自动化与电子信息专业英语[杨植新][电子教案]Part 5.ppt

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1、Prat 5 Sensing Technology5.1 Sensors in manufacturing5.2 Microthermocouples5.3 Pressure Microsensors5.4 QProx QT113 Charge-Transfer Touch Sensor(1)5.5 QProx QT113 Charge-Transfer Touch Sensor(II)Sensing Technology5.1 Sensors in manufacturingSensing Technology5.1 Sensors in manufacturing5.1.1Speciali

2、zed English Words transducer 变换器 piezoelectric crystal 压电晶体mechanically actuated 机械压力 physical stimulus 物理刺激piezoelectric actuator 压电传动装置，压电驱动器 piezoelectric sensor 压电式传感器piezo device 压电装置 magnetism 磁性，吸引力，磁学Sensing Technologykinetic energy 动能 Radiant辐射，辐射的，发光的 electromagnetic radio waves电磁无线电波 micr

3、o waves 微波multi-signal capability多信号处理能力 ease of integration into 易于集成到.atomic 原子，原子的，原子能的molecular energy分子能gravitational引力 Sensing Technology mass energy质能，质能关系electrical discharge machining 电火花加工 surface finish 表面光洁度cutting fluid 切削液 lubricants 润滑剂，润滑物，润滑油tooling 模具，加工 magnetic fields 磁场strain应变，

4、紧张，拉紧 relativity theory 相对论pertaining to motion相对运动 Sensing Technologydisplacement位移Binding energy 结合能 infrared红外线visible light可见光 ultraviolet 紫外线，紫外线的acceleration 加速度 flow velocity流速rate of transport传输率moment 力矩，弯矩 Torque转矩，扭矩，力矩roughness表面粗糙度 Sensing Technologystiffness 刚度viscosity粘度 Crystallinity

5、结晶度structural integrity结构整体性wave velocity波速amplitude 振幅，波幅 phase 相位，相polarization 偏振，极化 spectrum频谱，光谱，谱conductivity 电导率 Sensing Technologymagnetic flux磁通量，磁通 permeability渗透率，渗透性intensity光强，强度 emissivity发射率，辐射率reflectivity反射率，反射，反射系数 transmissivity透射率，透过率specific heat比热容 thermal conductivity 热导率Sensi

6、ng Technology5.1.2 NotesA transducer is generally defined as a device that transmits energy from one system to another,often with a change in form of the energy.此句的主句是“A transducer is defined as a device”。全句可翻译为“一般将变换器定义为从一个系统向另一个系统传输能量的设备，往往伴随着能量形式的变化”。“that”引导定语从句，修饰先行词“device”。Sensing TechnologyW

7、e shall discuss the basic characteristics of both types of silicon micro-sensors but introduce some of the unique features of the latter which are becoming more and more utilized in manufacturing.句中“which”引导定语从句，修饰“Features”。全句可译成“我们讨论这两种类型的硅微传感器的基本特征。但对在制造业中应用变得越来越多的后者，我们还要介绍一些它独有的特点。”“which”引导定语从句

8、，修饰“Features”Sensing TechnologyIn practice,these 10 forms of energy are condensed into the six signal types listed as we can consider atomic and molecular energy as part of chemical energy,gravitational and mechanical as one,mechanical,and we can ignore nuclear and mass energy.全句可译为“在实践中，可以将原子与分子能看作

9、化学能的一部分，可以将引力和机械能统一为机械能，还可以忽略原子能和质能，这样一来，这10种能量就可以压缩成所列出的六类信号”。第一个“as”为连接词，引导原因状语从句“we energy”；第二个“as”为介词，意为“当作”。Sensing TechnologyFinally,there are a number of technical specifications of sensors that must be addressed in assessing the ability of a particular sensor/output combination to measure ro

10、bustly the state of the process.此句的主句是“there are a number of technical specifications of sensors”。全句可译为“最后，在评估某种传感-输出组合能是否具备对制造过程的状态进行稳定的测量的能力时，有一系列技术参数必须加以考虑。”“that”引导定语从句“must process，“technical”是先行词。Sensing Technology5.2 MicrothermocouplesSensing Technology5.2 Microthermocouples 5.2.1Specialized

11、English Words semiconducting resister 半导体电阻thermocouple热电偶potentiometric temperature sensor电位型温度传感器open circuit voltage 开路电压thermoelectric power热电势，温差电势，热电功率linear devices线性器件，线性装置full-scale operation 满量程Sensing Technologysilicon process 硅工艺加工，硅工艺standard integrated circuit(IC)process 标准集成电路（IC）工艺no

