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1、冬天已经来临,春天还会远吗?If winter has already come,can spring be far behind?现在完成时教学目标教学目标v现在完成时态的概念v现在完成时态的结构v现在完成时态的否定,疑问形式v现在完成时态的用法v现在完成时态与一般过去式的比较v现在完成时态与中考链接1.现在完成时的概念1)表示)表示过去发生过去发生或或已完成已完成的动作的动作对现在对现在造成的影响或结造成的影响或结果;果;Ihavealreadyfinishedthehomework.2)表示过去已经开始并表示过去已经开始并一直持续一直持续到现在的动作或状态。到现在的动作或状态。Hehas
2、learnedEnglishsince2001.pastnowfuture现在完成时现在完成时(一般过去式一般过去式)(现在进行时现在进行时)(一般将来时一般将来时)你理解了你理解了吗?吗?2.现在完成时的结构v现在完成时的构成:vhave/has+done助动词助动词过去分词过去分词主语+have/has+过去分词+宾语+状语have:第一、二第一、二/复数复数has:第三人称单数第三人称单数规则动词:规则动词:不规则动词不规则动词重点1:写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词vWork_vLive_vStay_vStop_vdestroy_vStudy_worked workedlived liv
3、edstayed stayedstopped stoppeddestroyed destroyedstudied studied规则动词v(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。vwork-worked-worked,visit-visited-visitedv(2)以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。vlive-lived-livedv(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将y变为i,再加“ed”。vstudy-studied-studied,cry-cried-criedv(4)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。vstop-stopped-stopped,
4、drop-dropped-dropped不规则动词vAAA型costcostcost;cutcutcutvAAB型beatbeatbeatenvABA型runranrun;vcomecamecomevbecomebecamebecomevABB型buyboughtbought;buildbuiltbuiltvABC型beginbeganbegun;vchoosechosechosen3.现在完成时的否定与疑问v现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词have或has后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。否定句疑问句Ihavenot(havent)studied.HaveIstudied?Youh
5、avenot(havent)studied.Haveyoustudied?Hehasnot(hasnt)studied.Hashestudied?v例题例题v1.IhavebeentoShanghaibefore.(改为否定句)vI_beentoShanghaibefore.v2.Hehasntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(就划线部分提问)v_hecometoschool?havenotWhyhasnt重点2:现在完成时态的否定与疑问比较havegoneto和havebeento/inHehasgonetoShanghai.他他(已经已经)去上海了。去上海了。Heh
6、asbeentoShanghai.他他(曾经曾经)去过上海。去过上海。have(has)beeninv表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since,for,howlong等。例如:vMr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.v布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。小结1重点3vhave/hasgoneto:已经去了或在途中,还没有返回;vhave/hasbeento:曾今去过某地,现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语;vhave/hasbeenin:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间,现仍在那里”,其后常带表示一段时间的状语。1.where i
7、s Jim?He Wuhan.2.My parents the great Wall twice.They like there very much.3.you ever to the Happy valley?4.How long Peter the West City?5.My sister the shop.She will be back in two hours.6.She Shanghai.She isnt here.7.She Shanghai.She is here.hasgonetohavebeentoHavebeentohasbeeninhasgonetohasgoneto
8、hasbeentov1.Janehas_toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.vA.beenB.goneC.wentv2.Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?v-Sorry.He_theBainiaoPark.vA.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttov3.-_youever_totheUS?v-Yes,twice.vA.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goBBB中考链接中考链接1:4.现在完成时的用法v1)现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成说话之前已经完成的动作
9、的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响结果或影响。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达)通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just,already,before,yet,never,ever ,two times等状语连用。例如:vMydaughterhasjustgoneout.v我女儿刚出去。vImsurewevemetbefore.v我肯定我们以前见过面。vHaveyoumilkedthecowyet?v牛奶的奶挤了吗?vIhaveneverheardthatbefore.v我从没听说过。vv2)表示持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间
10、的状语连用,如recently,lately,for,since,等。如:vWehaventseenyourecently.v最近我们没有见到你。vTheyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.v他们离开已经两年了。vShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.v她从周一开始就跟我们在一起了。小结小结2-现在完成时的关键词:-重点重点4before,bynow,sofar到目前为止到目前为止,once,twice,just,(justnow要用过去时态要用过去时态)recently,uptonow,intherecent+时间段时间段在最近的多长时间里在最近的多长时间里y
