2015高考英语改错专题.ppt

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1、一、命题特点1试题的立意特点短文改错是全面考查考生对英语基础知识的灵活运用能力的一种题型，它并不只单纯检测考生的语法知识，也是对考生写作能力的全面考查。可以说，它是书面表达的另一种形式。做好短文改错题，将会为写好书面表达打下坚实的基础。2试题的情景特点(1)短文改错的语言材料通常是考生自己的文章，或类似考生习作的文章。所选材料篇幅短、难度不大，但能够自成一体，说明一个事物或描述一件事情。话题常见，难易程度符合考生的认知水平，即简单易懂，基本上无生僻的词汇或语言结构。这种试题在一定程度上能反映出考生在语言准确性方面的水平。(2)短文改错材料的长度约110词，句子在10个左右。从体裁上看，历年高考

2、题中的短文改错文章以记叙文和应用文为主，兼顾说明文和议论文。3试题的设题特点(1)短文改错通常从词法、句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题，考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力。(2)错误类型有三种：多词、少词和错词。在总题量10个小题中，其比例一般为118，即1个多词、1个少词、8个错词。在错词中，多涉及动词、名词、连词、代词、形容词和副词；多词和少词主要涉及冠词和介词等。二、命题热点1冠词。高考英语短文改错对冠词的考查几乎年年都有，多考查冠词的基本用法。如不可数名词表泛指时前面多冠词；单数可数名词前少冠词；不定冠词a/an与定冠词the 的混用；固定搭配中的冠词误用等。2名词的数与格。汉语中的名词在形

3、式上没有单复数变化。在英语中，如果是可数名词，要注意考虑是否将可数名词单数变为复数形式。在高考短文改错试题中，命题者常对名词的单复数、可数名词与不可数名词以及名词的所有格进行考查。3一致关系。短文改错中所涉及的一致关系主要包括主谓一致、时态一致、代词指代一致等。所谓主谓一致是指谓语动词的单复数要与句子主语保持一致，时态一致是指动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致，代词指代一致是指代词所指代的内容要与该代词所指代的人或事物在人称、数或意义等方面保持一致。4非谓语动词。本考点主要考查动词不定式符号to的多余或遗漏，对to是介词还是不定式符号的辨别，对动名词作主语和介词宾语形式的确认，现在分

4、词与过去分词的区别等。5平行结构。在表达对等的概念时，要使用相同或相似的语法结构，此时，常借助并列连词and，or，but等。6成分赘余。在短文改错中经常会出现介词多余、词义重复等错误。另外，在短文改错中还有词性分辨、行文逻辑、词语搭配等错误。一般来说，解答短文改错题的原则可用三个字来概括：错、加、删。在解答时，错词更正，缺词添加，多词删除。改错形式都有相应的规范符号和格式，不可用错或混用。根据短文改错题的命题规律和考生作答时所暴露的问题，建议考生在复习过程中注意使用以下两种方法：1四要法(1)要浏览全文，把握大意。(2)要找出短文中的句号，把短文拆分成若干句子。短文改错不应按行去分析改错，而

5、应以句子为单位进行断句改错。(3)要认真分析句子结构，从“多、缺、错”三个方面入手，进行改错。(4)要重新通读自己改正过的文章，进行检查。2四看法(1)看每行或每句有无“一致性”错误：主谓是否一致；指代是否一致；修饰语与被修饰语是否一致；前后时态是否一致；单复数是否一致；并列连词and，or，but等前后的形式是否一致。(2)看每行或每句有无“搭配”错误：动宾搭配；动词与介词搭配；介词与名词搭配；固定短语等。(3)看每行或每句有无“词法、语法”错误：冠词the，an，a误用；非谓语动词的误用；引导词误用；形容词与副词误用；时态、语态使用不当；并列连词误用(and，but，or，so等)；名词单

6、复数形式误用等。(4)看每行或每句有无“逻辑意义”错误，如按照上下文意思本该用push的地方用了pull。总之，只要在平时的学习中打好基础，掌握命题规律，讲究解题思路与技巧，并能从具体语境、上下行文逻辑、习惯用法、句子结构等角度入手，对文章及句子进行分析，就能顺利改正错误。临场应试技巧临场应试技巧:“三歩三歩”和和“四不改四不改”三歩：三歩：1.1.No context,no text.通读全文，掌握大意，通读全文，掌握大意，初步改错初步改错。2.2.整句理解整句理解,逐行分析。逐行分析。以句为单位，细读每以句为单位，细读每个个完整句子完整句子，仔细推敲，查漏补缺，仔细推敲，查漏补缺.3.3.

