5-搜索引擎.ppt
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1、LOGOWeb Mining(5)杨光飞杨光飞系统工程研究所系统工程研究所大连理工大学大连理工大学SearchEngineLOGO搜索引擎概况搜索引擎概况LOGOThesearchenginerankingsforJanuary2012,accordingtocomScore,were:Googlegrewto66.2percent(upfrom65.9percentinDecember2011).Binggrewto15.2percent(upfrom15.1percent).Yahoofellto14.1percent(downfrom14.5percent).Askgrewto3perc
2、ent(upfrom2.9percent).AOLremainedunchangedat1.6percent.LOGOSearch Engine CharacteristicsUneditedanyonecanentercontentQualityissues;SpamVariedinformationtypesPhonebook,brochures,catalogs,dissertations,newsreports,weather,allinoneplace!DifferentkindsofusersLexis-Nexis:Paying,professionalsearchersOnlin
3、ecatalogs:ScholarssearchingscholarlyliteratureWeb:EverytypeofpersonwitheverytypeofgoalScaleHundredsofmillionsofsearches/day;billionsofdocsLOGOWeb Search QueriesWebsearchqueriesareshort:2.4wordsonaverage(Aug2000)Hasincreased,was1.7(1997)UserExpectations:Manysay“ThefirstitemshownshouldbewhatIwanttosee
4、!”Thisworksiftheuserhasthemostpopular/commonnotioninmind,nototherwise.LOGOStandard Web Search Engine Architecturecrawl thewebcreate an invertedindexCheck for duplicates,store the documentsInvertedindexSearchengineserversuserqueryShow results To userDocIdsLOGOLOGOBrin&Page 98LOGOInverted IndexesInver
5、tedindexesarestillused,eventhoughthewebissohugeSomesystemspartitiontheindexesacrossdifferentmachines;eachmachinehandlesdifferentpartsofthedataOthersystemsduplicatethedataacrossmanymachines;queriesaredistributedamongthemachinesMostdoacombinationoftheseLOGOInthisexample,thedataforthepagesispartitioned
6、acrossmachines.Additionally,eachpartitionisallocatedmultiplemachinestohandlethequeries.Eachrowcanhandle120queriespersecondEachcolumncanhandle7MpagesTohandlemorequeries,addanotherrow.LOGOHow Inverted Files Are CreatedPeriodicallyrebuilt,staticotherwise.Documentsareparsedtoextracttokens.Thesearesavedw
7、iththeDocumentID.NowisthetimeforallgoodmentocometotheaidoftheircountryDoc1Itwasadarkandstormynightinthecountrymanor.ThetimewaspastmidnightDoc2LOGOHow Inverted Files are CreatedAfteralldocumentshavebeenparsedtheinvertedfileissortedalphabetically.LOGOHow InvertedFiles are CreatedMultipletermentriesfor
8、asingledocumentaremerged.Within-documenttermfrequencyinformationiscompiled.LOGOLOGOGoogles IndexingTheIndexer convertseachdocintoacollectionof“hitlists”andputstheseinto“barrels”,sortedbydocID.Italsocreatesadatabaseof“links”.Hit:Hittype:Plainorfancy.Fancyhit:OccursinURL,title,anchortext,metatag.Optim
9、izedrepresentationofhits(2byteseach).Sorter sortseachbarrelbywordIDtocreatetheinvertedindex.Italsocreatesalexiconfile.Lexicon:Lexiconismostlycachedin-memoryLOGOwordid#docswordid#docswordid#docsLexicon(in-memory)Postings(“Invertedbarrels”,ondisk)Each“barrel”containspostingsforarangeofwordids.Googles
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