2012广东高考英语基础写作之试题分析及备考建议.ppt

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1、2012广东高考英语广东高考英语基础写作基础写作试题分析及备考建议试题分析及备考建议基础写作题型特点：要求学生只能用5个句子表达所给内容。基础写作能力要求：考查学生整合信息及语言表达的能力。基础写作评分的标准：句子结构是否准确、信息内容是否完整、篇章结构是否连贯。高考评卷场着重语言亮点、句式结构复杂性及内容连贯性。近五年广东高考基础写作一览表：年份 写作话题 命题形式 体裁 2008 奥运项目射击 中文提纲 说明文2009 学生近视问题 中文提纲 应用文2010 政府禁烟 中文提纲 应用文2011 介绍书籍 中文提纲 说明文2012 介绍人物 中文提纲 说明文图表解析：1.命题形式连续五年都采

2、用提纲式，当然也可以改为表格的形式，如2007年就用表格类。提纲或表格的优点是：能使写作要点条理化、清晰化。但很少有类似于翻译的完整的汉语句子。2.常考应用和说明文，因为说明文条理清晰、层次分明，而应用文则符合语言作为交际载体的要求。3.题材贴近考生生活或与社会热点相关。4.内容要点完全给出。考生不可随意发表个人意见或观点，只须认真审题，理清要点即可。5.只能使用五个句子。考生很可能要用到并列句、复合句、非谓语动词短语、介词短语等，才能表达全部内容。所以备考重点要放在提高语言表达能力。2012广东高考英语试题广东高考英语试题基础写作基础写作你接受了一项写作任务，要为英语校报写一篇人物介绍。你接

3、受了一项写作任务，要为英语校报写一篇人物介绍。【写作内容写作内容】请根据以下信息，介绍一位传奇人物请根据以下信息，介绍一位传奇人物姓姓 名：名：Allan Stewart国国 籍：澳大利亚籍：澳大利亚出生日期：出生日期：1915年年3月月7日日世界纪录：世界纪录：2006年获硕士学位年获硕士学位时年龄最大时年龄最大学习态度：挑战自我，永远为时不晚。学习态度：挑战自我，永远为时不晚。第一个学位：第一个学位：1936年获得年获得第二个学位：医学博士第二个学位：医学博士第三个学位：第三个学位：80多岁时决定学习法律，多岁时决定学习法律，2006年获得硕士年获得硕士学位。学位。第四个学位：第四个学位：

4、2012年通过网络学习获得，善于合理安排年通过网络学习获得，善于合理安排学习时间，受到老师表扬。学习时间，受到老师表扬。*硕士学位：硕士学位：masters degree;*博士：博士：doctor解析：解析：1.这篇文章是人物介绍，是继这篇文章是人物介绍，是继2011年的书年的书本介绍后的同类型文章。本介绍后的同类型文章。2.对于这一话题，学生很熟悉，有话可说，对于这一话题，学生很熟悉，有话可说，贴近学生生活。贴近学生生活。3.整篇有整篇有9个信息点，比个信息点，比2011年多一个年多一个(注：近几年广东高考基础写作信息点一注：近几年广东高考基础写作信息点一般控制在般控制在8-12个）。个）

5、。解题思路：1.确定文章主体时态：一般过去时，同时涉及学习态度及人物评价可用一般现在时；2.确定文章主体人称：第三人称；3.可使用句式：born过去分词作状语、同位语、定语从句、宾语从句、it 的句型、强调句等。4.信息点的整合：第一句：含姓名、国籍、出生日期；第二句：第一个和第二个学位；第三句：学习态度；第四句：第三个学位和世界纪录；第五句：第四个学位及人物评价。5.写作顺序：本文可按照时间的先后顺序来写，同时要注意上下文之间内容的连贯，适当增添连接词，如 when，after，therefore,because等。使上下文过渡自然、结构紧凑、意义连贯。Version 1Allan Stew

6、art,of Australian nationality,was born on March 7,1915.He got his first degree in 1936 and then his second degree of Doctor of Medicine.He believed that one is never too old to challenge oneself.Therefore,in his eighties,he decided to study law,and in 2006 he set a world record for becoming the olde

