教育专题：必修一Unit1语法直接引语转化为间接引语.ppt

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1、人教课标人教课标高一高一必修必修1Unit1ShesaidthathernamewasAnneFrankandherfamilywasJewish.MynameisAnneFrankandmyfamilyisJewish.MyfamilyandIarehidinginAmsterdam.ShesaidthatsheandherfamilywerehidinginAmsterdam.MyonlytruefriendisKittymydiary.ShesaidthatheronlytruefriendwasKittyherdiary.Afterhidinghereforalongtime,Iveb

2、ecomecrazyaboutnature.Shesaidthatafterhidingthereforalongtime,shehadbecomecrazyaboutnature.Annesaid:“MynameisAnneFrankandmyfamilyisJewish.”(Directspeech)ShesaidthatsheandherfamilywerehidinginAmsterdam.(Indirectspeech)引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是原封一是原封不动地引用原话不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内把它放在引号内,这叫直接这叫直接引语引语(D

3、irectspeech);一是用自己的话加以转一是用自己的话加以转述述,这叫间接引语这叫间接引语(Indirectspeech)。直接引语和间接引语可分为三大类：直接引语和间接引语可分为三大类：1 1）陈述句）陈述句3 3）祈使句）祈使句2 2）疑问句（一般疑问句、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）特殊疑问句）*还包括：感叹句Grammar:DirectandIndirectSpeech(1)1.转述他人的陈述转述他人的陈述陈述句陈述句SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.1)Hesaid,“ImgoingtoBeijing.”HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing

4、.2)Heasked,“Areyouateacher?”Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.3)Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”2.转述他人的疑问转述他人的疑问一般疑问句一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题转述他人的问题特殊疑问句特殊疑问句解题步骤解题步骤:1.1.陈述句陈述句:“Idontlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.Sarahsaidtoherfriends that Idontlikecomputers.saiddidntsheSarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidntlikecom

5、puters.Sarah1.“Ilikereadingstories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthathelikedreadingstories.2.“Idontlikecars,”Sarahsaidtohim.Sarahtoldhimthatshedidntlikecars.2.直接引语转变为间接引语时，人称要直接引语转变为间接引语时，人称要进行相应变化；且主句动词为一般过进行相应变化；且主句动词为一般过去时时，去时时，从句动词时态应为过去时的从句动词时态应为过去时的相应时态。相应时态。直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称，变间直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称，变间 接引语时，人称要做相

6、应调整。接引语时，人称要做相应调整。1.Shesaid,“Iamhungry.”Shesaidshewashungry.2.Mumsaidtome,“Youcandoityourself.”MumtoldmethatIcoulddoitmyself.3.Mr.Smithsaid,“Heisagoodworker.Mr.Smithsaidthathewasagoodworker.1.人称的变化人称的变化1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat_lookedworriedthatday.2.Wesaidtoher,“Theyreclea

7、ningtheroom.”Wetoldherthat_werecleaningtheroom.3.Mr.Blacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongway.”Mr.Blacksaidthat_hadwalkedalongway.Itheyhe2.2.时态变化时态变化 直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。要与主句的时态一致。Hesays,“Itreatyouasmyson.”Hesaysthathetreatsmeashisson.1.主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时,现在完成时或一般现在完成时或一般将来时的时候将来时的时候,间接

8、引语时态不变。间接引语时态不变。直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般一般现现在在时时“Iknowit,”hesaid.一般一般过过去去时时Hesaidheknewit.2.当主句为过去时当主句为过去时,从句要跟着相应的变化。从句要跟着相应的变化。现在进行时现在进行时“Immakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.过去进行时过去进行时Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)现在完成时现在完成时“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.过去完

9、成时过去完成时Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时Hesaid,“Ihavebeendoingitforhours.”过去完成进行时过去完成进行时Hesaidhehadbeendoingitforhours.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般过去时一般过去时“IsawherlastMonday,”hesaid.过去完成时过去完成时HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday.过去进行时过去进行时“IwaswaitingforJim,”shesaid.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时Shesaids

10、hehadbeenwaitingforJim.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般将来时一般将来时Hesaid:“Weshallstarttomorrow.”过去将来时过去将来时Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.过去完成时过去完成时“Rickhadbeenillformanydaystillhedied.”Jacksaid.过去完成时过去完成时JacksaidRickhadbeenillformanydaystillhedied.一般现在时一般现在时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时一般一

11、般过去过去时时过去过去完成时完成时过去过去进行时进行时过去过去将来时将来时过去过去完成时完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时不变不变1.“Itisreallycold,”shesaidtome.Shetoldmethatit_reallycold.was2.“IdontwanttogotherewithAlice,”saidTom.Tomsaidthathe_wanttogotherewithAlice.didnt3.Theboysaid,“Iwillbeapilot.”Theboysaidthathe_apilot.”wouldbe4.Tomsaid,“Wearelistening

