现在分词作定语。动词不定式动词不定式 to choose from 和和 to choose 都可以作定语，问题都可以作定语，问题是是 to choose 作定语时该名词是作定语时该名词是 choose 的对象；的对象；to choose from 作定语时，该名词是作定语时，该名词是 choose 的范围。该题指的是范围的范围。该题指的是范围.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not makeB.not to makeC.not making D.do not makeB动词不定式短语动词不定式短语 to make life easier 及及 not to make it more difficult 都作都作 purpose 的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特别注意两个问题，一是并行结构问题，二是时间问题。别注意两个问题，一是并行结构问题，二是时间问题。