12、nstandard materials 非标准材料pt resistor铂电阻Thermistor热敏电阻Transistor晶体管operating range测量范围Sensitivity灵敏度doped silicon 掺杂硅Sensing Technologystandard bipolar process 标准双极工艺base resistor基极电阻emitter resistor发射极电阻epi-resistor外延电阻TCR电阻温度系数intrinsic semiconductor 本征半导体inherent temperature sensitivity 固有的温度敏感性si

13、licon diode 硅二极管doping concentration 掺杂浓度Sensing Technologyplanar IC process 面集成电路工艺conductance band 导带valence band 价带phonon drag term 声子曳引项carrier charge 载流子电荷resistivity constant 电阻率常数boron 硼theoretical voltage 理论电压Polysilicon多晶硅n-type epilayer n型外延电阻Sensing Technology5.2.2 NotesUnlike the metal a

14、nd semiconducting resisters,a thermocouple is a potentiometric temperature sensor in that an open circuit voltage VT appears when two different metals are joined together with the junction held at a temperature being sensed Ts and the other ends held at a reference temperature Tref.此句是一个成分比较复杂的主从句结构

15、。主句是“a thermocouple is a potentiometric temperature sensor”，介词短语“Unlike”引导状语“the metal and semiconducting resisters”“in that”（相当于“in which”）引导原因状语定语从句，修饰“temperature sensor”。“when”引导时间状语从句“two different metals are joined together with the junction held at a temperature being sensed Ts and the other

16、ends held at a reference temperature Tr”，其中“held at a temperature being sensed Ts”为过去分词短语作定语，修饰“the junction”，而“being sensed Ts”则是现在分词短语（被动式）作定语，修饰“temperature”。“and the other ends held at a reference temperature Tref.”中的“held at a reference temperature Tref.”也是定语，修饰“the other ends”。Sensing Technolo

17、gyUnlike the metal and semiconducting resisters,a thermocouple is a potentiometric temperature sensor in that an open circuit voltage VT appears when two different metals are joined together with the junction held at a temperature being sensed Ts and the other ends held at a reference temperature Tr

18、ef.全句可译为“与金属和半导体电阻不同，热电偶是一种电位型的温度传感器。当两种不同的金属连接在一起，结点一端温度为Ts，另一端为参考温度Tref时，就会有开路电压VT输出。”Sensing TechnologyThe basic principle is known as the Seebeck effect in which the metal have a different thermoelectric power or Seebeck coefficient P;句子可译为“金属具有不同的热电势或塞贝克系数P，称为塞贝克效应，它是热电偶的基本工作原理”。，“in which”引导定语

19、从句“the metal have a different thermoelectric power or Seebeck coefficient P”，修饰“the Seebeck effect”。主句Sensing TechnologyTypically，they can operate from-100 to+2000 with accuracy of between 1 and 3 percent for a full-scale operation(FSO).句子可译为“通常情况下，热电偶的测量范围为-100 2000，精度为（满量程的）13”。介词短语“with accuracy

20、of between 1 and 3 percent for a full-scale operation(FSO)”做宾语补足语状语。Sensing TechnologyThe inclusion of nonstandard materials,during,for example,a CMOS process,which is intermediate CMOS,is generally regarded as highly undesirable and should be avoided if possible.全句可译为“在加工工艺中加入非标准材料，如在CMOS工艺中加入非标准材料

21、，这称为中间CMOS，被普遍认为是极不可取并应尽量避免的。”“which is intermediate CMOS”是关系代词，系“which”引导的定语从句during,for example,a CMOS process”=“for example,during a CMOS process”。Sensing Technology5.3 Pressure Microsensors 5.3.1 Specialized English Wordsbulk 块，体，堆micromachined 微型加工的microaccelerometer sensors 微加速度传感器gyrometer 陀螺

22、测试仪，陀螺仪表piezoresistive sensor 压阻传感器deflection 应变strain gauges 应变片diaphragm 振膜，隔膜，膜片membrane膜片，振片Sensing Technologypiezoresistive coeffcient 压阻常数piezo coeffcient 压电系数pickup electrodes 信号电极static deflection 静荷载挠度，静载挠度，静变位torsional oscillation扭转振荡resonant frequency共振频率shuttle mass support 振梁nonlinear r

23、esonator 非线性谐振器linear oscillation 线性振荡Sensing Technologypiezoresistive pickup 压阻传感器spring constant 弹簧系数hard spring 硬弹簧，硬质弹簧cross section 横截面，横切面，横剖面lateral 横向barometric pressure 气压，大气压，大气压力microshuttle 微型压力传感器silicon on insulator(SOI)绝缘硅（一种新型硅基集成电路材料的简称）exhaust gas recirculation 排气再循环Sensing Technol

