写作六步法.ppt

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1、高考英语作文高考英语作文Revision 考生应能：考生应能：(1)(1)准确使用语法和词汇；准确使用语法和词汇；(2)(2)使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表 达自己的意思。达自己的意思。根据高考英语大纲：根据高考英语大纲：uu根据所给情景根据所给情景,用英语写一篇约用英语写一篇约100100个单个单词左右的短文词左右的短文.uu情景包括目的情景包括目的,对象对象,时间时间,地点地点,内容等内容等.uu提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等uStep1Step1 仔细审题仔细审题 体裁与格式体裁与格式 人人 称称 基本时态基

2、本时态 uStep2.Step2.理清要点理清要点列出文章要点，以避免遗漏内容。列出文章要点，以避免遗漏内容。uStep3.Step3.译写单句译写单句将所列要点用贴切地道的英语句子表达出来，将所列要点用贴切地道的英语句子表达出来，要注意：选用自己有把握的词汇和句型，要注意：选用自己有把握的词汇和句型，切忌中式英语。切忌中式英语。uStep4.Step4.连句成篇连句成篇选用适当的关联词，将单句有机的串联起来。选用适当的关联词，将单句有机的串联起来。切忌句子的简单罗列！切忌句子的简单罗列！uStep5.Step5.检查润色检查润色检查修改：格式、内容、检查修改：格式、内容、语言、语法错误语言、

3、语法错误 加工润色：加工润色：o 使用一些高级词汇来替换普通词汇；使用一些高级词汇来替换普通词汇；o 使用不同句式使用不同句式o 调整布局调整布局uStep6.Step6.定稿誊写定稿誊写 将写好的作文抄写在指定的区域内，字迹将写好的作文抄写在指定的区域内，字迹 要工整，书写要规范，注意字母大小写以及要工整，书写要规范，注意字母大小写以及 标点符号等。标点符号等。高考英语作文高考英语作文“六步法六步法”评分原则评分原则（以（以25分作文为例）分作文为例）uu1.1.根据文章的内容和语言初步确定档次根据文章的内容和语言初步确定档次,衡衡量调整后量调整后,最后给分最后给分.第第5 5档档(21(2

4、12525分分)第第4 4档档(16(162020分分)第第3 3档档(11(111515分分)第第2 2档档(6(61010分分)第第1 1档档(1(15 5分分)uu2.2.词数少于词数少于8080和多于和多于120120的的,从总分中减去从总分中减去 2 2分分.uu3.3.评分的主要内容评分的主要内容:内容要点内容要点,应用词汇和语应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性法结构的数量和准确性,上下文的连贯性上下文的连贯性.uu4.4.拼写和标点符号拼写和标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面是语言准确性的一个方面.uu5.5.书写书写较差较差,以至影响交际以至影响交际,将分数降低一个将分数降低一个档次

5、档次.uu完成试题规定的任务完成试题规定的任务uu覆盖所有的内容要点覆盖所有的内容要点uu应用了较多的语法结构和词汇应用了较多的语法结构和词汇uu语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽但为尽量使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致量使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致,具具备较强的语言应用能力备较强的语言应用能力uu有效地使用了语句间的连接成分有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使文章使文章结构紧凑结构紧凑,达到预期的写作目的达到预期的写作目的.第第5 5档档(21(212525分分)设计别具一格的主题句设计别具一格的主题句e.g.（NMET 2004 北京北京 春春 Changes i

6、n our life）在过去的大约二十年中，我们的生活发生了很大的变化。在过去的大约二十年中，我们的生活发生了很大的变化。Our life has changed greatly in the past twenty years or so.Over the past twenty years or so,great changes have taken place in our life.A good beginning A good beginning is half done.is half done.布局谋篇别出心裁布局谋篇别出心裁v运用不同的句式运用不同的句式评分原则：评分原则：3.

