新光医院感染科败血症标准作业流程.pptx
《新光医院感染科败血症标准作业流程.pptx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《新光医院感染科败血症标准作业流程.pptx(55页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、新光醫院感染科敗血症標準作業流程新光醫院感染科敗血症標準作業流程severe sepsis and septic shock新光醫院感染科黃建賢SEPSISDEFINITIONS microbesmicrobes involves a involves a rapidly amplifying rapidly amplifying polyphony of signals polyphony of signals and responses that and responses that may spreadmay spread beyond beyond the invaded tissue
2、.the invaded tissue.1.敗血症的定義敗血症的定義1.1.敗血症的定義敗血症的定義敗血症的定義敗血症的定義1.11.1宿主因微生物感染大量繁殖並造而造成全身性症狀,宿主因微生物感染大量繁殖並造而造成全身性症狀,臨床上可表現出發燒,低體溫,寒顫,呼吸加速,心臨床上可表現出發燒,低體溫,寒顫,呼吸加速,心搏加速,宿主因為微生物的侵犯而表現出搏加速,宿主因為微生物的侵犯而表現出”系統性發系統性發炎反應症候群炎反應症候群”(systemic inflammatory response”(systemic inflammatory response syndromesyndrome,S
3、IRS)SIRS)1.2”1.2”系統性發炎反應症候群系統性發炎反應症候群”定義為包函下列或兩者以定義為包函下列或兩者以上上1.2.1 1.2.1 體溫體溫3838度度C C以上或以上或3636度度C C以下以下1.2.2 1.2.2 心跳速度超越每分鐘心跳速度超越每分鐘9090下下1.2.3 1.2.3 呼吸速率超越每分鐘呼吸速率超越每分鐘2020下下1.2.4 1.2.4 血液中白血球大於每毫升血液中白血球大於每毫升1200012000或小於每毫升或小於每毫升40004000或含百分之或含百分之1010以上之不成熟白血球以上之不成熟白血球(bands)(bands)ETIOLOGYgram
4、-negativegram-negative and and gram-gram-positive bacteriapositive bacteria fungi,fungi,mycobacteria,mycobacteria,rickettsiae,rickettsiae,viruses,viruses,or protozoansor protozoansPositive blood cultures:Positive blood cultures:30 to 6030 to 60%of patients with%of patients with sepsissepsis 60 to 80
5、60 to 80%of patients with%of patients with septic septic shockshockSepsisDefinitions Used to Describethe Condition of Septic PatientsBacteremiaSystemic inflammatoryresponse syndrome(SIRS)SepsisSevere sepsisSeptic shockMultiple-organ dysfunctionsyndrome(MODS)Presence of bacteria in bloodFever,tachypn
6、ea,tachycardia,leukocytosis/leukopeniaSIRS has a proven or suspectedmicrobial etiologySepsis with 1 signs of organdysfunctionSepsis with hypotension or needfor vasopressorDysfunction of 1 organEpidemiology of Sepsis in theUnited States from 1979-2000N Engl J Med 2003;348:1546-54.EPIDEMIOLOGY2/3:2/3:
7、in hospitalized patients.in hospitalized patients.Risk FactorsRisk Factors to to GNB bacteremiaGNB bacteremia diabetes mellitusdiabetes mellitus lymphoproliferative diseaseslymphoproliferative diseases cirrhosis of the livercirrhosis of the liver burnsburns invasive procedures or devicesinvasive pro
8、cedures or devices drugs that cause neutropeniadrugs that cause neutropeniaEPIDEMIOLOGYRisk factors for GPC bacteremia vascular catheters,vascular catheters,indwelling mechanical devices,indwelling mechanical devices,burns,burns,intravenous drug injection.intravenous drug injection.Fungemia:immunosu
9、ppressed patients immunosuppressed patients neutropenianeutropenia broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapybroad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy TPNTPN Intestinal perforationIntestinal perforationPATHOPHYSIOLOGYEndotoxinGram negative bacilliLipopolysaccharide(LPS,also called endotoxin)PATHOPHYSIOLOGYMicr
10、obial signalsGram positive cocciGram positive coccipeptidoglycanpeptidoglycan and and lipoteichoic acidslipoteichoic acids extracellular enzymesextracellular enzymes敗血症的症狀敗血症的症狀Fever or hypothermia(low body temperature)Fever or hypothermia(low body temperature)Hyperventilation Hyperventilation Chill
11、s Chills Shaking Shaking Warm skin Warm skin Skin rash Skin rash Rapid heart beat Rapid heart beat Confusion or delirium Confusion or delirium Decreased urine output Decreased urine output CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONSCLINICAL MANIFESTATIONSS/S:S/S:fever,chills,tachycardia,tachypnea,altered mental fever,c
12、hills,tachycardia,tachypnea,altered mental status,and hypotension.status,and hypotension.afebrile afebrile common in neonates,in elderly patients common in neonates,in elderly patients and in persons with uremia or alcoholism.and in persons with uremia or alcoholism.CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONSLlaborator
