人体解剖学sensoryorgans 1.ppt

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1、第十三章第十三章 感觉器总论感觉器总论郧阳医学院郧阳医学院 解剖教研室解剖教研室邓兆宏邓兆宏感觉器感觉器:The Sensory Organs 感觉器感觉器:Sensory organs 是是感受器感受器receptor及其附属结构的总称，是机体感及其附属结构的总称，是机体感受刺激的装置。可分为三类。受刺激的装置。可分为三类。1、外感受器外感受器 exteroceptor 2、内感受器内感受器 interoceptor 3、本体感受器本体感受器 proprioceptor Up 第十四章第十四章 视器视器 Visual Organ 视视器由器由眼球和眼副器眼球和眼副器共同构成。共同构成。赤道赤

2、道Equator在眼球在眼球的表面，距前、后极的表面，距前、后极相等的各点连线。相等的各点连线。眼轴眼轴:axis oculi:前、前、后极的连线。后极的连线。视轴视轴axis Optica :瞳瞳孔至孔至 中央凹的连线与中央凹的连线与视线方向一致视线方向一致。Up 一、眼球壁一、眼球壁 Walls of eyeball纤维纤维 膜膜角膜角膜Cornea 巩膜巩膜Sclera 血管膜血管膜l 虹膜虹膜Iris 睫状体睫状体Cilliary body 脉络膜脉络膜Choroid 视网膜视网膜Retina 虹膜部虹膜部睫状体部睫状体部视部视部 Up （一）纤维膜或外膜（一）纤维膜或外膜 1、角膜角

3、膜Cornea anterior 1/6 2、巩膜巩膜Sclera posterior 5/6,巩膜静脉窦巩膜静脉窦sinus venosus sclerae Up （二）血管膜或中膜二）血管膜或中膜 1、虹膜虹膜Iris q瞳孔瞳孔pupil qContains sphincter pupillae 瞳孔括约肌瞳孔括约肌(circular fibers)and dilator pupillae 瞳孔开瞳孔开大肌大肌(radial fibers)qCornea and iris meet to form the iridocorneal angle 虹膜角膜角虹膜角膜角 Up n 2、睫状体睫

4、状体Cilliary body qBody a ring-shaped thickening anterior to equator,containing smooth muscle fibers睫睫状状突突Ciliary processes a series of some 6080 projections producing aqueous humorq睫状环睫状环Ciliary ring Up Ciliary Processes Sphincter PupillaeDilator PupillaeSinus venosus scleraeciliary zonuleCiliary rin

5、gCiliary MuscleIridocorneal angleLens Up n 3、脉络膜脉络膜Choroid qThin,highly vascular in posterior 2/3 of eyeqContains brown pigmented cells and dense capillary plexus Up （三）视网膜或（三）视网膜或内内膜膜视网膜盲部视网膜盲部Pars caeca retina视网膜虹膜部视网膜虹膜部 Pars iridica retinae 视网膜睫状体部视网膜睫状体部 Pars ciliaris retinae 视网膜视部视网膜视部Pars opt

6、ica retinaeqLines the choroidsComposed of two layersnAn outer pigment cell layer nInner neural layer(four layers)Up nThe fourth layer consists photoreceptor cellsn 视锥细胞视锥细胞Cone cells are color receptors that function best during the dayq视杆细胞视杆细胞Rod cells are dark-light receptors that function best a

7、t night and in dim lightnThe third layer consists of双极细胞双极细胞bipolar neurons nThe second layer is formed节细胞节细胞ganglion cells,whose axons form optic nervenThe first layer consists of nerve axons that collect at the optic disk and pass through the sclera to form the optic nervePigment cell layerCone ce

8、llsRod cellsBipolar neuronsGanglion cells Up 视神经盘视神经盘 Optic disc 黄斑黄斑Macula lutea 中央中央凹凹Fovea centralis Up 二、眼球的内容物二、眼球的内容物Contents of eyeball房水房水Aqueous humor 晶状体晶状体Lens 玻璃体玻璃体Vitreous body Up （一）眼房和房水（一）眼房和房水 1、眼眼房房Chamber of eye 2、房水房水 Aqueous humor nA clear watery fluid that fills chamber of eye