7、复读全文，复读全文，验证答案验证答案 .注意：格式要正确，注意：格式要正确，第十一处起不给分第十一处起不给分。短文改错应注意的问题短文改错应注意的问题 四不改四不改:标点符号不改。标点符号不改。大小写不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改。词序错误不改。单词拼写不改单词拼写不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错。命题角度考点解题思路名词冠词判断名词前的冠词是否误用名词名词的数句中名词该用单数还是复数动词动词时态、语态以及主谓一致根据上下文判断动词时态、语态是否有误、主谓搭配是否正确非谓语动词分词、动名词、不定式根据上下文判断非谓语动词是否误用代词人称代

8、词的格、指示代词及关系代词与从句关系1.人称代词的格是否误用2.代词前后指代是否一致3.定语从句中关系词是否误用形容词、副词词法判断句中形容词和副词是否误用介词惯用法惯用法中介词是否误用连词句法判断句中并列连词、从属连词是否误用四、错词类型归纳,提高改错的准确率 动词形，名词数动词形，名词数 还要注意形和副还要注意形和副 非谓语，细辨别非谓语，细辨别 介词短语要牢记介词短语要牢记 A Limerick 代词格，细领悟代词格，细领悟 句子成分多分析句子成分多分析 冠词连词常光顾冠词连词常光顾 逻辑错误须关注逻辑错误须关注一、动词一、动词形形1.I win a national prize for

9、 painting last week2.But I tried to act as if nothing has happened3.Id like to your pen friend 4.Did he absent from the last meeting？5.Robert and Mary have married for a few weeks6.There are no need to spend money.7.My father was so pleasing that wonhadbeWasbeenispleased 1.So well have plenty of spa

10、re time visit this area.2.So do our friend,Cathy.August is the best time for her.3.We fed monkeys,visiting temples and told stories.4.They survived from the earthquake.5.Lucy agreed to marry to Tom.6.Wed better not to eat up the food.todoesvisited二二 名词数名词数1.Istayedthereforhalfamonth,visitingplaceofi

11、nteresteveryday.2.OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.3.Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkinschool.4.Aseveryoneknows,itsfamousmountaininTibet5.Butoneandahalfyearlater,hesucceeded.6.Whatabeautifulweatherwearehavingrecently！7.Pleasegivemybestregardtoyourfamilyplacespicturesadv

12、antagesayearsregards三三 形容词和副词常见错形容词和副词常见错1.They laughed，told jokes about each other，and seemed quite comfortably 2.If we dont careful protect our environment，the last drop of water will be3.Can you make it clearly what we should do next？4.All people try hardly to get train tickets to go home at the

13、end of year.5.You are a lot of taller than me.6.He went home hungry and coldly.7.You look much fortablecarefullyclearmore四、四、代词代词格格1.I believe you personal experience will be a lot better.2.Finally,the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves.3.I woke up and found me still in bed.4.I di

14、d anything special to express my thanks.5.Some are playing cards and the others are singing or dancing.6.His book is quite different from me 7.We have been learning about its culture.yourtheirmyself somethingmineits五五 连词连词conjconj及句法及句法1.Tom didnt see the film，and John did2.You will not fail unless

15、you work harder 3.If you go straight along this street，and you will soon see the cinema 4.Because he had left his key in the room，so he had to use the ladder5.He wouldnt go to see a play that no one liked it.6.Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down.7.I was so tired that I fell asleep at th

16、e moment my head touched the pillow.butifwhen六六 冠词冠词/介词及其它介词及其它1.In the fact,there are only 4 tickets left.2.I couldnt explain them with English.3.Its I that is your true friend.4.I must work hard so that I will not be able to communicate freely with foreigners.5.When the wind is blowing at 120 kilo