12、tomusic.”Tomsaidthatthey_music.werelisteningto5.Mikesaid,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”Mikesaid_hishomework.hehadfinished 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语时时 间间 状状 语语 nowtodaythisweekyesterdaylastweekfourdaysagotomorrownextmonththedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterdaythenthatdaythatweekthedaybeforetheweekbeforefourdays

13、beforethenextdaythenextmonthintwodaystimetwodaysbefore3.3.其他变化其他变化 Hesaid,“Ilostakeyhereyesterday.”Hesaidthathehadlostakeytherethedaybefore/thepreviousday.“Ireadthebookhereaweekago,”Janesaidtohim.Janetoldhimthatshehadreadthebookthereaweekbefore/earlier.d.Change adverbials of time and place 直接引语直接引语

14、间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向性动词 thisthatthesethoseheretherecome gobringtakeShesaid,“Illcomehereagaintonight.”Shesaidshewouldgothereagainthatnight.Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”Hesaidthathewanted that.MaysaidtoTom,“Illbringsomephotosheretoyoutomorrow.”MaytoldTomshewouldtakesomephotostheretohimthenextday.直接

15、引语中的助动词直接引语中的助动词 间接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshallshouldshouldshouldshouldShouldShould（不变）（不变）willwillwouldwouldwouldwouldWouldWould（不变）（不变）maymaymightmightmightmightMightMight（不变）（不变）cancancouldcouldcouldcouldCouldCould（不变）（不变）mustmustMust/had toMust/had to一般疑问句一般疑问句 He said,“Do you have any difficulty

16、with pronunciation?”He asked(me)whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.He said,“You are interested in English,arent you?”He asked whether I was interested in English.间接引语用连词间接引语用连词whether或或if引导，原主句中引导，原主句中谓语动词谓语动词said要改为要改为asked(me/him/us等等)，语序是陈述句的语序语序是陈述句的语序 1.一般疑问句一般疑问句:Isiteasytoi

17、mprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.askediswasTheyaskedhimif itwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.2.2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 He said to me，“Whats your name?”He asked me what my name was.He asked us,“How many car

18、 factories have been built in your country?”He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序来表达，语序改为陈述句语序改为陈述句语序 3.特殊疑问句：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheatyou harvestthewheat.hehehar

19、vestedTheyaskedhimwhenhe harvestedthewheat.3.3.选择疑问句选择疑问句 He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”He asked me whether I spoke English or French.I asked,“Will you take bus or take train?”I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.用用whetheror表达，而不用表达，而不用ifor，也，也不用不用eitheror 疑问句变为间接引语时疑问句变为间

20、接引语时,除了除了要把疑问语序改为要把疑问语序改为陈述语序陈述语序,由由whether/if或特殊疑问词引或特殊疑问词引导外导外,人称、时态和状语人称、时态和状语等也等也要作相应地变化要作相应地变化。1.“Idontknowtheaddressofmynewhome,”saidAnne.Annesaidthatshedidntknowtheaddressofhernewhome.2.“Ivegottiredoflookingatnaturethroughdirtycurtainsanddustywindows,”Annesaidtoherfather.Annetoldherfatherthat

21、shehadgottiredoflookingatnaturethroughdirtycurtainsanddustywindows.3.“Ineedtopackupmythingsinthesuitcaseveryquickly,”thegirlsaid.4.“Whydidyouchooseyourdiaryandoldletters?”herfatheraskedher.Thegirlsaidthatsheneededtopackupherthingsinthesuitcaseveryquickly.Herfatheraskedherwhyshechose/hadchosenherdiar

22、yandoldletters.5.Motheraskedherif/whethershewasveryhotwithsomanyclotheson.6.Margotaskedherwhatelseshehadhiddenunderherovercoat.“Areyouveryhotwithsomanyclotheson?”Motherasked/saidtoher.“Whatelsehaveyouhiddenunderyourovercoat?”Margotaskedher.7.Anneaskedherfatherwhentheywouldgobackhome.8.FatheraskedAnn

23、ewhyshehadtalkedsomuchtothatboy.“Whenshallwegobackhome?”Anneaskedherfather.“Whydidyoutalksomuchtothatboy?”FatheraskedAnne.由直接引语转变为间接引语，下列情由直接引语转变为间接引语，下列情况时态不变况时态不变:Theteachersaidthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.Theteachersaid,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.”1.不变的真理不变的真理2.经常

24、的习惯：经常的习惯：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用：状语连用：Theteachersaid,“Thebabywasbornin2010.”Theteachersaidthebabywasbornin2010.时态的变化：时态的变化：1.当主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时的当主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时的时候，从句动词时态不变。时候，从句动词时态不变。1)She ofte

25、n says,“All men and women are equal under the law.”变为：变为：She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.2)“You did very well,”I have just told Tom.变为：变为：I have just told Tom that he did very well.4.部分情态动词部分情态动词,如如:must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等。等。Shesaidtome,“Youmusthurryup.”Shesaidth