7、3.评分的主要内容评分的主要内容:内容要点内容要点,应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性 上下文的连贯性上下文的连贯性.简单句：简单句：q S +be +Predicative(S +be +Predicative(表语）表语）q S +vi.+(Adverbial)(S +vi.+(Adverbial)(状语）状语）q S +S +vtvt.+Object(.+Object(宾语）宾语）q S +S +vtvt.+I.O.(.+I.O.(间宾）间宾）+D.O.+D.O.（直宾）直宾）q S +S +vtvt.+O+O.C.+O+O.C.（宾语补足语）宾语补足语）并

8、列句：并列句：I have got a cold,I have got a cold,soso I Im going to bed.m going to bed.Some people love dogs,Some people love dogs,whilewhile others hate them.others hate them.复合句复合句名词性从句名词性从句形容词性从句形容词性从句副词性从句副词性从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句倒装句倒装句 强调句强调句感叹句感叹句There beThere be 句型句型 S

9、he knows English well and it can help her in She knows English well and it can help her in learning French.learning French.(并列句）并列句）She knows English well,which can help her in learning French.Her knowing English well can help her in learning French.That she knows English well can help her in learni

10、ng French.v适当添加信息适当添加信息语篇中可适当添加信息，使文章充满创新精神。语篇中可适当添加信息，使文章充满创新精神。写作时不必拘泥于文字限制而不敢越雷池一步。写作时不必拘泥于文字限制而不敢越雷池一步。如写信时可加适当的问候语或结束语；议论文中如写信时可加适当的问候语或结束语；议论文中在结尾处对自己的观点进行总结等。但是，在结尾处对自己的观点进行总结等。但是，切忌过多地添加与文章无关的信息。切忌过多地添加与文章无关的信息。Im looking forward to hearing from you!Im looking forward to hearing from you!词汇选

11、择标新立异词汇选择标新立异词汇选择体现了作者的词汇能力和英语的整体水平，历届高考词汇选择体现了作者的词汇能力和英语的整体水平，历届高考高分作文都得益于高级词汇的选择和正确应用。所谓高级词汇高分作文都得益于高级词汇的选择和正确应用。所谓高级词汇并不是越难越好，越长越好，其主要是指那些表达地道而不易并不是越难越好，越长越好，其主要是指那些表达地道而不易被大部分考生想到用的表达方式，如复合词，介词结构等。被大部分考生想到用的表达方式，如复合词，介词结构等。我很高兴提供帮助。我很高兴提供帮助。I would be very glad to help you.I would be more than g

12、lad to help you.我的家乡正在建设一条新铁路。我的家乡正在建设一条新铁路。A new railway is being built in my hometown.A new railway is under construction in my hometown.连接词语承上启下连接词语承上启下3.3.评分的主要内容评分的主要内容:内容要点内容要点,应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性,上下文的连贯性上下文的连贯性.考生应根据内容，按照时间先后、空间顺序、逻辑关系、考生应根据内容，按照时间先后、空间顺序、逻辑关系、前因后果等，弄清所写内容之间的关系，适

13、当加以调整，然后前因后果等，弄清所写内容之间的关系，适当加以调整，然后加入适当的过渡词，串句成文，从而使文章前后过渡自然，环环加入适当的过渡词，串句成文，从而使文章前后过渡自然，环环相扣，层次清晰，逻辑分明。相扣，层次清晰，逻辑分明。注意：不可滥用，以致喧宾夺主。注意：不可滥用，以致喧宾夺主。e.g.（NMET 2002 讨论：公园要不要收门票）讨论：公园要不要收门票）Charging entrances fees will no doubt keep some people away.Whats more,it will become necessary to build gates and

14、 walls(依据前后关系，本句运用了表示递进关系的依据前后关系，本句运用了表示递进关系的whats more，从而进一步阐述自己的理由。）从而进一步阐述自己的理由。）On the other hand,40%think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardenersand other workers（本句运用了表示承上启下的（本句运用了表示承上启下的on the other hand,从而使从而使所写内容过渡自然，所写内容过渡自然，段落划分得当，层次分明。）段落划分得当，层次分明。）你能给出其他的常用的连