17、meters a hour，most waves will be twelve meters high or less.6.The tailor is very proud for his sons success 7.The bottle is full with unknown liquid 8.There are strange similarities in the life of John Kennedy and the life of Abraham Lincoln inanofofbetweenam 【典例】(2015新课标全国)短文改错（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换

18、修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；只允许修改10处，多着（从第11处起）不计分。(2015新课标全国)WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.Therethe

19、airiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectyourenviro

20、nment.Ifwefailtodoso,welllivetoregretit.(2015新课标全国)WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.Lotsofstudieshaveb

21、eenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectyourenvironment.Ifwefailtodoso,welllivetoregretit.thoughttheandwithseriousairManyfindour/the【典例】(2013新课标全国)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文

22、。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下面一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。I hardly remember my grandmother.She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.I was only four when she passes away.She is just a dis

23、tant memory for me now.I remember my grandfather very much.He was tall，with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.He had a deep voice，which set himself apart from others in our small town，he was strong and powerful.In a fact，he even scared my classmates away du

24、ring they came over to play or do homework with me.However，he was the gentlest man I have never known.holdpassedwell/clearlyshouldersto/intohimandwhenever第一处：把holding改为hold。used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”。第二处：把passes改为passed。作者在文中回忆了自己的奶奶和爷爷，此处应用一般过去时。第三处：把much改为well或clearly。remember sth/sbverywell/clearl

25、y“很清楚地记得某事/某人”。第四处：把shoulder改为shoulders。人有两个肩膀，因此应用复数形式。第五处：把toward改为to或into。turn from A to/into B表示“由A变成B”。第六处：把himself改为him。他的嗓音低沉，这使他与众不同。短语set sb apart from“使某人与众不同。”第七处：在he前加and。根据语境并分析句子成分可知，逗号前后为两个并列的分句，因此应用连词and连接。第八处：把In a fact 之间的a删掉。in fact表示“事实上”。第九处：把during改为when。during为介词，后可接名词或代词，不能引导

26、从句。故应改为when。when在此处引导时间状语从句。第十处：把never改为ever。根据语境，此处表示“我的爷爷是我曾见过的最温和的一个人”。ever“曾经”，符合语境。2014全国高考汇编改错一（2014辽宁卷）DearJeremyandAlice,Althoughwevebeendelightedtohaveyouasneighbors,werehopingtosettlesomethingthatbotherstous.Inaword,yourdogCleo.WevecalledseveraltimeaboutCleosearlymorningbarking.Itisdifficu

27、lttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshesoutside.Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.Beside,Cleotendstobarkaaverageofsixhoursaday.Thismorningshestartsbarkingevenbefore5oclock.Thatistoomuchforus,consideringhowcloselythehousesare.Weappreciateourapologiesandgoo

28、dwill,butwehopethatyoucanfigureagoodwayofsettlingthematter.Sincerely,JackandRose2014全国高考汇编改错一（2014辽宁卷）DearJeremyandAlice,Althoughwevebeendelightedtohaveyouasneighbors,werehopingtosettlesomethingthatbotherstous.Inaword,yourdogCleo.WevecalledseveraltimeaboutCleosearlymorningbarking.Itisdifficulttounde

29、rstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshesoutside.Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.Beside,Cleotendstobarkaaverageofsixhoursaday.Thismorningshestartsbarkingevenbefore5oclock.Thatistoomuchforus,consideringhowcloselythehousesare.Weappreciateourapologiesandgoodwill,bu

30、twehopethatyoucanfigureagoodwayofsettlingthematter.Sincerely,JackandRosetimesunderstandhasBesidesanstartedcloseyourout2014全国高考汇编改错一（2014辽宁卷）【答案】去掉us前面的to【试题解析】动词bother困扰，麻烦；这是一个及物动词，后面直接加宾语，不需要使用介词to。短语bothersb.麻烦某人2.【答案】time改为times【试题解析】本句中的time表示“次数”，是一个可数名词，前面有several修饰，说明使用复数形式。3.【答案】understandi