13、y finding:Llaboratory finding:C-reactive proteinC-reactive protein fibrinogenfibrinogen complement componentscomplement components transferrintransferrin inhibits albumin synthesis inhibits albumin synthesis Leukocytosis,left shiftLeukocytosis,left shiftLABORATORY FINDINGSEarly sepsis Early sepsis l
14、eukocytosis with a left shiftleukocytosis with a left shift Respiratory alkalosisRespiratory alkalosis ThrombocytopeniaThrombocytopenia HyperbilirubinemiaHyperbilirubinemia proteinuria.proteinuria.neutrophils may contain toxic granulations,Dohle neutrophils may contain toxic granulations,Dohle bodie
15、s,or cytoplasmic vacuolesbodies,or cytoplasmic vacuolesLABORATORY FINDINGSProgressing of sepsis:Progressing of sepsis:thrombocytopenia worsens thrombocytopenia worsens prolongation of the thrombin timeprolongation of the thrombin time decreased fibrinogendecreased fibrinogen presence of D-dimers,sug
16、gesting DIC)presence of D-dimers,suggesting DIC)Azotemia,hyperbilirubinemia become prominentAzotemia,hyperbilirubinemia become prominent Elevated GOT GPTElevated GOT GPTLABORATORY FINDINGSProgressing sepsis:Progressing sepsis:hyperventilation induces hyperventilation induces respiratory alkalosisres
17、piratory alkalosis.accumulation of lactate,accumulation of lactate,metabolic acidosismetabolic acidosis(with increased anion gap)(with increased anion gap)hyperglycemiahyperglycemia,severe infection may precipitate,severe infection may precipitate diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)
18、Multiple organ dysfunction syndromeMOF:Dysfunction or failure of multiple organsDysfunction or failure of multiple organsreflecting widespread vascular endothelial reflecting widespread vascular endothelial injuryinjuryassociated with high fatality rates.associated with high fatality rates.Mortality
19、 and morbidity correlate with the Mortality and morbidity correlate with the number number of organs affected.of organs affected.DIAGNOSISS/S-Progressing sepsis tachypnea,tachypnea,tachycardia,tachycardia,altered mental status,altered mental status,The septic response can be quite variableThe septic
20、 response can be quite variablesystemic inflammatory response syndrome systemic inflammatory response syndrome SIRSSIRSDIAGNOSISDefinitive diagnosisDefinitive diagnosis isolation of the microorganism from blood or a local isolation of the microorganism from blood or a local infected site infected si
21、te Grams stainGrams stain culture of the primary site of infection.culture of the primary site of infection.TREATMENTSepsis may be fatal quickly.Sepsis may be fatal quickly.Successful managementSuccessful management urgent measures to treat the local urgent measures to treat the local site of infect
22、ionsite of infection,hemodynamic and respiratory supporthemodynamic and respiratory support eliminate the eliminate the offending microorganismoffending microorganism Therapy of acidosis and DIC,other complicationsTherapy of acidosis and DIC,other complicationsTREATMENTOutcome Outcome influenced by
23、the patients influenced by the patients underlying diseaseunderlying disease aggressively treated.aggressively treated.Antimicrobial agents Antimicrobial agents PROGNOSISMortality:More than 25%1/3 within the first 48 h mortality can occur 14 or more days later.Late deaths poorly controlled infection
24、poorly controlled infectioncomplications of intensive carecomplications of intensive caremultiple organs failuremultiple organs failure2.敗血症初期之緊急處理敗血症初期之緊急處理2.1 2.1 敗血症最初七小時之緊急處理措施著眼於恢敗血症最初七小時之緊急處理措施著眼於恢復因敗血症所引起的低血流灌注,恢復組織復因敗血症所引起的低血流灌注,恢復組織功能,應包含以下所有之緊急處理功能,應包含以下所有之緊急處理2.1.1 2.1.1 中心靜脈壓維持中心靜脈壓維持8-1
25、2mmHg8-12mmHg2.1.2 2.1.2 平均動脈壓維持大於等於平均動脈壓維持大於等於65 mmHg65 mmHg2.1.3 2.1.3 小便量維持大於等於每小時每公斤體重小便量維持大於等於每小時每公斤體重0.50.5毫升毫升2.1.4 2.1.4 中心靜脈氧飽含量維持大於等於中心靜脈氧飽含量維持大於等於70702.敗血症初期之緊急處理敗血症初期之緊急處理2.2 臨床檢驗2.2.12.2.1由周邊靜脈至少抽取由周邊靜脈至少抽取2 2至至3 3套血液培養後盡快給予抗生素治療套血液培養後盡快給予抗生素治療2.2.22.2.2盡快找尋可能之感染部位並取得檢體,如導管相關之感染,呼盡快找尋可能
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 新光 医院 感染 败血症 标准 作业 流程
限制150内