15、接词吗？你能给出其他的常用的连接词吗？要点表达扬长避短要点表达扬长避短在写作过程中，常常遇到个别词语或句型不会表达或在写作过程中，常常遇到个别词语或句型不会表达或不熟悉，这时不能生搬硬套，应尽量采用化长为短，不熟悉，这时不能生搬硬套，应尽量采用化长为短，作些解释或寻找意思相近的自己熟悉的词语或句型作些解释或寻找意思相近的自己熟悉的词语或句型来代替等方法解决问题。来代替等方法解决问题。e.g.公园是公众休闲的地方。公园是公众休闲的地方。休闲休闲_?我们可以这样处理：我们可以这样处理：A park is a place where people can rest and enjoy themsel

16、ves.积累词汇促进写作积累词汇促进写作近义词近义词重要句型重要句型固定搭配和固定搭配和习语习语e.g.有志者事竟成。有志者事竟成。Where there is a will,there is a way.趁热打铁。趁热打铁。Strike while the iron is hot.没有付出，就没有收获。没有付出，就没有收获。No pains,no gains.Many drops make a shower.Many drops make a shower.提高文采策略 布局谋篇别出心裁布局谋篇别出心裁 设计别具一格的主题句；设计别具一格的主题句；运用不同的句式；运用不同的句式；适当添加信息

17、。适当添加信息。词汇选择标新立异词汇选择标新立异 连接词语承上启下连接词语承上启下 要点表达扬长避短要点表达扬长避短 积累词汇促进写作积累词汇促进写作书面表达书面表达(满分满分2525分分)假设你是李越假设你是李越,离的加拿大笔友离的加拿大笔友SteveSteve来信说来信说,他和他的他和他的一些同学正在学中文一些同学正在学中文,请你推荐两本学中文的词典请你推荐两本学中文的词典.根据根据下表提供的信息下表提供的信息,请你给他写一封回信请你给他写一封回信.范文赏析：范文赏析：参考词汇参考词汇:推荐推荐 recommend(V.)recommend(V.)英汉英汉/汉英词典汉英词典 The Eng

18、lish-Chinese/The English-Chinese/Chinese-English Dictionary(ECCED)Chinese-English Dictionary(ECCED)新华字典新华字典 Xinhua Dictionary(XD)Xinhua Dictionary(XD)注意注意:词数词数:100:100左右左右Dear Steve,Dear Steve,_ Yours,Yours,Li Li YueYue Dear Steve,Dear Steve,Thank you very much for your last letter which asked Thank

19、 you very much for your last letter which asked me something about how to choose a dictionary for learning me something about how to choose a dictionary for learning Chinese.Here I strongly recommend you the following two Chinese.Here I strongly recommend you the following two which may be useful to

20、 you.which may be useful to you.One of them is the One of them is the The English-Chinese/Chinese-The English-Chinese/Chinese-English Dictionary(ECCED)which will cost you 52 English Dictionary(ECCED)which will cost you 52 yuanyuan.There are someThere are some 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese1

21、8,000 English words and 20,000 Chinesewords in it.As it has lots of examples showing how to use words in it.As it has lots of examples showing how to use the words,it will be much valuable for the beginners like you.the words,it will be much valuable for the beginners like you.Dear Steve,Dear Steve,

22、Thank you very much for your last letter which asked Thank you very much for your last letter which asked me something about how to choose a dictionary for learning me something about how to choose a dictionary for learning Chinese.Here I strongly recommend you the following two Chinese.Here I stron

23、gly recommend you the following two which may be useful to you.which may be useful to you.One of them is the One of them is the The English-Chinese/Chinese-The English-Chinese/Chinese-English Dictionary(ECCED)which will cost you 52 English Dictionary(ECCED)which will cost you 52 yuanyuan.There are s

24、omeThere are some 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinesewords in it.As it has lots of examples showing how to use words in it.As it has lots of examples showing how to use the words,it will be much valuable for the beginners like you.the words,it will be much