11、et(否否/疑疑),already(肯肯),ever,never,eversincethenalloneslife,tillnowin/duringthepast/last5years,在刚刚过去在刚刚过去的多长时间里的多长时间里Exercisesv1.I_(have)lunchalready.v2.Hasthetrain_(arrive),yet?v3.Tome_never_(beto)China.v4.Thetwin_just_(see)myfather.v5.Thetwins_(see)myfatherjustnow.v6.Manytallbuildings_(build)inthepa
12、st5years.have hadarrivedhasbeen tohasseensawhave been builtsince和for的区别v注意:a)vsince后接时间点,如1993,lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgotthere,Tuesday,October-“自从”vfor后接一段时间,表示“长达多久”,如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。-“长达”v注意:b)v表示短暂意义的动词如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等,在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用(不能和since,for,howlon
13、g连用)。短暂性动词重点5:since和for的区别v1.JimhasbeeninIreland_Monday.v2.JillhasbeeninIreland_threedays.v3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia_15days.v4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_7oclock.v5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry_1974.v6.Thebusislate.Theyvebeenwaiting_20minutes.v7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemp
14、ty_manyyears.v8.Mikehasbeenill_alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital_October.sincesincesincesinceforforforforfor5.现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较v1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,过去的事情,强调动作强调动作;v现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,在的影响,强调影响强调影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.Ihaveseenthisfi
15、lm.v一般过去时一般过去时常与常与具体的表示过去的时间具体的表示过去的时间状状语连用语连用;v现在完成时通常与现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语连用,连用,或无时间状语。或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek,ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,-具体的时间状语具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语
16、v2)一般过去时)一般过去时常与常与具体的表示过去的时间具体的表示过去的时间状语连用状语连用;v现在完成时通常与现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语连用,连用,或无时间状语。或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek,ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,-具体的时间状语具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语
17、3)现在完成时)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是动词一般是延续性的延续性的,如,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。等。用法用法二二.过去某一时间点发生的动作持续过去某一时间点发生的动作持续 到现在或还将持到现在或还将持 续下去。续下去。用法用法一一.过去某一时间点发生的动作对现在产生影响。过去某一时间点发生的动作对现在产生影响。IhavelearnedEn
18、glishfortenyears.IhavelearnedEnglishfortenyears.Wehavevisitedyourschoolbefore.Wehavevisitedyourschoolbefore.Hehaslosthiskeytohisbike.Hehaslosthiskeytohisbike.HehaslivedinLondonsincetenyearsHehaslivedinLondonsincetenyearsago.ago.小结小结3-现在完成时用法:现在完成时用法:v用法二用法二:(1)for+段时间段时间(forayearfortwoweeksforthreey
19、ears)=since+段时间段时间ago(2)since+点时间点时间(3)since+句子(过去时)句子(过去时)E.g.Katehaslivedherefor3years.Katehaslivedheresince3yearsagoago.KatehaslivedheresinceshecametoChina.表示过去某个时间开始的动作表示过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现或存在的状态,一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与使用延续性动词。常与forfor或或sincesince引导的时间连用引导的时间连用vHehascomeh
20、erefor2years.vTheoldmanhasdiedfor4months.vTheyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.v以上三句话可以改为:vHehasbeenherefor2years.vTheoldmanhas_for4months.vTheyhave_onlyfor5minutesbeendeadbeenaway/out错错错错错错6.现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词区别与转换 英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,(1)终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave,come等,
