高考作文得分策略1 (2).ppt

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1、 Welcome to our Class!Welcome to our Class!2013.10.25句子合并的语法精彩句子合并的语法精彩英语的句子按结构分为简单句、并英语的句子按结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句。列句和复合句。简单句有五个基本句型：简单句有五个基本句型：1.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语2.主语主语+谓语（不及物动词）（谓语（不及物动词）（+状语）状语）3.主语主语+谓语（及物动词）谓语（及物动词）+宾语宾语4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语并列句是两个简单句通过并列句是两个简单

2、句通过and,or,but,so 等连接在一等连接在一起的句子。起的句子。复合句是含有一个或一个以上的从句的句子。从句有复合句是含有一个或一个以上的从句的句子。从句有名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。以上两个简单句，我们怎样才能合并成一个高级以上两个简单句，我们怎样才能合并成一个高级的句子呢？的句子呢？最重要的是，我们要理解句子间的逻辑关系，最重要的是，我们要理解句子间的逻辑关系，然后用并列句和复合句表达出来。然后用并列句和复合句表达出来。请看下面两个简单句：请看下面两个简单句

3、：1.他考试不及格。他考试不及格。He didnt pass the exam.(主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语)He failed in the exam.(主语主语+谓语谓语+状语）状语）2.他的家人很失望。他的家人很失望。His family were disappointed.（主语（主语+系动词系动词+表表语）语）因为他考试不及格，所以他的家人很失望。因为他考试不及格，所以他的家人很失望。1.His family were disappointed because he hadnt passed the exam.(含含_从句的复合句从句的复合句)2.As/Because he had

4、nt passed the exam,his family were disappointed.(含含_ 从句从句的复合句的复合句)3.He didnt pass the exam,so his family were disappointed.（_句）句）4.His family were disappointed that he hadnt passed the exam.（that 引导引导_从从句的复合句，主要放在表示情感意义的形容词之后，句的复合句，主要放在表示情感意义的形容词之后，如：如：sorry，glad,happy,delighted,pleased等）等）原因状语原因状语原

5、因状语原因状语 并列并列原因状语原因状语.因为他考试不及格，所以他的家人很失望。因为他考试不及格，所以他的家人很失望。5.That his family were disappointed was because he hadnt passed the exam.（含（含_的复合句）的复合句）6.The reason why his family were disappointed was that he hadnt passed the exam.(含含_的复合句的复合句)主语从句及表语从句主语从句及表语从句定语从句及表语从句定语从句及表语从句他考试不及格使得他的家人很失望。他考试不及格使得

6、他的家人很失望。7.That he hadnt passed the exam made his family disappointed.(含含_的复合句的复合句)8.It made his family disappointed that he hadnt passed the exam.(含含_的复合句，的复合句，it是形式主语是形式主语)9.It was that he hadnt passed the exam that made his family disappointed.(_句句型，强调主语从句型，强调主语从句)主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句.强调强调他考试不及格，这使得他的

7、家人很失望。他考试不及格，这使得他的家人很失望。10.He didnt pass the exam,and it made his family disappointed.(_句句)11.He didnt pass the exam,which made his family disappointed.(含含_的复合句的复合句)并列并列定语从句定语从句得知他考试不及格后，他的家人很失望。得知他考试不及格后，他的家人很失望。12.After his family learned that he hadnt passed the exam,they were disappointed.(含含_复合

8、句复合句)13.After his family were told that he hadnt passed the exam,they were disappointed.(含含_的复合句的复合句)14.His family were disappointed at the news that he hadnt passed the exam.(含含_的复合句的复合句)时间状语从句和宾语从句的时间状语从句和宾语从句的时间状语从句和宾语从句时间状语从句和宾语从句同位语从句的同位语从句的.当然，合并简单句不一定非要用并列句和复合句。我们也可以用当然，合并简单句不一定非要用并列句和复合句。我们也