25、valuable for the beginners like you.which askedwhich askedme something about how to choose a dictionary for learningme something about how to choose a dictionary for learningChinese.Chinese.which may be useful to you.which may be useful to you.which will cost you 52 which will cost you 52 yuanyuan.T

26、here are someThere are some 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinesewords in it.words in it.As it has lots of examples showing how to useAs it has lots of examples showing how to usethe words,the words,The other one,Xinhua Dictionary (XD),which The other one,Xin

27、hua Dictionary (XD),which charges you only 11 charges you only 11 yuanyuan and has a collection of 10,000 and has a collection of 10,000 Chinese words.It is the most commonly used one in China.Chinese words.It is the most commonly used one in China.If you need my help with your Chinese write to me.I

28、f you need my help with your Chinese write to me.I m looking forward to your reply.I m looking forward to your reply.Yours,Yours,Li Li YueYueThe other one,The other one,分析：分析：这篇文章属于这篇文章属于第第_档次档次，可得可得_分。分。内容：内容：语法结构和词汇：语法结构和词汇：高级词汇高级词汇：五五2424这篇文章共这篇文章共5 5个自然段，结构清晰，覆盖了题个自然段，结构清晰，覆盖了题目中的目中的所有内容所有内容并且根据

29、材料适当添加了并且根据材料适当添加了信息（最后两段）；信息（最后两段）；共使用了共使用了9 9个句子，其中使用了个句子，其中使用了4 4个个定语从句定语从句，1 1 个个状语从句状语从句，1 1个个there bethere be 句型句型strongly,charge,a collection of,strongly,charge,a collection of,the most commonly used,look forward tothe most commonly used,look forward to 假设你是王小明，请根据你校美化校园的规假设你是王小明，请根据你校美化校园的规划

30、，用英语给你在美国的笔友划，用英语给你在美国的笔友PeterPeter写一封写一封短信，介绍该规划。短信的主要内容如下：短信，介绍该规划。短信的主要内容如下：规划目的规划目的美化校园，净化空气美化校园，净化空气创造良好学习生活环境创造良好学习生活环境规划内容规划内容种植花草树木种植花草树木建一个植物园，供参观实践建一个植物园，供参观实践建一个小花园，供休息、读书建一个小花园，供休息、读书建几座名人雕塑，激励师生建几座名人雕塑，激励师生改写练习：改写练习：注意：1.短信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。2.词数100左右。3.参考词汇：雕塑：statue（n.）植物园：botanical g

31、arden（n.）Dear Peter,I would like to tell you that our school has worked out a new program._Welcome to our school if you have any chance.Yours,Wang XiaomingDear Peter,Id like to tell you that our school has worked out a new program.We worked out the program in order to makeour school more beautiful,m

32、ake the air cleaner andfresher and make our school become a better environment for our study and life.Here are the contents of the program.We willplant many trees,flowers and grass in our school.We will also build a botanical garden to visit and practise in.We are going to build a small garden.There

33、 we can rest and read books.We will build some statues of famous people to encourage teachers and students to work hard,too.Welcome to our school if you have any chance.Yours,Wang XiaomingDear Peter,Id like to tell you that our school has worked out a new program.The purposes of the program are to m

34、ake our school more beautiful,to make the air cleaner and fresher,and to make our school become a better place for us to study and live in.According to the program,We will plant different kinds of trees,flowers and grass in and around our school.A botanical garden will be built for us to visit and p

35、ractise in.Besides,we are to build a small garden where/in which we can have a rest and do some reading.Whats more,some statues of famous people will be set up to encourage teachers and students to work harder.Dont you think it a wonderful program?Welcome to our school if you have any chance.Yours,Wang Xiaomingo 搜集常用的连接，词组或搭配，并按照搜集常用的连接，词组或搭配，并按照 表示的含义将其归类，以备使用。表示的含义将其归类，以备使用。o 写一篇文章，并修改使其更富文采。写一篇文章，并修改使其更富文采。