第三章 还盘和出口还价核算.ppt
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1、国际商学系 徐艳琴邮箱:出口贸易模拟操作 第二章 还盘与出口还价核算 Buyersellerenquiry(Arequestfortradeterms)offer(Statementabouttradeterms)counter-offer(?)counter-counteroffers(?)还盘出口还盘还盘 (Counter-Offer)对于卖方报价或发盘所载的品质、数量、价格、装船日期、付款条件等,买方需要作全部或部分的修改要求,提出新的交易条件,成为还盘。交易通常要经过多次反复还盘才能最终达成协议。在出口方发盘后,进口方往往会就价格进行还盘。这时出口方通常面临三种选择:一是完全接受对方的
2、还价,合同即告成立;二是坚持原价,即拒绝对方的还价;三是针对对方的还价进行再还价,或是有条件地接受对方的还价。还盘函的基本结构1.破题部分对其发盘或报价表示感谢2.承接部分申明条件不适当提出本公司希望的条件3.结尾部分期望得到回复破题部分破题部分u就对方的发盘表示感谢就对方的发盘表示感谢WearegladtoreceiveyourletterofMarch22WethankyouforyourofferofMay15forDigitalWatchAZ-83.YourofferforCarStereosetisappreciated.InreplytoyourofferofApril15,wew
3、ouldliketomakethefollowingcounteroffer:承接部分承接部分(1)声明条件不恰当声明条件不恰当Weregrettosaywecannotacceptyourofferbecauseyourpriceistoohigh.Thepriceofyourgoodsisabout5%higherthanthatofothermanufacturers.Yourtermsofpaymentbyasightdraftaretoohardforus.Allotherfirmsaregrantingusthetermsofadraftat60days.Yourdeliveryd
4、ateofJune30istoolateforoursummercollection,whichistobefinishedduringMay.Theminimumorderof200dozenistoobigforus.(2)提出自己希望的条件提出自己希望的条件Ifyoucouldmakea10%discount,wewouldbepleasedtogiveyouanorderfor50sets.Ifyoucanmakeareductionof5%,wemaygiveyoualargetrialorder.Willyoupleasereducetheminimumorderto100doze
5、n?Ifyoucan,wearethinkingofplacingareadyorderwithyou.Wearepreparedtogiveatrialorderof100dozenprovidedyouguaranteedeliveryonorbeforeMay31.Wewouldlikeyoutogiveusthetermsofadraftat60daysinsteadofadraftatsight.结尾部分u期望得到回复期望得到回复Wehopeyouwillagreetooursuggestionsandlookforwardtoreceivingatrialorderfromyou.
6、Wewillappreiceteitifyouwillconsiderourconsiderournewofferfavorablyandfaxusyouracceptanceassoonaspossible.DearMrWang,Wearegladtoreceiveyourofferofmarch16andrelativesamples.Inreply,weregrettosaythatyourpricesarenotcompetitiveenough.Informationhereindicatesthatplushtoysfromothersupplierssoldabout5%lowe
7、rthanyours.wereallyappreciatethegoodworkmanshipandlovelydesignsofyourproducts,butarealsoawarethatthepricelevelcountsmuch,especiallyintheinitialsalesstage.tosetupthetrade,maywesuggestyougiveaspecialdiscountasfollows:KB0278USD9.3/setKB0677USD14.0/setKB5411USD11.1/setKB7900USD14.9/setCIFRotterdamon20FC
8、LbasisMeanwhile,weusuallydealwithourclientsonD/Pterms,whichiseasierandcostsavingthanL/C.Wehopethatmethodofpaymentwillbeacceptabletoyoualso.Actually,competitvepricesandflexiblepaymenttermsforatrialordercanoftenleadtoabigmarketsharewithgreatprofitinthefuture,Wehopeyouwilltakethisfactorintoaccountandwa
9、itforearlyreply.yourstruly Counter-offerDearMrTrooborg,WearepleasedtoreceiveyourmailofMarch.21.Muchtoourregret,wefinditimpossibletocomplywithyourrequest.Yourofferistoolowandcannotserveasabasisforfurthernegotiationwithourmanufacturers,Asyoumightbeware,materialsandwageshaverisenconsiderablythesedays.T
10、hepriceswequotedonMarch.16wereveryfavorableifyoutakethequalityandcraftsmanshipintoconsideration.Itishardforustomakefurtherconcession.However,inordertodevelopourmarketinyourarea.Wehavedecidedtogiveyouanexceptionalofferasfollows:CIFRotterdamon20FCLbasisArtNO.KB0278USD9.6/setArtNO.KB0677USD14.5/setArtN
11、O.KB5411USD11.5/setArtNO.KB7900USD15.4/setOtherconditionsremainedunchanged.WehavenotedyourrequestforD/Pterms.Unfortunatelyourcompanyneverofferdocumentarycollectiontermstocustomersuntiltheytradedwithusforoverayear.Wearereallysorrythatwecannotbemorehelpfulatpresent.Inveiwoftheheavydemandforthisline,we
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