21、表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即终止性动词终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+,for+时间段时间段,since+since+时间点时间点/从句连用从句连用,也不能用在也不能用在how longhow long引导的特引导的特殊疑问句。那么殊疑问句。那么延续性动词就可以与延续性动词就可以与for+时间段时间段,since+时间点时间点/从句连用从句连用,也不能用在也不能用在howlong引导的特殊疑问引导的特殊疑问句句。小结小结4.-二者的转换二者的转换终止性动词要表示持续时终止性动词要表示持续时,
22、可用以下方法可用以下方法:.将时间状语改为时间段将时间状语改为时间段+ago,句中谓语动词用一般过句中谓语动词用一般过去时去时.我弟弟参军两年了我弟弟参军两年了.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.若保留若保留for+时间段时间段,since+时间点时间点/从句从句,或用在或用在howlong句型中句型中,则需将则需将终止性动词改为终止性动词改为相应的相应的状态动词或延状态动词或延续性动词续性动词。come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open finish/end-be over die-be dead
23、close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away(from)buy-have fall asleep-be asleep get to know-knowend/finish-be over get married-be married catch/get a cold-have a cold get up-be up join the army-be in the army/be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party/be a Part
24、y member 常见终止性动词与延续性动词常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词或状态动词)的对应关系的对应关系如下如下:常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变-重点重点6.varrive/come/gotodievbecome(a)()borrowvleave/getoutvbuyopenvjoinvstart/beginfinish/endvcatchacoldgetupvgettoknowgetoutvclosewakeupvgotosleepvbecomeinterestedinbeinbedeadhavekeepbeaway/beoutbeabein/
25、amemberofbeopenbeonbeoverhaveacoldbeupknowbeoutbeclosedbeawakebeasleep/sleepbeinterestedinExercises vHisfatherhasdied.(for2years)vThefootballmatchhasbegun.(since9:00a.m)vThetwinshavejoinedthearmy.(sincetheyare18yearsold)vMyteacherhasjustleftNanjing.(for3days)Hisfatherhas been deadfor2years.Thefootba
26、llmatchhas been onsince9:00a.m.Thetwinshave been soldiers/been in the armysincetheyare18yearsold.Myteacherhas been away from Nanjingfor3days重点句型重点句型链接中考链接中考2:-重点重点7.Itis/hasbeen+段时间段时间+since从句从句段时间段时间+haspassed+since从句从句eg.他死了两年了:1.Hediedtwoyearsago.2.Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears/sincetwoyearsago3.Itist
27、woyearssincehedied.4.Ithasbeentwoyearssincehedied.5.Twoyearshaspassedsincehedied.1、吉姆买了这只钢笔两年了。buy-haveJimboughtthispentwoyearsago.Jim has had this pen for two years.Jim has had this pen since two years ago.It is two years since Jim bought this pen.It has been two years since Jim bought this pen.Two
28、 years has passed since Jim bought this pen.v1.这本书我借了一个月了。Iborrowedthisbookamonthago.ItisamonthsinceIborrowedthebook.IthasbeenamonthsinceIborrowedthebook.Ihavekeptthebookforamonth./sinceamonthago.AmonthhaspassedsinceIborrowedthebook.改错:v1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3months.v2.Mybotherhasjoinedthearmysin
29、cehewas18.v3.JackandTomhavelivedheresince5years.v4.ThefilmhasbeenonsinceIhavecometothecinema.v5.WhenhasMr.Licaughtabadcold?havekepthasbeenin/beenamemberofthearmysince5yearsago/for5yearscamedidcatchv6.Tenyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.v7.JimhasgonetoBeijingfor2years.v8.Whenhavethefactoryopened?v9
30、.IhavegonetoChunhuaMiddleSchooltwicehashasbeenindidopenbeentoA:.A:.GoodafternoonGoodafternoon,doctor.B:Goodafternoon.Whatswrongwithyou?B:Goodafternoon.Whatswrongwithyou?A:Ihavegotacough.Icoughallthetime.A:Ihavegotacough.Icoughallthetime.B:B:Haveyou_yourtemperature?temperature?A:Yes,itseemstobeallrig
31、ht.A:Yes,itseemstobeallright.B:B:Howlonghaveyou_likethis?A:_yesterdaymorning.A:_yesterdaymorning.B:Haveyouhadanythingtoeatthismorning?B:Haveyouhadanythingtoeatthismorning?A:No.Idontfeellike_.A:No.Idontfeellike_.B:Theresnothingserious.TakethismedicineB:Theresnothingserious.Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.Youllbe_soon.threetimesaday.Youllbe_soon.A:Thankyou,doctor.Goodbye.A:Thankyou,doctor.Goodbye.B:GoodbyeB:Goodbye.中考链接中考链接9-交际填空交际填空课后作业课后作业:英语榜中榜模拟试题。英语榜中榜模拟试题。Thank you!
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