小学英语语法小结及小学英语语法知识点归纳.pdf
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1、小学英语语法小结小学英语语法小结一、一、名词名词:有可数名词和不可数名词。1、可数名词有单数和、复数之分。名词复数形式的构成规则:【1】一般在名词词尾“s”如:teacherteacherseggeggs【2】以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾的名词加“es”如:classclassesboxboxesbusbuseswatchwatches【3】以辅音字母+y 的名词变 y 为 i 加 es如:storystorieslibrarylibrariesdictionarydictionarieshobbyhobbies【4】以 f,fe 结尾的名词,变 f,fe 为 v 加 es如:lifelive
2、sleafleaveshalfhalvesknifekniveswolfwolveswifewives【5】以 o 结尾的名词英雄芒果土豆西红柿”加 es如:heroheroesmangomangoespotatopotatoes tomato-tomatoes【6】其余加 s如:zoozooskilokilosradioradiosphotophotospianopianos【7】不规则名词单复数形式如:childchildrenmanmenwoman-womenfootfeettoothteeth【8】有的可数名词单、复数形式相同如:Japanese、Chinese、sleep.如:l h
3、ave one sleep.He has two sleep.2、不可数名词没有复数形式不可数名词有:【1】milk、water、juice、tea、ice;【2】food、rice、meat、fish、chicken、bread、cheese;【3】paper、newspaper、hair、time、money、homework、housework;不可数名词的的数量常表示如下Two bottles of milka cup of juicehalfakiloofcheeseabigofricethreekilosofmeatsomewater二、二、人称代词人称代词人称代词包括主格和宾格。
4、主格在句中作主语,宾格用于动词或介词后作宾语。主格宾格Ime我weus你们youyou你、你们hehim他sheher她itit它theythem他、她、它们WeWe are going to have a picnic.Let us us go.I I miss everyone in China.Who can help meme?What is he he doing?HeHe is trying to get on the bus.Look at himhim.SheShe cant heat.This dog helps her her.Tell me more about the
5、Great Wall.三、三、物主代词物主代词物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词后需跟名词,名词性物主代词后不用跟。名词性物主代词含义=形容词性物主代词+名词的含义。形容词性物my主代词名词性物主mineours代词我的我 们你的、你他的的们的她的它的他、她、它们的yourshishersitstheirsouryourhisheritstheirThis is my bookmy book.=This book is mine is mine.This is hie baghie bag=This bag is hisis his.YourYour watch i
6、s old,but hershers is new.Thanksgiving is my my favourite festival.WeWe say“Think you”for ourour food,family and friends.四、疑问词四、疑问词who 谁what 什么when 什么时候where 哪里what time几点why 为什么how 怎么whose 谁的how much 多少how many 多少 how old 多大what colour 什么颜色how long 多长 what day 那天1、对人物提问用 whoWho gave it to you?Simon
7、s family gave it to me.Who can help me?I can help you.2、对事物或做某事提问用 whatWhat do you want?I want a hot dog.What are you doing?I am reading a book.What are you going to study?Im going to study English.What are you going to do?Were going to walk around the lake.Whats it about?Its about animals.3、对时间提问用
8、whenWhen are you going to eat?Were going to eat at ha;f past twelve.When was he born?He was born in 1809.4、对点钟提问用 what timeWhat time is it?Its twelve.What time do you get up?I get up at six oclock.5、对地点提问用 whereWhere was he born?He was born in France.Where are you?I am on the train.Wheres your mum?S
9、hes at the supermarket.6、对原因提问用 whyWhy are you wearing a raincoat?Because its going to rain.7、对身体状态或方式用 howHow are you?Im fine.How are you going to go to school?Im going to go to school by bus.8、对价钱等不可数名词的数量用 how muchHow much is it?Its thirteen dollars and twenty-five cents.How much milk do you want
10、?I want two bottles of milk.9、对可数名词的数量提问用 how manyHow many books are they on the desk?There are three books on the desk.10、对年龄提问用 how oldHow old are you?Im twelve.11、对“某人的”提问用 whoseWhose cap is this?Its Amys cap.Whose pen is that?Its his pen.12、对颜色提问用 what colourWhat colour is it?Its black.13、对颜色提问用
11、 what dayWhat day is it today?Its Monday.14、对长度提问用 how longHow long is it?Its about six thousand seven hundred kilometers.特殊疑问句语序:疑问词特殊疑问句语序:疑问词+一般疑问句语序?一般疑问句语序?例:例:How do you go to schoolHow do you go to school?疑问词【做主语】疑问词【做主语】+谓词动词谓词动词+?例:例:We gave it to youWe gave it to you?五、时态五、时态1.1.一般过去时一般过去时
12、表示过去某个时间发生时的动作或存在的状态。经常与表示过去的时间连用。如 yesterday【昨天】,last week【上周】,last month【上个月】,last year【去年】,twomoths ago【两个月前】等。构成:【1】肯定句:主语+动词过去式+He mademade a video.否定句:主语+didnt+动词原形+He didntdidnt make a video.一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+Did he make make a video?【2】be 动词用 was,were.否定句在 was,were 后加 not。一般疑问句把 was,were 提前道
13、句首。She waswas born in America.She was notwas not born in America.Was she born in America?2 2、现在进行时、现在进行时表示现在进行的动作构成:主语+am/is/are+现在分词+The birds are singingare singing in the trees.否定句在 am/is/are 后加 not.The birds are not singingare not singing in the trees.一般疑问句把 am/is/are 提前到句首AreAre the birds singi