9、可以用含非谓语的动词的句子来表达。我们应该知道，状语从句、定语含非谓语的动词的句子来表达。我们应该知道，状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句都可以相应的转换成从句、名词性从句都可以相应的转换成非谓语动词非谓语动词做状语、定语、做状语、定语、主语、宾语和表语。请将主语、宾语和表语。请将2、6、7、11、12、13等复合句转换成等复合句转换成含含非谓语动词非谓语动词的简单句。的简单句。因为他考试不及格，所以他的家人很失望。因为他考试不及格，所以他的家人很失望。2.As/Because he hadnt passed the exam,his family were disappointed.Not ha

10、ving passed the exam,he made his family family disappointed.With him not passing the exam,his family were disappointedBecause of his not passing the exam,his family were disappointed.(现在分词短语的完成式作原因状语现在分词短语的完成式作原因状语).(with 的复合结构作原因状语的复合结构作原因状语)（介词短语作状语介词短语作状语）.当然，合并简单句不一定非要用并列句和复合句。我们也可以用当然，合并简单句不一定非

11、要用并列句和复合句。我们也可以用含非谓语的动词的句子来表达。我们应该知道，状语从句、定语含非谓语的动词的句子来表达。我们应该知道，状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句都可以相应的转换成从句、名词性从句都可以相应的转换成非谓语动词非谓语动词做状语、定语、做状语、定语、主语、宾语和表语。请将主语、宾语和表语。请将2、6、7、11、12、13等复合句转换成等复合句转换成含含非谓语动词非谓语动词的简单句。的简单句。2.As/Because he hadnt passed the exam,his family were disappointed.Not having passed the exam,he m

12、ade his family family disappointed.With him not passing the exam,his family were disappointedBecause of his not passing the exam,his family were disappointed.(现在分词短语的完成式作原因状语现在分词短语的完成式作原因状语).(with 的复合结构作原因状语的复合结构作原因状语)（介词短语作状语介词短语作状语）.6.The reason why his family were disappointed was that he hadnt p

13、assed the exam.(含定语从句及表语从句的复合句含定语从句及表语从句的复合句)The reason for his familys being disappointed was his not passing the exam.(“介词介词+动名词动名词”作定语及动名词作表语作定语及动名词作表语)。7.That he hadnt passed the exam made his family disappointed.His not having passed the exam made his family disappointed.（动名词短语的复合结构作主语动名词短语的复合结

14、构作主语）.6.The reason why his family were disappointed was that he hadnt passed the exam.(含定语从句及表语从句的复合句含定语从句及表语从句的复合句)The reason for his familys being disappointed was his not passing the exam.(“介词介词+动名词动名词”作定语及动名词作表语作定语及动名词作表语)。7.That he hadnt passed the exam made his family disappointed.His not havi

15、ng passed the exam made his family disappointed.（动名词短语的复合结构作主语动名词短语的复合结构作主语）.11.He didnt pass the exam,which made his family disappointed.He didnt pass the exam,making his family disappointed.(现在分词短语作结果状语现在分词短语作结果状语)12.After his family learned that he hadnt passed the exam,they were disappointed.Hav

16、ing learned that he hadnt passed the exam,his family were disappointed.（现在分词短语作时间状语现在分词短语作时间状语）.After learning that he hadnt passed the exam,his family were disappointed.（“介词介词+动名词动名词”作时间状语）作时间状语）His family were disappointed to learn that he hadnt passed the exam.(动词不定式作原因状语动词不定式作原因状语)13.After his f

17、amily were told that he hadnt passed the exam,they were disappointed.Having been told that he hadnt passed the exam,his family were disappointed.After being told that he hadnt passed the exam,his family were disappointed.His family were disappointed to be told that he hadnt passed the exam.（现在分词短语的被

18、动式作时间状语现在分词短语的被动式作时间状语）（“介词介词+动名词动名词”的被动式作时间状语。的被动式作时间状语。）(动词不定式的被动式作原因状语动词不定式的被动式作原因状语)即时练习。根据汉语意思，完成英文句子。1.他很忙，他没来。他很忙，他没来。1）_ he was busy,he didnt come.2）_(be)busy,he didnt come.3)It was because he was busy _ he didnt come.4)He was busy,_ he didnt come.5)He didnt come _ he was busy.6)_ he didnt c

