高中英语语法--定语从句复习.ppt

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1、 Revision ofthe Attributive Clause定语从句复习定语从句复习定语从句在从句中起定语作用，修饰句定语从句在从句中起定语作用，修饰句中的中的某一名词或代词某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰，被定语从句修饰的词叫的词叫先行词先行词(Antecedent)。定语从句需定语从句需用关联词用关联词(relative pronouns and adverbs)(relative pronouns and adverbs)：Attributive Clause:基础知识回顾基础知识回顾:关系词及其意义关系词及其意义指代人指代人指代事物指代事物所属关系所属关系指地点指地点指时间指时间

2、指原因指原因who,whom,that,aswhich,that,aswhosewhere（=介词介词+which）when(=介词介词+which）why(=for+which）关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词归归纳纳总总结结不可省Relative pronouns used in attributive clausesAntecedentSubjectObjectPossessiveNotepersonswho/thatwhom/who/thatwhoseA relative pronoun can be omitted when it is used as the object in a

3、n attributive clausethingswhich/thatwhich/thatwhose/of whichThis is the house which/that we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。nonrestrictiverestrictive限定性限定性 restrictive定语从句与非限定性定语从句与非限定性nonrestrictive定语从句定语从句限定性定语从句是句中不限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的

4、组成部分，主句可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间和从句之间不用逗号不用逗号隔开隔开非限定性定语从句是对非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整句意思完整.一般一般用逗号用逗号把主句和从句分开把主句和从句分开引导词：关系代词和关系引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作副词，作宾语宾语时一些关系时一些关系代词代词可以省略可以省略引导词：引导词：who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where等，等，不用不用that,不能省略不能省略1.that与与which2.对对the way的考查的考查3.介词介词

5、+关系词关系词4.as的使用的使用5.对对where的考查的考查6.综合考查综合考查考考点点难难点点1:先行词是先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等等不定代词或不定代词或 由不定代词由不定代词any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等等修饰时修饰时,引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that不用不用 which。2：先行词被形容词先行词被形容词最高级最高级或或序数词序数词修饰且指物时修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that。3:先行词中先行词中既既有人又有事物有人又有事物时，

6、引导定语从句用时，引导定语从句用 that。4:先行词被先行词被the very,the only等修饰且指物时等修饰且指物时,引导定引导定 语从句用语从句用that。5：当先行词前面当先行词前面有有who/which等疑问代词等疑问代词时，只用时，只用 that。1.指物，介词后。指物，介词后。2.用于非限制定语从句中用于非限制定语从句中只使用只使用that应应遵循的规则遵循的规则只使用只使用which应应遵循的规则遵循的规则1)Do you have anything _ you dont understand?2)The only thing _ we can do is to give

7、 you some advice.3)Who is the man _ is standing there?4)Her bag,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.5)She heard a terrible noise，_ brought her heart into her mouth.thatthatthatwhichwhich考点考点1：that 与与 which填上合适的关系词并分析原因填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult

8、to understand.2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.that/which/不填不填that/in which/不填不填缺状语缺状语缺宾语缺宾语考点考点2：the way用做先行词用做先行词3.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（04湖北）湖北）A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which高考题链接：高考题链接：考点考点3：介词：介词+关系词关系词1.Do you know the

9、boy _ _ your mother is talking?2.He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.3.I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.5.(06浙江浙江)I was given three books on cooking,the first _I really enjoyed.A.of that B.of which C.that D.whichtowhomwith whichonwhichThis is the child whom/that I will

10、 look after.4.译译：这这是我要照是我要照顾顾的小孩。的小孩。结论结论:介词介词 关系代词引导的定语关系代词引导的定语从句从句,关键是判断介词的选择关键是判断介词的选择,方方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词介词(习惯搭配习惯搭配),再则可以通过整再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活结合生活实际来判断实际来判断.3._ is known to all,he is the best student.4.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.A

11、swhich难点一：难点一：as的用法的用法asthatwhich1.It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.2.It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.asthat归纳归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such,the same,so,as 修饰，即构成修饰，即构成suchas,the same as,soas,结构，做题时容易忽略。结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。成分如：主语、宾语或表语。as 与与which引

12、导定语从句引导定语从句都能指代整句内容都能指代整句内容，但定语从，但定语从句位于句位于句首句首时，只能用时，只能用 as,意为意为“正如正如、恰如恰如”。模拟训练模拟训练：1.He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_.（04 模拟训练）模拟训练）A.as;him B.that;/C.as;/D.whom;him2.Mrs.Black took the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery.A.the same;as B.the same;where C.the same;th

13、at D.as the same;as（05 模拟训练）模拟训练）1.Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2.The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。难点二：一些特

14、殊词之后的难点二：一些特殊词之后的where解析：解析：如果定语从句分别修饰如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引引导，意思是导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.（06山东）山东）A.which B.that C.where D.when2.-Do you have anything to sa

15、y for yourself?-Yes,theres one point _ we must insist on.（06江西）江西）A.why B.where C.how D./高考题链接：高考题链接：做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。关系词。wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book.where定语从句定语从句that强调句型强调句型综合考查一：定语从句与强调句综合考查一：定语从句与强调句3.-

16、Where did you last see Mr.Smith?-It was in the hotel_ I lived.A.that B.which C.where D.when难点三难点三.综合考查综合考查近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。友情提示友情提示综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1.We all have heard