7、st person to get a masters degree.Because he was so good at arranging his study time,he got praise from his teacher,and in 2012 he managed to get his fourth degree by network learning.Version 2 Allan Stewart,an Australian old man,born on March 7,1915,is already the holder of the world record for bei

8、ng the oldest graduate.He thinks it is never too late to challenge oneself to achieve something worthwhile.He got his first degree in 1936,later along with a doctors degree of medicine.He decided to study law in his eighties,and he got the masters degree in 2006,which was his third degree.In 2012,he

9、 received his fourth degree by network learning,who was praised for his proper arrangement on his study schedule.Version 3Born on March 7,1915,Allan Stewart,(who is)an Australian,become the oldest man to obtain a masters degree over the world in 2006.He believed that one is never too old to challeng

10、e oneself.He got his first degree in 1936 and then his doctors degree in medicine.In his eighties,he decided to study law,after which he obtained his third degree in 2006.In 2012,he managed to get his fourth degree by online learning and won praise from his teacher for his good time management in st

11、udy.备考建议：一、抓好三个重要基础：1.掌握六个基本句型结构：1）主+谓2）主+谓+宾3）主+谓+双宾4）主+谓+宾+宾补5）主+系+表6）There be句型2.掌握并列句结构。即：简单句+并列连词（and,but,yet,or,so,etc.)+简单句。3.掌握主从复合句结构。即所学的：定语从句、宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句或状语从句。须注意的是不同从句间连接词的异同，平时学习要注意区分比较。4.在写作中，注意简单句、并列句及复合句互相结合，让文章句式丰富，增添语言亮点。写作中要如何避免句式单一：写作中要如何避免句式单一：1.使用非谓语动词使句子简洁高档使用非谓语动词使句子

12、简洁高档如：They arrived at the school.They felt the happy atmosphere.Arriving at the school,they felt the happy atmosphere.He wants to improve his English.He studies hard.In order to improve his English,he studies hard.2.巧用倒装结构增强句子的表现力巧用倒装结构增强句子的表现力如：如：1.He didnt realize his foolishness until he returned

13、 home.Not until he returned home did he realize his foolishness.2.He is clever but he does not work hard.Clever as/though he is,he does not work hard.3.尝试多样化表达方式尝试多样化表达方式As soon as Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport,they were warmly welcomed.On arriving at the airport,Lien Chan and his wi

14、feLien Chan and his wife were warmly welcomed directly/the moment they arrived at the airport.No sooner had Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport than they were Hardly had Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport when they were 二、注意解题步骤：1、仔细审题，明确具体要求；2、列出要点，分成五个句子；3、善用语言功底，译好每个句子；4、根据逻辑

15、关系，连成通顺短文；5、核查准确无误，认真规范誊写。三、熟记关联词语：篇章结构连贯是三大评分条款之一，因此，在写作时，除按逻辑组合信息点外，还必须学会灵活运用连接词语。如表起始：first of all,as far as I know,as for me等；表因果：because,since,as,thanks to,as a result,thus,so等；表转折：rather than,on the contrary,but,however,otherwise,by contrast,yet 等；表递进：whats more,moreover,besides,in addition,wo

16、rse still等；表并列：also,as well as,or,eitheror,neither.nor,not only but also等。四.多积累高级词汇、固定句型及英语谚语，可以增强文章的表现力，提升作文层次。.2)客观真理，客观存在及自然现象。客观真理，客观存在及自然现象。1.The earth moves around the sun.2.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3.Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees。3)表示格言或警句中。表示格言或警句中。Practice makes perfect.注注

17、意意：此此用用法法如如果果出出现现在在宾宾语语从从句句中中，即即使使主主句句是是过过去去时时，从从句句谓谓语语也也要要用用一一般现在时。例如：般现在时。例如：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。1.I dont want so much.2.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一

18、般现在时，用于第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作导说明的示范性动作，表示，表示言行的瞬间动作言行的瞬间动作。再如：再如：Now watch me,I switch on the current（电流）电流）and stand back.第二句中的第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作。是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作。注意：某些表示状态和感觉的动词，某些表示状态和感觉的动词，如be,like,hate,sound,believe,want,belong,depend等，常用一般现在时。Eg.1）I dont want to sound like r