14、ngsinging in the trees?3 3、一般将来时、一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动词或存在的状态。经常与表示将来的时间连用。如 tomorrow(明天),next week(下周),next year(明年)等。构成:(1)主语+will+动词原形+He will pick will pick up the apples.否定句在 will 后加 not。He will not pick will not pick up the apples。一般疑问句把 will 提前到句首。WillWill he pick pick up the apples?(2)主语+be goi
15、ng to+动词原形+We are going to studyare going to study French。否定句在 am,is,are 后加 not。We are not going to studyare not going to study French。一般疑问句把 am,is,are 提前到句首。AreAre yougoing to studygoing to study French?4 4、一般现在时、一般现在时表示经常性,习惯性的动作或存在的状态。构成:【1】主语+am/is/are+否定句在 am/is/are 后加 not.一般疑问句把 am/is/are 提前道句
16、首。Helen Keller is is a model for blind people and for you and me.【2】肯定句:主语+动词原形The ducks like like it.否定句:主语+dont+动词原形+The ducks dont likedont like it.一般疑问句:Do+主语+动词原形+?DoDo the ducks likelike it?【3】肯定句:主语【三单】+动词第三人称形式+He likes likes noodles.否定句:主语+doesnt+动词原形+He doesnt likedoesnt like noodles.一般疑问句
17、:Does+主语+动词原形+DoesDoes he likelike noodles?六、动词过去式形式六、动词过去式形式规则动词的过去式构成规则动词的过去式构成1、一般在动词词尾加 ed如:work-workedplay-playedwatch-watched2、以 e 结尾动词在词尾加 d如:live-lived3、以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词,把 y 变 i 再加 ed如:study-studiescopy-copiescry-criescarry-carries4、有些动词双写最后一个字母再加 ed如:stop-stoppeddrop-dropped不规则动词的过去式规律性不强,需多加记
18、忆。动词原形动词过去式动词原形动词过去式gowentcomecamebecomebecamebringbroughtsaysaidputputteachtaughtcancouldreadreadgivegaveam/iswasareweredodidflyflewhavehadmakemaderunranseesawriderodewinwongetgottelltoldeatatesendsenttaketookbuyboughtsitsatmeetmetwritewrotedrawdrewswimswamfallfellrinkdrankringrang七、动词七、动词 inging 形
19、式也是现在分词形式形式也是现在分词形式现在分词的构成规则现在分词的构成规则1、一般在动词词尾直接加“ing”sleep-sleepinglook-lookingwear-wearingeat-eatingsend-sendingsing-singinggo-goingjump-jumping2、以不发音的 e 结尾的动词要去掉 e 再加上“ing”write-writingcome-comingride-ridinguse-usinghave-havingmake-makingtake-takingshine-shining3、有些动词双写最后一个字母再加“ing”get-gettingput
20、-puttingsit-sittingrun-runningSwim-swimmingskip-skippingshop-shopping八、动词第三人称单数形式动词第三人称单数形式动词第三人称单数的构成规则动词第三人称单数的构成规则1、大多数动词在词尾加“s”stop-stopsmake-makesread-readsplay-plays2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,先将“y”变为“i”加“es”fly-fliescarry-carriesstudy-studiesworry-worries3、以“s,x,ch,sh,o”结尾,在词尾加 es”teach-teacheswatch-watch
21、esdo-doesgo-goes九、情态动词九、情态动词 cancan 过去式过去式 couldcould 后加动词原形后加动词原形I cancan write English.I can carrycan carry this bag.I can helpcan help you.We cancan always bebe friends.Later she could read and write could read and write.否定句在 can,could 后加 notcan not=cantcould not=couldntWe cantcant go now.I cantc
22、ant write Chinese.She couldntcouldnt see and she couldnt hear.I cant carrycant carry everything.His friends c cant hearant hear him.一般疑问句把 can,could 提前到句首CanCan you swim?Yes,I can./No,I cant.Can you speak English?Can I write to your friends?Can you be my Chinese pen pal?Yes,of course.十、反义词十、反义词big-s
23、malllong-shortnew-oldtall-shortyoung-oldheavy-lighteasy-hard/difficultup-downearly-latefat-thinwhite-blackcry-laughdifferent-sameinside-outsidehot-coldhappy-sadgood-badclean-dirtybring-takethis-thatthese-thosealways-neverwoman-man十一、同音词十一、同音词for-fourson-sunhour-ourtoo-tworight-writeeye-Iarent-auntse
24、nt-centWhere-weartheir-thereby-buysee-sea十二、近义词十二、近义词good-wellstudy-learn十三、缩写形式与完整形式十三、缩写形式与完整形式I am=Imhe is=hesshe is=shesit is=itsthat is=thatswhat is=whatslet us=letswe are=werethey are=theyreyou are=yourecan not=cantcould not=couldntshould not=shouldntwill not=wontIll=I willwell=we willdo not=d
25、ontdoes not=doesntdid not=didntIt has got=its gotI have got=Ive gothave not=haventhas not=hasntare not-arentis not=isnt十四、小学英语分类单词和词组十四、小学英语分类单词和词组天气:天气:rain 下雨snow 下雪rainy 有雨的snowy 有雪的hot 炎热的cold 寒冷的warm 温暖的cool 凉爽的windy 有风的sunny 晴朗的食物:食物:hamburger 汉堡hot dog 热狗sandwich 三明治chicken 鸡肉chip 薯条fish 鱼肉me
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