17、 the news_ our team won.2.We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.that that/which综合考查综合考查三三：定语从句与：定语从句与表表语从句语从句 The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.（05 江苏）江苏）A.which;where B.at which;which C.at which;where D.which;in which that/wh

18、ich1.We should go to the place_ we are most needed.2.We should go to the place_ needs us most.A.it B.where C.that D.whatBC 3.It was October_we met in Damiao for the first time.4.It was in October_we met in Damiao for the first time.A.that B.which C.when D.whileCA对比训练对比训练 5.He is such a good teacher_

19、 we all like him.6.He is such a good teacher_ we all like.A.whom B.that C.as D.whichBC 7.The news came_ the British Queens mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health,_ isnt surprising,because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.A.that;which B.which;which C.that;that D.when

20、;as（05 模拟训练）模拟训练）8.Heleftthekey_hehadbeenanhourbefore.Helefttheplace_helivedformanyyears.A.whichBwhereCtheplacewhichD.theplace(where引导地点状语从句，相当于引导地点状语从句，相当于intheplacewhere)(where引导定语从句，修饰引导定语从句，修饰theplace)1.By nine oclock,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,_ appear

21、ed a rare rainbow soon.（2008福建）福建）A.of which B.on which C.from which D.above which.解析：原句应该是这样的：A rare rainbow soon appeared _.这里显然应该填上“above Mount Qomolangma”。我们可以将它改写为above which并用来连接这两个句子2.The man pulled out a gold watch,_ were made of small diamonds.(2008陕西卷陕西卷)A.the hands of whomB.whom the hands

22、 ofC.which the hands of D.the hands of which 解析：“表的指针”是用钻石造的。这里涉及到了所有关系。在定语从句中，对于事物的所有关系我们可以使用whose+名词，the+名词+of which 或of which the+名词这三种形式。D项符合 the+名词+of which 结构，所以是正确的。3.Ill give you my friends home address,_ I can be reached most evenings.（08北京卷）A.which B.when C.whom D.where4.All the neighbor a

23、dmire this family,_the parents are treating their child like a friend.（2008安徽卷）A.why B.where C.which D.that 这两道题非常相似。两句的先行词分别为address和family，后面的从句缺少地点状语，所以要用in which 或where作为关系词连接。第3题稍微有些难度。首先，有些同学没有理解这句话的意思，“我会给你我朋友的家庭住址。在这个地址，大部分的晚上你都可以找到我”。后面的句子如果改写为“you can reach me most evenings”则更容易理解。5.Those

24、successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.2007 天津卷A.when B.whose C.which D.where6.We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people,most of _are healthy2007 北京卷A.that B.which C.what D.whom7.By serving others,a person focuses on someone other than hi

25、mself or herself,_ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.2007 湖南卷 A.who B.which C.what D.that 9.Chans restaurant on Baker Street,_ used to be poorly run,is now a successful business.2007 浙江卷 A.that B.which C.who D.where 8.The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad2

26、007 上海春AthatBall thatCall whatDwhich10.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose.2007 重庆卷A.with which B.to which C.of which D.for which Our class is a big family;It consists of 12 girls and 50 boys.Most of them are mainly from the country

27、side.Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy.He is always ready to help others.He is such a good boy that we all like him.Our class is a big family which consists of 12 girls and 50 boys,most of whom are mainly from the countryside.Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy,who is always ready to help others.He is s

28、uch a good boy as we all like.定语从句的运用定语从句的运用这是教我们英语的老师，旁边是她的女儿，这是教我们英语的老师，旁边是她的女儿，她女儿的名字叫张安宁。这张照片是在南京拍摄她女儿的名字叫张安宁。这张照片是在南京拍摄的；众所周知的；众所周知,南京是六朝古都，是个美丽的城南京是六朝古都，是个美丽的城市。新年就要到了，到时我会再去拜访它。市。新年就要到了，到时我会再去拜访它。Translate the short passage,using the Attributive Clause as many as possible.This is the teacher

29、who teaches us English;The girl who is sitting beside her is her daughter,whose name is Zhang Anning.This picture was taken in Nanjing,which is a beautiful city that used to be the capital of six dynasties,as is known to us all.The new year is coming,when/by which time she will visit it again.根据下列句子

30、，完成短文。根据下列句子，完成短文。众所周知，众所周知，20082008年北京成功的举办年北京成功的举办了奥运会。英语作为一种国际语言，了奥运会。英语作为一种国际语言，在交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高在交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高三学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会三学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努力学好它。只有这样，才能为祖国努力学好它。只有这样，才能为祖国贡献自己的力量。贡献自己的力量。注意：要使用定语从句注意：要使用定语从句.As is known to all,Beijing hosted As is known to all,Beijing hosted the 2008 Olympi

31、c Games.English,the 2008 Olympic Games.English,which is an international language,which is an international language,plays an important part in communicating plays an important part in communicating with foreigners.We Senior Three students with foreigners.We Senior Three students should seize this o

32、pportunity to learn it well,should seize this opportunity to learn it well,by which we can make our contributions to by which we can make our contributions to our motherlandour motherland.DomoreexercisesabouttheAttributiveClause.Practice makes perfect!Practice makes perfect!May you succeed in your studies!May you succeed in your studies!