24、ogyfuel pressure 燃料压力active suspension hydraulics液压主动悬架piezoresistors 压敏电阻器anodic bonding 阳极键合glass support玻璃支inlet hole 进入孔 Pyrex硼硅酸玻璃reference capacitors标准电容器Oxide氧化物boron 硼Sensing Technologyalignment key 对准标记substate wafer 次级硅片trench 沟 resonator 谐振器resonator wafer 谐振硅片 buried cavity 隐藏孔hole 孔evac

25、uated cavity 真空共振腔 glass frit 玻璃粉contact pad 触板nitride 氮化物Sensing Technology5.3.2 NotesThe two important silicon sensors are the pressure and microaccelerometer sensors,with substantial growth expected for gyrometers,which will be used for navigation.全句可译为“压力传感器和微加速度传感器是两种重要的硅传感器，随着陀螺仪需求的大量增长，这两种传感器

26、将会用于导航领域”。“which”引导非限制性定语从句“will be used for navigation”，修饰“gyrometers”，“with substantial growth expected for gyrometers”在句中作伴随状语，其中“expected for gyrometers”为过去分词短语，修饰“growth”。Sensing TechnologyThe piezoresistive constant（44）is typically+138.1pC/N and that makes measuring pressure in the range of 0

27、to 1 Mpa relatively straight forward.此句可译为“压阻常数（44）的典型值为+138.1pC/N，这就保证了压力测量值在的0到1Mpa范围内有相当好的线性度。”句中“and”引导两个并列的句子。后句中的“that”指代“The piezoresistive constant（44）is typically+138.1pC/N”Sensing TechnologyIn this case,a capacitive bridge can be formed with two reference capacitors and the output voltage

28、is related to the deflection of the membrane x and hence the applied pressure(P-P0).此句可译为“在这种配置下，电容桥由两个参比电容组成，输出电压与振膜挠度x有关，因而与所施压力(P-P0)有关。”介词短语“In this case”作条件状语“and”连接两个并列句子。Sensing TechnologyThe dynamical equation that governs the behavior is a modified version of Equation(5.3.3)to include a ten

29、sion term,which affects the effective spring constant Km.此句可译为“约束振荡的动6态方程是方程（5.3.3）的修正方程，增加了一个影响弹簧常数Km的张力项。”句中“which affects the effective spring constant Km”是“which”引导的定语从句，指代前面的句子，修饰“a tension term”“that”引导主定语从句修饰“the dynamical equation”。Sensing TechnologyAs costs are driven down,the move toward p

30、iezoresistive polysilicon is desirable but creates some stability and precision issues.此句可译为“由于成本的降低，压阻式多晶硅变得更加符合需要，但随之也带来了一些稳定性和精确性方面的问题。”“As costs are driven down”为原因状语从句，主句有两个并列的动词“is”和“creates”。Sensing Technology5.4 QProx QT113 Charge-Transfer Touch Sensor(1)5.4.2 Specialized English Wordscharge

31、-transfer(QT)电荷转移project 投射proximity field 接近路consensus filter 协同滤波器noise immunity 抗（干）扰性autocal=auto calibrate自动校正，自动标定toggle mode 切换方式strap option 搭接选择，接线选择lead-free package 无铅封装Sensing Technologyappliance control 家电控制access systems 接入系统，接入技术prox sensors 接近传感器，接近开关pointing device 指点装置，定位装置consume

32、devices 消费设备self-contained 独立的，自给的Dielectric绝缘的，（电）介质Ceramic 陶瓷metal-bearing合金属的Sensing Technologyburst 脉冲（串）Electrode电极TA 即TAPP，纤薄阵列塑料封装（Thin Array Plastic Package之略)SOIC 小输出线封装(Small Outline IC之略)DIP 双列直插式封装（Dual ln-line Package之略）nor-critical 不挑剔的，要求不高的RF emissions 射频辐射（RF为radio frequency之略）Susce

33、ptibility 敏感性，可感性Sensing TechnologyEMI 电磁干扰（Electro Magnetic Interference之略）consecutive 一致的single-slope 单斜坡ADC 模数转换（部件）（Analog Digital Conversion）stray capacitance 杂散电容，分布电容Trace引线copper pours（印刷电路板上）敷铜ESD 静电放电（Electrostatic discharge之略）Sensing Technologysparse 稀疏的mesh 网（状物）by implication 其实tenuous

