会计与财务课堂讲稿 - 第一讲.ppt
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1、硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 电子商务环境中会计与财务刘曼璐浙江大学管理学院硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 第一章 绪论电子商务概念和发展介绍电子商务对会计和财务的影响硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 电子商务概念电子商务有广义和狭义之分。狭义的电子商务也称作电子交易(e一commerce),主要是指利用Web提供的通信手段在网上进行的交易。而广义的电子商务包括电子交易在内的利用Web进行的全部商业活动,如市场分析、客户联系、物资调配等等,
2、亦称作电子商业(e-business。这些商务活动可以发生于公司内部、公司之间及公司与客户之间。硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 从不同角度审视电子商务从通讯角度看,电子商务是在Internet上传递信息、产品服务或进行支付;从服务的角度看,电子商务是一个工具,它能满足企业、消费者、管理者的愿望在提高产品质量和加快产品用务交付的速度的同时降低服务的成本;从在线的角度看,电子商务提供了通过Internet的销售信息、产品、服务;从企业经营的微观角度看,电子商务是通过Internet支持企业的交易活动,即产品或服务的买卖;从企业经营的宏观角度看,电
3、子商务是基于Internet,支持企业经营的产、供、销、人事、财务等全部活动的自动化。硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 IBM公司对电子商务的定义电子商务是在Internet的广阔联系与传统信息技术系统的丰富资源相互结合的背景下,应运而生的一种在互联网上展开的相互关联的动态商务活动,电子商务有广义和狭义之分。硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 电子商务的产生和发展硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 Internet Users in AsiaEsti
4、mates in Millions012345678910199719981999200020012002AustraliaNew ZealandKoreaPR ChinaHong KongTaiwanSingaporeMalaysiaIndonesiaPhilippinesThailandVietnamIndia硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧“Physical World”Credit Card Payment System Check for Valid Accountand Available CreditConsumerMerchan
5、tMerchant AcquirerCredit Card IssuerAuthorization RequestFinancialNetworkResponse硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 Internet Payment:The Foundation of Internet Commerce MerchantConsumerPaymentFinancial InstitutionThe InternetBrowserCredit CardPurchase CardE-CashE-CheckInternetStorefrontIntern
6、etGatewayFinancialHostExistingFinancialNetworkvWALLETvPOSvGATE硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 SETCiO-joint efforts of VISA and Mastercard to drve SET paymentConsumerInternet ExplorerNetscape NavigatorvWALLETPaymentControlSecure DataVeriFone vPOSWebServerStorefront/CatalogOrderingReceiptMgm
7、tPaymentTransactionMgmtInternet StorefrontMerchantBankvGATEInternetGatewayFirewallEnd-to-End Internet Commerce Solution硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 Certificate Authority-Trusted Third PartyCertificationAuthorityUserAA Apply for CertificateCA should be trusted by everybodyRegistrationAut
8、hority Approves Certificate Issuance Generates Certificate Sign the Certifcate硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 EXAMPLE of e-services-A fair,dynamic matching system SchoolsStudents硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 Computing ParadigmsComputing ParadigmsTimeTime19601970198019902000Pene
9、trationPenetrationBatchBatchComputing&Computing&TimesharingTimesharingDistributedDistributedComputingComputingNetworkedNetworkedPersonalPersonalComputingComputingCooperativeCooperativeComputingComputingMainframesMainframesMinisMinisMicrosMicrosClients&ServersClients&ServersUtility ComputingUtility C
10、omputingAppliances&Appliances&UtilitiesUtilitiesInternet&WWWInternet&WWW硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 The Basic Economic ModelGovernments TransportationBanksManufacturersWholesalersRetailersConsumersIntermediariesMarket ChainsCommunications硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 B2B vs
11、.B2C E-CommerceConsumersGovernments TransportationBanksManufacturersWholesalersRetailersIntermediariesMarket ChainsB2CE-CommerceB2B E-CommerceCommunications硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 Various Views of B2B ECB2B EC is selling and buying between businesses on the InternetB2B EC is to lin
12、k the business intranets via extranetsB2B EC is Internet EDIB2B EC is the automation of supply chains硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 E-Commerce Between Business(NITA Report)Coordination between the purchasing operations of a company and its suppliers;The logistics planners in a company and
13、 the transportation companies;The sales organizations and the wholesalers or retailers that sell its products;The customer service operations and the companys final customers 硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 E-Commerce AdvantagesReduced inventory/the right product in stockLower cycle timesM
14、ore efficient and effective customer serviceLower sales and marketing costsNew sales opportunities硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 电子商务与企业硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 B2B E-Commerce Cases(NITA Report)Cisco SystemsKey functions on the Internet70%Tech support;40%Ordering;90%Softw
15、are updatesYearly savings using networked businessTech support($125M);Human resources($8M);Software distribution($180M);Marketing materials($50M)硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 B2B E-Commerce Cases(NITA Report)Dell Computer CorporationOnline sales and traffic in 4Q of 1997$3M+/day 120K tec
16、h support queries/wk 400,000 visitors/wk 17%sales outside US硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 B2B E-Commerce Cases(NITA Report)Dell Computer Corporation Benefits of the Internet Additional revenue from new customers Lower sales/Marketing costs Lower service/support costs Enhanced customer re
17、lationships硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 B2B E-Commerce Cases(NITA Report)BoeingSpare parts business 11/1996,Boeing started its PART page Over 50%of its customers use it for parts ordersTechnical drawings/support Boeing On Line Data distributes engineering drawings,manuals,catalogs,and o
18、ther tech info to 7,500 users across its airplane customers硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 B2B E-Commerce Cases(NITA Report)BoeingBenefits to Boeings customers(A European airline for instance)Increased productivity(4%boost in maintenance)Reduced costs(reduce 5-10%repair delays)Increased re
19、venue($3M revenue increase due to 1-2 days/year more flying time per airplane)硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 B2B E-Commerce Cases(NITA Report)Federal Express Networking SystemsDelivers 2.5 m packs daily to 211 countriesFedEx PowerShip in mid 1980s(link to FedEx)FedEx Ship in 1995(PC Modem
20、 link to FedEx)FedEx InterNetShip in July 1996(Internet link)FedEx COSMOS(FedExs network system)硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 B2B E-Commerce Cases(NITA Report)Federal Express Online ServicesCOSMOS allows customers to track FedEx shipments in real timedirect FedEx shipmentThird party ship
21、ment through FedExFedEx operates logistics of its customersNational Semiconductor outsourced its order processing management to FedExHandles customer services for some manufacturers硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里巧巧 B2B E-Commerce Cases(NITA Report)Benefits to Federal ExpressInternet has incr
22、eased FedExs businessHelping reaching out to more individual customersMore companies sell online and need fast delivery Estimated saving of 20,000 employeesLower operating costs due to online trackingBetter customer service through real time information service硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴硬商品买卖在阿里巴巴 软商品交易在阿里巧巧软商品交易在阿里
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