31、ng改为understand【试题解析】本句中的it是一个形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构tounderstandwhy.；不定式结构中to后面要接动词原形。4.【答案】have改为has【试题解析】本句的主语是单个的动名词短语theearlymorningbarking，做主语时，谓语动词要使用单数形式。5.【答案】beside改为besides【试题解析】介词beside以为“在旁边”；本句中的besides是一个副词“而且”，单独使用，表示递进关系。6.【答案】bark后面的a改为an【试题解析】名词average是以元音开始的单词，所以使用an修饰averageof。2014全国

32、高考汇编改错一（2014辽宁卷-改错解析）7.【答案】starts改为started【试题解析】本句叙述的是具体早晨发生的事情，也就是过去所发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时started。8.【答案】closely改为close【试题解析】本句howclosethehousesare中的close本应该是在系动词are的后面，构成系表结构areclose。Closely是一个副词，副词通常不能和许系动词连用构成系表结构的。（副词也可做表语，但是常用在位置，方向，离开。如Heisout.他不在家。Imustbeoffnow.我必须得走了。Sheisaway.她出门在外。）9.【答案】our改为yo

33、ur【试题解析】句义：我们很欣赏你的歉意。根据后面的you可知对方是来道歉的。10.【答案】figure后面加out【试题解析】固定搭配figureout找到，算出。我们希望你能够找到一个解决问题的好方法。figureoutagoodwaytodosth.=findagoodwaytodosth.=comeupwithagoodwaytodosth.二（2014陕西卷）MyfathertookmeoutcampingforthefirsttimewhenIwasseven.Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals,insectsandtrees.Myunclesallcomeal

34、ongwithbowsandarrowsforhunting.Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.Justthenabirdwasflyingoverus.Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.Neitherofthearrowshitthetarget.Suddenlythearrowswasflyingdownatusfromtheskytheywerelookedlikerain!Werantoescapebutfortunatelynoonewasinju

35、red.ThatdayIdidntlearnmuchaboutanimals,insectsortrees,butIlearntaimpressivelessonaboutgravity!二（2014陕西卷）MyfathertookmeoutcampingforthefirsttimewhenIwasseven.Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals,insectsandtrees.Myunclesallcomealongwithbowsandarrowsforhunting.Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.J

36、ustthenabirdwasflyingoverus.Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.Neitherofthearrowshitthetarget.Suddenlythearrowswasflyingdownatusfromtheskytheywerelookedlikerain!Werantoescapebutfortunatelynoonewasinjured.ThatdayIdidntlearnmuchaboutanimals,insectsortrees,butIlearntaimpressivelessona

37、boutgravity!tocamehavingimmediatelyatNonewereandan二（2014陕西卷-改错-解析）1.【答案】wanted后面加to【试题解析】固定搭配wanttodosth想要做某事；to是不能省略的，不定式todosth作为want的宾语。2.【答案】come改为came【试题解析】根据本文第一句可知讲述的是过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时，所以使用came。3.【答案】have改为having【试题解析】本句中动词have与句子主语we构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以使用现在分词在句中做状语。4.【答案】immediate改为immediately【试题解析

38、】本句中应该使用副词immediately来修饰谓语动词jumped，在句中做状语。形容词immediate不能做状语。5.【答案】on改为at【试题解析】固定搭配shoot.at不能使用介词on。At表示瞄准的对方或者方向。二（2014陕西卷-改错-解析）6.【答案】Neither改为none【试题解析】代词neither表示两者都不；而本句中没有提及两者，应该是有很多的鸟。故使用none表示三者或者三者以上的全部否定。7.【答案】was改为were【试题解析】本句的主语是复数名词arrows，所以谓语动词使用复数形式were。8【答案】去掉were或者looked【试题解析】本句是指箭如雨

39、下，要么使用looklike看起来像.；要么使用belike像一样。9.【答案】but改为and【试题解析】我们四处逃跑，很幸运的是没有人受伤。根据上下文语境可知表示顺承并列关系，而不是转折关系。10.【答案】a改为an【试题解析】后面的形容词impressive是以元音开始的，所以使用an。（2014四川卷）Hello,boysandgirls!Today,Iamgoingtotalkwithwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff.Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatthedoorandwaityourteachertoleadyouo

40、utside.Stayclosetoyourteacherandclassmate.Dontpanicorgetoutofline,andtryingtoremainquietandcalmly.Soonthefirefighterswillcomeandputoutafire.Ifitsafalsealarmandthereisnofire,yourteacherwillleadusbacktotheclassroom.Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissingandhurt,tellyourteacherimmediately.（2014四川卷）Hello,bo