34、脆弱的，微弱的ample 足够的，丰裕的PCB 印刷电路板（Printed Circuit board之略）wind绕组core（铁）芯picofarad 微微法（拉），皮（发拉）Sensing Technology5.4.3 NotesHeartBeat 这里TM为Trade Mark 之略，“注册商标”之意，表示HeartBeat是一注册商标，受产权保护。Sensing TechnologySensitivity is related to electrode surface area,orientation with respect to the object being sensed,

35、object composition,and the ground coupling quality of both the sensor circuit and the sensed object.这是一个简单句，“is related to”后有多个介词宾语。注意其中“the object being sensed”和“the sensed object”，前者为现在分词短语作后置定语，后者为过去分词作前置定语，意思完全相同。全句可译为“灵敏度和电极表面面积、感应对象的朝向、材质以及感应电路和感应对象两者对地的耦合质量等有关。”Sensing TechnologyThis law as a

36、pplied to capacitive sensing requires that the sensors field current must complete a loop,returning back to its source in order for capacitance to be sensed.全句可译为“用于电容传感时，该定律要求传感器的场电流必须构成一个回路，最后返回源头，才能感应到被测电容。”“that”引起的宾语从句中“in order to”后接的不定式动词原形因为逻辑主语“（for）capacitor”，而变成被动语态“(to)be sensed”了。“as ap

37、plied to capacitive sensing”是主句的状语，可看成是状语从句“as it is applied.”的省略。Sensing Technology5.5 QProx QT113 Charge-Transfer Touch Sensor(II)5.5.2 Specialized English Wordsmetallized housing（镀）金属外壳crumple into 弄皱fringe fields 散射（电）场，干扰（电）场lateral 横向的，侧面的inadvertent 无意的，偶然的diminishing returns 得不偿失trade-off权衡，

38、折中propagate 传播，繁殖adverse 不利的，有害的Sensing Technologysurvivability 生存能力legitimate 合理的，正当的，合法的slew-rate转换斜率，边沿斜率，threshold 门槛，阀值，临界值hysteresis 滞后，延滞asymmetric 不对称的obstruction 堵塞（物），阻挡（物）elevated升高的，高贵的suppress 抑制，排除，镇压brushes轻擦，擦过successive 连续的，逐次的Sensing Technologysurvivability 生存能力legitimate 合理的，正当的，合

39、法的slew-rate转换斜率，边沿斜率，threshold 门槛，阀值，临界值hysteresis 滞后，延滞asymmetric 不对称的obstruction 堵塞（物），阻挡（物）elevated升高的，高贵的suppress 抑制，排除，镇压brushes轻擦，擦过successive 连续的，逐次的Sensing Technology5.5.3 NotesThe human body naturally has several hundred picofarads of free space capacitance to the local environment(Cx3 in F

40、igure 1-3),which is more than two orders of magnitude greater than that required to create a return path to the QT113 via earth.全句意为“人体自然而然地会和周边环境产生出一个几百个微微法的自由空间电容（图1.3中的Cx3），这比QT113建立经过大地的回路所需要的电容值要大两个数量级之多。”“which”引导的定语从句修饰“several hundred picofarads”，从句中的“that”为代词，其后“required to create a return

41、path to the QT113 via earth”是它的定语。Sensing TechnologyIn some cases it may be desirable to increase sensitivity further,for example when using the sensor with very thick panels having a low dielectric constant.这是一个简单句.全句可译为“某些情况下，希望将灵敏度进一步增加，例如在传感器的面板很厚而介电常数又很小的情况下。”注意“when using.”可以认为是“when you are u

42、sing the sensor with very thick panels having a low dielectric constant”省去了“you are”。Sensing TechnologyIncreasing the electrodes surface area will not substantially increase touch sensitivity if its diameter is already much larger in surface area than the object being detected.全句可译为“在电极面积已经比被测物的面积大很

43、多的情况下，如果再增大电极面积并不会明显提高触摸灵敏度。”动名词短语作主句的主语“if its diameter is already much larger in surface area than the object being detected.”为条件从句，其中“being detected”为被动语态的现在分词，作“object”的后置定语。Sensing TechnologyTo accomplish this,the QT113 incorporates a detect integration counter that increments with each detecti

44、on until a limit is reached,after which the output is activated.本句共有四个句子，结构上是较复杂的。全句可译为“为了实现这一目标，QT113整合了一个检测计数器。这个计数器在每次检测时就开始增量，到达上限值时，才激活输出。”主句“that increments with each detection until a limit is reached”为“a detect integration counter”的定语从句，“until a limit is reached”则是从句的状语从句与“that increments with each detection”并列的从句，表示进一步的结果。