19、ude.2）I like this house very much but it belongs to my sister.知识扩展：一般现在时表将来知识扩展：一般现在时表将来1）下下列列动动词词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的的一一般般现现在在时时表表将将来来。这这主主要要用用来来表表示示按按时时间间表表拟拟好好的的或或安安排排好好的的事事情情或或要要发生的动作。发生的动作。The shop opens at 9:00 in the morning and closes at 8:00 in the evening.The train lea

20、ves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus start?It starts in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中。）在时间或条件句中。When Bill comes(不是不是will come),ask him to wait for me.Ill write to you as soon as I arrive

21、 there.4）在动词在动词 hope,take care that,make sure that等后。等后。I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.5）特殊句型特殊句型 It is+时间段时间段+since.It is/has been five years since I moved here.二、一般过去时的用法二、一般过去时的用法1）在在过过去去某某个个特特定定时时间间里里所所发发生生的的动动作作或或存存在在的的状状态态

22、。时时间间状状语语有有：yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982 等。等。1.Where did you go just now?2.I saw Tom in the street yesterday.3.I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.2）表表示示在在过过去去一一段段时时间间内内，经经常常性性或或习习惯性的动作。惯性的动作。1.When I was a child,I often played football in the street.2.He always went t

23、o work by bus.3.He used to act like that.3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。如：如：情态动词情态动词 could,would。Could you lend me your bike?4）用用在在条条件件句句中中表表示示与与现现在在或或将将来来事事实实不不符符的虚拟语气。的虚拟语气。If I were a bird,I would fly to Beijing.If he were here now,we could turn to him for help.5在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般过去时代替过

24、去将来时，表示过去将来的动作。Eg.Hetoldmethathewouldntgobackuntilhismotherreturned.6.since从句中常用过去时。Eg.Itisthreeyearssincehewentabroad.固定句型：1.Itistimethatsb.didsth.(是某人该干的时候)2.would/hadrather(that)sb.didsth.宁愿某人做某事；3.Ifonly+从句（要是就好了）中，可用一般过去时，表示与现在事实或与将来事实相反。如：1.到我们更加努力学习的时候了。Itstimethatwestudiedharder.2.我宁愿他明天来。Id

25、ratherhecametomorrow.3.要是我是一只鸟就好了！IfonlyIwereabird.1)shall用于第一人称，常被用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，征求意见时常用于第二人称。在陈述句中用于各人称，征求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?2)be going to+不定式，表示将来。不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。What are yo

26、u going to do tomorrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month.c.有有迹迹象象要要发发生生的的事事 Look at the dark clouds;there is going to be a storm.三、一般将来时三、一般将来时三、一般将来时三、一般将来时3)be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday4)be about to+不定式，意为马

27、上做某事。不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：注意：be about to 不能与不能与tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。5)be on the point of doing 表示表示“快要做某事快要做某事”，不与确切的时间状语连用。不与确切的时间状语连用。The plane is on the point of taking off.6 6）be going to/willbe going to/will的用法之比较：的用法之比较：的用法之比较：的用法之比较：用于条

28、件句时，用于条件句时，be going to表将来，表将来，will表意愿。表意愿。If you are going to make a journey,youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.7 7）be to dobe to do和和和和be going to be going to 的用法之比较：的用法之比较：的用法之比较：的用法之比较：be to d

29、o表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而而be going to 则表示主观的打算或计划。则表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.(客观安排客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.(主观安主观安排排)四、过去将来时四、过去将来时四、过去将来时四、过去将来时 （一）、基本概念：（一）、基本概念：（一）、基本概念：（一）、基本概念：过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一个相对

30、的时态，即立足于作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态，即立足于过去某时。过去某时。1)He said his mother would buy a bike for him.2)My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack any more.3)Would it be all right if he knew his illness?二、基本形式：二、基本形式：wouldshould动词原形（其中动词原形（其中 would 用于各种用于各种人称，人称，should 常用于第一人称）。常用于第一人称）。1.They were sure they would

31、win the final victory 他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。2.He didnt expect that we should（would）all be there 他没想到我们都在那里。他没想到我们都在那里。上述两个例句中的宾语从句谓语上述两个例句中的宾语从句谓语 would win 和和 should（would）be 分别与其主句谓语分别与其主句谓语 were sure 和和 didnt expect 相对应。相对应。三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式：三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式：1wasweregoing to动词原形动词原形 He said he w