26、atImusthurryup.如果在当地转述如果在当地转述,here不必改为不必改为there,动词动词come不必改为不必改为go。如果在当天。如果在当天转述转述,yesterday/tomorrow等时间状语等时间状语也不必改变。也不必改变。A:Youneedntcomeheretomorrow.B:Whatdidshesay?C:Shesaidthatyouneedntcomeheretomorrow.Exercises:1.Hesaid,“ImafraidIcantfinishthiswork.”2.Hesaid,“IhaventheardfromhimsinceMay.”3.Toms

27、aid“Iwillseeyounextweek.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldntfinishthatwork.HesaidthathehadntheardfromhimsinceMay.Tomsaidthathewouldseemethenextweek.4.“Why were you late again?”The teacher said to me.5.“I dont like swimming,”said Sarah.6.His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.7.“Have you been to P

28、aris?”My classmate asked me.TheteacheraskedmewhyIwaslateagain.Sarahsaidshedidntlikeswimming.Hisfriendsaskedhim,“WillyougotoDalian?”MyclassmateaskedmeifIhadbeentoParis.1.Theteacheraskedthegirl,“Whyareyoucryinghere?”Theteacheraskedthegirl_crying_.2.“Whenwilltheplanetakeoff?”Iwondered.Iwondered_.whyshe

29、wastherewhentheplanewouldtakeoff3.“Haveyouseenourplaneyourself?”heaskedtheboy.Heaskedtheboy_plane_.whetherhehadseentheirhimself4.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher_thesun_intheeast.whetherrises.单项填空单项填空1.Tomtoldhisteacherthathebornin1980.A.wasB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen【解解析析】

30、选选A。出出生生是是客客观观事事实实，变变为为间间接接引引语语时时时时态态不不变变。故选故选A。2.Thechildaskedhismothergoouttoplaytennis.2011潍坊高一检测潍坊高一检测A.thathecouldB.ifhecouldC.ifcouldheD.thatcouldbe【解解析析】选选B。直直接接引引语语若若为为一一般般疑疑问问句句，变变为为间间接接引引语语时时，常用常用if或或whether来引导，且从句中用陈述句语序。来引导，且从句中用陈述句语序。3.Theteachersaidtheeartharoundthesun.A.ismovingB.hadm

31、ovedC.movedD.moves【解解析析】选选D。间间接接引引语语theearthmovesaroundthesun是是一一个客观事实，变为宾语从句时时态不变。个客观事实，变为宾语从句时时态不变。4.MikesaidhewouldcomebacktoChina.A.tomorrowB.nextdayC.thenextdayD.thedaybefore【解解析析】选选C。直直接接引引语语变变间间接接引引语语时时tomorrow要要改改为为thenextday,yesterday要要变变成成thedaybefore;由由would可可判判断断答答案为案为C。5.Mycousintoldmet

32、hatshefortheUnitedStatestheweek.2011临沂高一检测临沂高一检测A.hasleft;agoB.hadleft;agoC.left;agoD.hadleft;before【解解析析】选选D。间间接接引引语语中中应应用用before而而不不用用ago，由由此此可可排排除除A、B、C三三项项。由由于于“leave”发发生生在在“told”之之前前故故应应用过去完成时。用过去完成时。6.Hesaidthathehadthere10minutesbeforeAgoneBcomeCwentDgoing【解解析析】选选A。直直接接引引语语变变间间接接引引语语时时，从从句句中中

33、的的谓谓语语动动词词come(here)要改为要改为go(there)。7.Iaskedhimhewouldstayathomeorgooutforhiking.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD./【解解析析】选选B。直直接接引引语语如如果果是是选选择择疑疑问问句句，变变间间接接引引语语时时选选择择疑疑问问句句变变为为由由whether.or.引引导导的的宾宾语语从从句句，而而不不用用if.or.引引导导宾宾语语从从句句。该该句句直直接接引引语语为为：Iaskedhim,“Willyoustayathomeorgooutforhiking?”8.Shesaidwasthebestpre

34、sentshehadeverreceived.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.whether【解解析析】选选A。直直接接引引语语变变间间接接引引语语时时，指指示示代代词词this要要改改为为that。9.Theoldmanaskedmewithmybike.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematterwasC.whatsthematterD.whatwasthematter【解解析析】选选D。Whatsthematterwithsb.?某某人人怎怎么么了了？本本身身就就是是陈陈述述句句语语序序。主主句句时时态态为为过过去去时时，故故从从句句也也应应用用过过去去时。时。10.Shesaid,“Englishismyfavoritesubject.”ShesaidthatEnglishwasfavoritesubjectA.myB.aC.hisD.her【解解析析】选选D。考考查查直直接接引引语语变变为为间间接接引引语语后后人人称称的的变变化化。本题应把本题应把my变为变为her，与主语，与主语she保持一致。保持一致。Reviewtherulesofdirectspeechandindirectspeech.