19、ome was because he was busy.7)His not _(coming)was because he was busy.8)The reason why he didnt come was _ he was busy.9)_ he was busy made unable to come.10)_(he)being busy made him unable to come.11)He was busy,and _ made him unable to come.12)He was busy,_ him unable to come.13)He was busy,_(mak

20、e)him unable to come.2.杰克出生在英国，他在美国长大。杰克出生在英国，他在美国长大。1）Jack was born in the UK,_ he grew up in the US.2)_ he was born in the UK,Jack grew up in the US.3)_(bear)in the UK,Jack grew up in the US.4)Jack,_ was born in the UK,grew up in the US.5)Jack,_(bear)in the UK,grew up in the US.写作的基本能力是写作的基本能力是“信息

21、句子化信息句子化”，在简单，在简单句句的基础上运用语法知识合并句子，体现句子的基础上运用语法知识合并句子，体现句子的多样化，增添语言色彩，从而使写作获高的多样化，增添语言色彩，从而使写作获高分。分。请看下面一篇基础写作请看下面一篇基础写作 学校英语论坛针对目前城市交通拥堵、污染严学校英语论坛针对目前城市交通拥堵、污染严重的问题进行了重的问题进行了“治堵方案大家谈治堵方案大家谈”的讨论。以下的讨论。以下是讨论概要：是讨论概要：治堵方案治堵方案1.少开私家车；多人共乘一辆小车。少开私家车；多人共乘一辆小车。2.政府完善公共交通以方便市民。政府完善公共交通以方便市民。3.修建绿道（修建绿道（gree

22、n lanes）,鼓励骑自行车。鼓励骑自行车。好处：省钱、省时、节能、环保。好处：省钱、省时、节能、环保。【写作内容写作内容】请根据以上概要写一篇短文，包括以下内容：请根据以上概要写一篇短文，包括以下内容：1.存在的问题；存在的问题；2.解决的方案；解决的方案；3.方案的好处。方案的好处。经过审题，我们可以列出以下的信息点：1）We had a discussion.2)Our streets are crowded with traffic.There are too many private cars.3)The air is seriously polluted.4)Some solut

23、ions are put forward./Everyone is encouraged to offer suggestions.5)Car owners could reduce the use of private cars.6)They could share their cars with their friends and workmates.7)The government should do something to improve the public transport system.8)The government should build more green lane

24、s.9)The public transport system should be more convenient for citizens.10)People should be encouraged to use their bicycles.11)Money,time and energy will be saved.12)The measures are friendly to the environment.请运用我们刚才所提及的名词短语、介词短语、请运用我们刚才所提及的名词短语、介词短语、with的复合结的复合结构、非谓语短语、并列连词和复合句来整合信息。构、非谓语短语、并列连词和

25、复合句来整合信息。名词短语整合信息点名词短语整合信息点2、3。运用介词短语充当定语整合信息点运用介词短语充当定语整合信息点2、3;2、3、4;11、12。运用非谓语整合信息运用非谓语整合信息7、8、9;5,8,10;2,3;5,6。运用运用with的复合结构整合信息的复合结构整合信息6、12。运用复合句整合信息。运用复合句整合信息。Increasing numbers of private cars contribute to heavy traffic jams and serious air pollution.名词短语整合信息点名词短语整合信息点2、3句。句。2)Our streets

26、are crowded with traffic.There are too many private cars.3)The air is seriously polluted.People are more aware of the fact that increasing number of private cars has given rise to serious problems like traffic jams and air pollution.（2,3）运用介词短语充当定语整运用介词短语充当定语整合信息点合信息点2、3;2、3、4;11、12。2)Our streets ar

27、e crowded with traffic.There are too many private cars.3)The air is seriously polluted.4)Some solutions are put forward./Everyone is encouraged to offer suggestions.11)Money,time and energy will be saved.12)The measures are friendly to the environment.We held a discussion in the hope of coming up wi