32、as going to try 他说他准备试试。他说他准备试试。2waswereto动词原形动词原形 They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day 3waswere about to动词原形动词原形 We were about to go out when it began to rain.我们正要出去天（突然）下起雨来。我们正要出去天（突然）下起雨来。4过去进行时（过去进行时（go，come，leave，start，open，begin 等）也可用于表示将来。等）也可用于表示将来。I didnt know when

33、they were coming again 我不知道他们什么时候再来。我不知道他们什么时候再来。四、用法注意点：四、用法注意点：在时间和条件状语从句中，常用一般过在时间和条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。去时来表示过去将来时。He said he would come to see you when he had time.他说他有时间就来看望你他说他有时间就来看望你五、五、现在进行时现在进行时现在进行时中动词形式：现在进行时中动词形式：1、do-doing 2、live-living3 重读闭音节重读闭音节 sit-sitting drop-dropping4.以以 ie 结

34、尾结尾5.die-dying am is +-ing are1.表表示示现现在在(指指说说话话人人说说话话时时)正正在发生的事情。在发生的事情。2.We are waiting for you.John and Mary are talking on the phone.2.表表示示现现阶阶段段正正在在进进行行的的动动作作或或发发生生的的事事，虽虽然然此此时时此此刻刻动动作作不不一一定定在在进进行行，常与常与these days,this week等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。如：这些天我们在做飞机模型。如：这些天我们在做飞机模型。We are making model planes the

35、se days.(此时此刻不一定在做）此时此刻不一定在做）现在进行时与always,continually,constantly,forever,all the time等连用，表示说话人的一种感情色彩，如同情、责备、好奇、不满、赞赏等。如：她老是抱怨。She is always complaining.3.进行时表示将来的用法：常用进行时表示将来的用法：常用的词的词 come,go,leave,arrive,start,begin,等等1.When are you leaving?=When will you leave?2.She is going to New York tomorrow

36、.下列几类动词不用进行时时态感知或感觉的动词：hear,see,seem,smell,sound,look,feel等。表示心理或情感的动词：like,love,hate,prefer,wish等。表示状态存在的动词：be,exist,remain,stay,等。表示占有或存属关系动词：have,own,belong,contain等。表示思考、理解等心理活动的动词：believe,doubt,forget,know,remember,understand等。1.Diane(wash)_ her hair every other day or so.2.Kathy usually(sit)_

37、in the front row during class,but today she(sit)_ in the last row.washes,sits,is sitting3_you always_(locklock)the door to your apartment(公寓公寓)when you leave?4.I wrote to my friend last week.She hasnt answered my letter yet.I(wait,still)_ for a reply.Do ,lock,am still waiting5.Every morning,the sun(

38、shine)_ in my bedroom window and(wake)_me up.shines,wakes6.A:Look!It(snow)_.B:Its beautiful!This is the first time Ive ever seen snow.It(snow,not,often)_ in my country.is snowing;does not often snow7.Mike is a student,but he(go,not)_ to school right now because its summer.He(attend)_ college from Se

39、ptember to May every year,but in the summers he(have,usually)_a job at the post office.In fact,he(work)_ there this summer.doesnt go;attends;usually has;is working8.Please be quiet.I(try)_ to concentrate.9.After three days of rain,Im glad that the sun(shine)_ again today.am trying;is shining-Is this

40、 raincoat yours?-No,mine _ there behind the door.A.is hanging B.has hungC.hangs D.hung现在进行时强调此刻正在进行的动作。现在进行时强调此刻正在进行的动作。一般现在时表示不确定时间经常、反一般现在时表示不确定时间经常、反复发生的动作或状态。复发生的动作或状态。-Can I help you,sir?-Yes,I bought this radio here yesterday,but it _.A.didnt workB.wont workC.cant workD.doesnt work-Can I join

41、the club,Dad?-You can when you _ a bit older.A.get B.will getC.C.are gettingD.D.will have gotMy cousin,Jenny,_ in New York till next Saturday.A.is stayingB.has stayedC.will have stayedD.stayed-Do you know when she _?-No,but Ill tell you as soon as she _.A.will come;comesB.comes;will comeC.will come;