41、ysandgirls!Today,Iamgoingtotalkwithwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff.Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatthedoorandwaityourteachertoleadyououtside.Stayclosetoyourteacherandclassmate.Dontpanicorgetoutofline,andtryingtoremainquietandcalmly.Soonthefirefighterswillcomeandputoutafire.Ifitsafalsealarmandthere

42、isnofire,yourteacherwillleadusbacktotheclassroom.Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissingandhurt,tellyourteacherimmediately.aboutgoesforclassmatestrycalmtheyouor（2014四川卷）1.【答案】with改为about【试题解析】固定搭配talkaboutsomething谈论关于某事。2.【答案】go改为goes【试题解析】本句的主语afirealarm为单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式goes。3.【答案】wait后加for【试题解析】此处wa

43、it为不及物动词，后接宾语时需加上介词for，构成waitfor等待。4.【答案】classmate改为classmates【试题解析】此处表达同班同学应为复数形式，因为同伴同学应该有多人，而不会只是一个。5.【答案】trying改为try【试题解析】此处为祈使句，因为连词and连接的是两个同样性质的内容，前面是一个祈使句Dontpanicorgetoutofline，后面也应该是一个祈使句。故使用try，而不是trying。6.【答案】calm改为calmly【试题解析】此句remain为系动词，后接形容词作表语构成系表结构。（2014四川卷）7.【答案】a改为the【试题解析】当文章中第二

44、次提到前面的某一名词时，需使用the表示特指。8.【答案】us改为you【试题解析】根据句子的主语yourteacher可知你的老师会带你们回教室。9.【答案】去掉when【试题解析】根据句意，如果你注意到有人失踪或受伤，可知此处是that引导的宾语从句表陈述，故when多余。10.【答案】and改为or【试题解析】根据句意“有人不见或者受伤”可知Or表示的是选择的关系。（2014新课标I）Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes（圣女果）inourbackgard

45、en,sincethen-foralltheseyear-wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoselfseedwheretheyplease.Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseor

46、insectattackproblems.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!（2014新课标I）Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes（圣女果）inourbackgarden,sincethen-foralltheseyear-wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoselfseedwheretheyplease.Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.Thefruit

47、saresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!agoyearshaveaeverywheretastymanyofwonderful（2014新课标I）1【答案】before改

48、为ago【试题解析】一段时间和before连用的时候常常和完成时连用。一段时间和age连用，常常和过去时连用。句义：大约5年前，在父亲的帮助下，妹妹和我种了一些圣女果。2【答案】by改为of【试题解析】考察固定搭配withthehelpof在的帮助下。3【答案】year改为years【试题解析】本句前面的形容词these常常修饰可数名词复数形式，所以使用名词years。4【答案】had改为have【试题解析】本句的时间状语是alltheseyears，通常和现在完成进行时连用。所以使用havebeendoing的形式。5【答案】As后面加a【试题解析】考察固定搭配asaresult结果是；句义

49、：结果，圣女果长得到处都是。（2014新课标I）6【答案】somewhere改为everywhere【试题解析】根据上下文可知我们让圣女果自己繁殖，所以到处长得都是圣女果。7【答案】taste改为tasty【试题解析】本句中的形容词juicy和tasty都是形容词和前面的small一样都和系动词are构成系表结构。这些水果很小，但是多汁而且味道很好。8【答案】much改为many【试题解析】本句中的many指代可数名词cherrytomatoes的复数形式，所以不能使用much修饰。9【答案】but改为yet或者去掉but【试题解析】连词although不能和but连用，因为这两个词都是连词，

50、不能一起连用。可以把but改为副词yet。10【答案】wonderfully改为形容词wonderful【试题解析】本句中使用形容词wonderful做定语来修饰后面的名词tomatoes。（2014浙江卷）IwastakingatraintoLondonsVictoriaStation.Ihadnoticedthatthecarriagewasnoiseandfilledwithpeople.Beforelong,atraininspectorcomestocheckouttickets.Apassengerrealizedhecouldntfindhisticketbutbecamequi