齐鲁医学先天性心脏病y.pptx
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1、Congenital Heart Disease(CHD)Shengjing HospitalPediatricsYu XuexinPediatrics,Shengjing Hospital2022/12/20IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionCHD is defined as an abnormality in circulatory structure or function that is present at birth,even if it is discovered much later.Incidence:6.9 in
2、 alive neonatal.150,000 neonatal suffer from CHD in China per year.New treatments:catheterization、development of operation,etc.2021/7/27 星期二2Pediatrics,Shengjing Hospital2022/12/20ObjectandRequestObjectandRequestObjectandRequestObjectandRequestFamiliar with the etiology and classification of CHD.Mas
3、ter the hemodynamics、clinical menifestation and diagnosis of common complications in VSD,ASD,PDA and TOF.2021/7/27 星期二3Pediatrics,Shengjing Hospital2022/12/20EtiologyEtiologyEtiologyEtiologyInternal factors:gene mutation or chromosome aberration.External factors:intraureteral infection、ray、drug、meta
4、bolic diseases、intraureteral hypoxia.2021/7/27 星期二4Pediatrics,Shengjing Hospital2022/12/20ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassificationleft-to-right shunts Cyanosis maybe VSD、PDA、ASD right-to-left shunts non-shuntsCyanosis TOF、dislocation of main arteryPulmonary artery stenosis、aortic ste
5、nosisBased on shunt between right and left heart2021/7/27 星期二5Pediatrics,Shengjing Hospital2022/12/20Patent ductus arteriosusPatent ductus arteriosus PDAPDACommonCHDinClinicCommonCHDinClinicCommonCHDinClinicCommonCHDinClinicAtrial septal defectAtrial septal defect ASDASDVentricular septal defectVent
6、ricular septal defect VSDVSDTetralogy of FallotTetralogy of Fallot TOFTOF1 12 23 34 42021/7/27 星期二6Pediatrics,Shengjing Hospital2022/12/20VentricularSeptalDefectVentricularSeptalDefect(VSDVSD)1、membrane defect 85%2、muscular defect3、funnel defect 10%20-50 VSD can close up without treatment.1、minor de
7、fect2、media defect3、major defectAnatomyMost common,30%in CHD。2021/7/27 星期二7Pediatrics,Shengjing Hospital2022/12/20PathobiologyPathobiologyPathobiologyPathobiologyRV blood,pulmonary hypertension,persistent cyanosis(Eisenmenger syndrome)LV blood,body circulation 2021/7/27 星期二8Pediatrics,Shengjing Hosp
8、ital2022/12/20HemodynamicsHemodynamicsHemodynamicsHemodynamicsBefore pulmonary hypertensionBefore pulmonary hypertension RARV(blood)Pulmonary artery(dilation)Pulmonary circlation (congestion)RV(dilation)LA(hypertrophy)LV(hypertrophy)(射血量减少)(射血量减少)body circulationBlood volumeshunt2021/7/27 星期二9Pediat
9、rics,Shengjing Hospital2022/12/20HemodynamicsHemodynamicsHemodynamicsHemodynamicsBody circulation(mixed blood)RALAPulmonary Artery dilationRV(Dilation)After pulmonary After pulmonary hypertensionhypertensionLVDynamic PulmonaryhypertesionObstructive pulmonary hypertesionshunt2021/7/27 星期二10Pediatrics
10、,Shengjing Hospital2022/12/20ClinicalManifestationClinicalManifestationClinicalManifestationClinicalManifestation症状:分流量大时:生长迟缓、体重不增、消瘦、喂症状:分流量大时:生长迟缓、体重不增、消瘦、喂养困难、活动后乏力、气短、多汗、反复呼吸道感染、养困难、活动后乏力、气短、多汗、反复呼吸道感染、心衰。声音嘶哑(肺动脉压迫喉返神经)。心衰。声音嘶哑(肺动脉压迫喉返神经)。体征:胸骨左缘体征:胸骨左缘3 3、4 4肋间肋间-粗糙的全收缩期杂音,粗糙的全收缩期杂音,向四周传导,伴有震
11、颤。向四周传导,伴有震颤。肺动脉第二音亢进。肺动脉第二音亢进。二尖瓣相对狭窄的较柔和舒张中期杂音二尖瓣相对狭窄的较柔和舒张中期杂音2021/7/27 星期二11Pediatrics,Shengjing Hospital2022/12/20ExaminationExaminationExaminationExaminationX X线:左、右心室增大,以左室增大为主,主动脉线:左、右心室增大,以左室增大为主,主动脉弓影较小,肺动脉段突出,肺野充血。艾森曼格弓影较小,肺动脉段突出,肺野充血。艾森曼格综合征:肺动脉主支增粗,肺外周血管影很少,综合征:肺动脉主支增粗,肺外周血管影很少,宛如枯萎的枯枝。
12、宛如枯萎的枯枝。心电图心电图USUS2021/7/27 星期二12Pediatrics,Shengjing Hospital2022/12/20ComplicationsandtreatmentComplicationsandtreatmentComplicationsandtreatmentComplicationsandtreatment合并症合并症 支气管肺炎、心衰、肺水肿、亚急性细菌性心内膜炎支气管肺炎、心衰、肺水肿、亚急性细菌性心内膜炎治疗治疗 小型缺损:不一定手术治疗。小型缺损:不一定手术治疗。中型缺损:中型缺损:5-65-6岁做手术。岁做手术。大型缺损并反复心衰者:可在大型缺损并
13、反复心衰者:可在6 6月月-2-2岁内做手术。岁内做手术。介入治疗介入治疗2021/7/27 星期二13Pediatrics,Shengjing Hospital2022/12/20Atrial Atrial Septal DefectSeptal Defect ASDASDASDASD5-10%5-10%病理解剖:病理解剖:1.1.原发孔型:约占原发孔型:约占15%15%,缺损位于心内膜垫与房间隔交界处。,缺损位于心内膜垫与房间隔交界处。2.2.继发孔型:中央型,最常见,约占继发孔型:中央型,最常见,约占75%75%,缺损位于房间隔,缺损位于房间隔中心卵圆窝。中心卵圆窝。3.3.静脉窦型:约
14、占静脉窦型:约占5%5%,分为上腔型和下腔型。,分为上腔型和下腔型。4.4.冠状静脉窦型:约占冠状静脉窦型:约占2%2%,缺损位于冠状静脉窦上端与左,缺损位于冠状静脉窦上端与左心房间。心房间。2021/7/27 星期二14Pediatrics,Shengjing Hospital2022/12/20Atrial Atrial Septal DefectSeptal Defect ASDASDASDASDHemodynamicsHemodynamics2021/7/27 星期二15Pediatrics,Shengjing Hospital2022/12/20Hemodynamic ChangeH
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