42、will comeD.comes;comesLook!_!A.Here the bus comesB.Here comes the busC.Here is the bus comingD.Here the bus is coming过去进行时1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。这一特定的时间可用时间状语连用。如：at that time;at 8 oclock;when也可用上下暗示可用上下暗示。Eg.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She_ataradioshopatthetime.A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkin

43、gD.hadworkedBEg.-Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!-Oh,Imterriblysorry,_.A.ImnotnoticingB.IwasntnoticingC.IhaventnoticedD.IdontnoticeB2.过去进行时过去进行时常用于由when、while、as引导的时间状语从句中，表示背景，引出由一般过去时一般过去时表示的新动作。或：过去进行时（表示背景）过去进行时（表示背景）+when+一一般过去时（新发生的动作）般过去时（新发生的动作）。此时when相当于atthattime;justthen.Eg.Thereportersaidthatth

44、eUFO_easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravellingB.travelledC.hadbeentravellingD.wastotravelA现在完成时1.表示动作已经完成，强调过去表示动作已经完成，强调过去 发生的某一动发生的某一动作作对现在造成的影响和结果对现在造成的影响和结果。一般过去时仅。一般过去时仅仅说明仅说明动作在过去动作在过去，不强调对现在的影响。，不强调对现在的影响。常与一些时间状语连用：如：常与一些时间状语连用：如：already;yet;by this time;just;ever;never;now;before;lately 等。等。2.I

45、tisthefirst/secondtime+that从句。从句中一般用现在完成时。另外：“Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句”中，从句动词通常用过去时过去时，主句用完成时完成时。3.有些瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。要连用时须用状态动词。成对的词有：become/be;die/bedead;leave/beaway;jointhearmy/servethearmyEg.She_Robertforayear.A.marriedB.marriedwithC.hasbeenmarryingD.hasbeenmarriedtoDMarry是瞬间性动作，不能和for+时间

46、段的状语连用。要表示状态用hasbeenmarriedtosb.“和某人结婚”是marrytosb.注意：1.现在完成时不能与明确指出的表示过去的时间状语如lastweek,in1997,aminuteago,whenIcamein等连用。2.句型It/Thisisthefirsttimethat及It/Thisisthebest/worst/mostinteresting+名词+that中的从句要用现在完成时。Eg.1.这是他第一次参加奥运会。ItisthefirsttimethathehastakenpartintheOlympicGames.2.这是他所写的最有趣的一部小说。Thisis

47、themostinterestingnovelhehaseverwritten.过去完成时A、had+pp.用法：、表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态（过去的过去）。2、表示过去某一时间开始延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态（用延续性动词）。、表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算。、常连用的时间状语有by the last/by the end of last、常用于下列句型中：Hardly/No sooner(过去完成时)when/than（一般过去时）。It/This/That was the time that(从句用过去完成时)。It was+一段时间+since(从句用过去完

48、成时)。ForexamplesBytheendoflasttermwehadlearnt20units.Hehadbeeninthiscollegeforthreeyearsbeforeheleftit.Theyhadmeanttoseemeoffattheairport,buttheygottheretoolate.Ihadthoughtyouwouldcometomorrow.Itwasthethirdtimethathehadmadethesamemistakes.ItwasfivedayssincetheyhadboughtthisTVset.现在完成进行时S+has/have+bee

49、n+Ving.表示经过去某一时间发生一直持续到现在的动作（动作未完成），动词必须用延续性动词。Eg.He has been working here for three years.比较：1.I have written a letter.（已完成）2.I have been writing a letter.（未完成）Translation:1.Jennyissometimeslateforwork.Herbossisveryangry.2.Insteadofrelyingonothers,Ichoosetobelieveinmyself.Idontthinktheresanyshort-c

50、uttosuccess.Noonessuccessisbyaccident.3.Manyattributehersuccesstoluck.ButYangMi,25,insiststhatfortunefavorsonlythepreparedmind.4.Inmyopinion,itisnecessaryformiddleschoolstudentstohelptheirparentsdosomehousework.5.IhaveagoodfriendnamedLiPing(whosenameisLiPing).Heismyseatmate.Heis/comesfromthecountry.