28、th some practical solutions to end the shameful condition of traffic jams and air pollution in our city.(2,3,4)By taking the above measures,not only can we save money,time and energy but also we can contribute to a city with better environment.（11,12）The government should improve the public transpor

29、t system to make it more convenient for people.（7、8、9）运用非谓语整合信息运用非谓语整合信息7、8、9;5,8,10;2,3;5,6。Building more green lanes is obviously a good way to encourage cycling instead of driving.(5,8,10)There is a widespread concern over environmental pollution and traffic jams caused by private cars.(2,3)First

30、,car owners could share their cars with their friendsand workmates,thus reducing the use private cars.（5,6）Hopefully,with people sharing private cars with each other,our city will definitely be an environment-friendly place to live运用运用with的复合结构整合的复合结构整合信息信息6、12。When it comes to traffic jams and air

31、pollution,some people come up with the idea that car owners could reduce the use of private cars by sharing cars with their friends and workmates.运用复合句整合信息。运用复合句整合信息。定语从句整合定语从句整合2、3句。句。With the development ofeconomy,more and more people have their own cars,which in turn leads to such problem as traf

32、fic jams and air pollution.状语从句整合状语从句整合7、9句句If the government could improve the public transport system,it would be more convenient for people to travel.名词性从句整合名词性从句整合2、3、6句。句。Recently the issue of traffic jams and air pollution caused by private cars has been brought to the concern of all people,es

33、pecially us students,who came up with some practical suggestion in a discussion(信信息点息点1-4).In our opinion,citizens could reduce the use of private cars by sharing with their friends and workmates(信息点信息点5-6).Besides,what really matters is that the government improves the public transport system to ma

34、ke it more convenient for people to travel（信息点（信息点7和和9）.Meanwhile,the government should have more green lanes built to encourage cycling（信息点（信息点8和和10）.By taking the above measures,not only can we save money,time,and energy but also we can contribute to a city with better environment（信息点（信息点11和和12）.高

35、考大纲中常用哪些高考大纲中常用哪些连接词连接词1.表示递进表示递进;在同一话题上补充内容在同一话题上补充内容 另外，还有：and,and then,even,what is more/worse/better,besides,also,moreover,in addition2.表示转折关系表示转折关系 但是，然而，相反：but,however,yet,instead,on the other hand,otherwise,on the contrary.3.表示因果关系表示因果关系因为，因此，所以因为，因此，所以:for,so,therefore,asaresult,becauseof,du

36、eto,owingto,thanksto4.表示解释说明表示解释说明:thatis(tosay),inotherwords,namely,suchas,forexample,forinstance,andsoon5.表示时间顺序表示时间顺序:atfirst,then,later,meanwhile,intheend,finally,sincethen,atlast6.用于陈述事实用于陈述事实 实际上:in fact,actually,as a matter of fact 跟你说实话:to tell you the truth7.对一个话题进行总结对一个话题进行总结 总而言之，总的来说:on

37、the whole,in short,all in all,in general,in a word,to sum up,in conclusion8.其它常用到的副词其它常用到的副词personally,more importantly,especially,hopefully 当然，合并简单句不一定非要用并列句和复合句。我们也可以用当然，合并简单句不一定非要用并列句和复合句。我们也可以用含非谓语的动词的句子来表达。我们应该知道，状语从句、定语含非谓语的动词的句子来表达。我们应该知道，状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句都可以相应的转换成从句、名词性从句都可以相应的转换成非谓语动词非谓语动词做状语

38、、定语、做状语、定语、主语、宾语和表语。请将主语、宾语和表语。请将2、6、7、11、12、13等复合句转换成等复合句转换成含含非谓语动词非谓语动词的简单句。的简单句。因为他考试不及格，所以他的家人很失望。因为他考试不及格，所以他的家人很失望。2.As/Because he hadnt passed the exam,his family were disappointed.Not having passed the exam,he made his family family disappointed.With him not passing the exam,his family were disappointedBecause of his not passing the exam,his family were disappointed.(现在分词短语的完成式作原因状语现在分词短语的完成式作原因状语).(with 的复合结构作原因状语的复合结构作原因状语)（介词短语作状语介词短语作状语）.