9、nContinuously secreted by ciliary body into posterior chambernPasses through pupil into anterior chamber Up 睫状体产生睫状体产生 后房后房 前房前房 巩膜静脉窦巩膜静脉窦 睫前睫前静脉静脉眼静脉眼静脉I Production and circulation of aqueous humor FunctionsHelps focus lightHelps maintain constant pressure in eyeballHelps nourish the lens and corn

10、ea Up （二）（二）晶状体晶状体Lens nTransparent biconvex structure,covered by an elastic transparent capsulenLocated between iris and vitreous body,and suspended behind pupil by睫状小带睫状小带ciliary zonule nShape changed by the ciliary muscle:for near vision,the ciliary muscle contracts and the lens rounds up,while f

11、or distant vision the lens flattens out,so that the eye may be focused on distant objects Up (三）三）玻璃体玻璃体Vitreous body nConsists of colorless,transparent jelly-like substance in which there is a meshwork of fine fibrils,occupies the vitreous chamber,the space between lens and retinanHelps maintain th

12、e shape of eyeball and supports the retina Up 折光装置折光装置Refractive media of eyeBend entering light waves and focus them on the retina n角膜角膜Cornea n房水房水 Aqueous humorn晶状体晶状体Lens n玻璃体玻璃体Vitreous body Up Up 第二节眼副器第二节眼副器Accessory organs of eye 一、一、眼睑眼睑Eyelids 二、结膜二、结膜Conjunctiva三、泪器三、泪器Lacrimal apparatus

13、四、眼球外肌四、眼球外肌Ocular muscles Connective tissue in the orbit Up 一、一、眼睑眼睑Eyelids（from without inwards）nSkin,extremely thinnSubcutaneous areola tissue,loose and delicatenMuscular layer:orbicularis oculin睑板睑板Tarsus,formed by dense connective tissue in which the睑板腺睑板腺tarsal glands embedded nLined by睑结膜睑结膜n

14、 palpebral conjunctiva Function:to protect,open,and close eye Up 睑板睑板Tarsus Up 二、二、结膜结膜ConjunctivanThree partsq睑结膜睑结膜Palpebral conjunctiva :lining inner surface of eyelidsq球结膜球结膜Bulbar conjunctiva:lining anterior part of sclera,up to corneal marginq结膜穹结膜穹Conjuntival fornix(superior and inferior):lin

15、e of reflection of bulbar and palpebral conjunctivan结膜结膜囊囊Conjunctival sac Up 三、三、泪器泪器Lacrimal apparatus （一）（一）泪腺泪腺Lacrimal gland nOval 2-cm,occupies fossa for lacrimal glandnDucts(610 in number):empty into anterior region of superior fornix of conjunctivanSecrets tears,which move across eyeball to

16、medial angle,protect and moisten eye Up 泪道泪道Lacrimal passages nLacrimal puncta 泪点泪点 opening to lacrimal ductules,one on each eylid margin near medial angle （二）二）泪小管泪小管Lacrimal ductules one in each lid,pass medially,join and enter lacrimal sacn泪囊泪囊 Lacrimal sac within fossa for lacrimal sac,opening i

17、nto nasolacrimal duct （三）三）鼻泪管鼻泪管Nasolacrimal duct Up 四、眼球外肌四、眼球外肌Ocular muscles Muscle Action Nerve supply上睑提上睑提肌肌 levator palpebrae superioris上提上上提上睑睑 Raises upper eyelid上直肌上直肌 Superior rectus使瞳孔转向上内方使瞳孔转向上内方 Turns eyeball superomedially下直肌下直肌 Inferior rectus向下内向下内 Turns eyeball inferomedially内直肌内

18、直肌 Medial rectus向向内内 Turns eyeball medially外直外直肌肌 Lateral retus向外向外Turns eyeball laterally上斜肌上斜肌 Superior obliquus向下外向下外Turns eyeball inferolaterally下斜下斜肌肌 Inferior obliquus向上外向上外Turns eyeball superolaterally Up 四、四、眼球外肌眼球外肌Ocular muscles Up Up 五、五、眶脂体与眶筋眶脂体与眶筋膜膜n眼球筋膜鞘眼球筋膜鞘:Sheath of eyeball a thin

19、membrane,which surrounds the eyeball from optic nerve to corneoscleral junction,permits the eyeball to move in the orbit without frictionn眶脂体眶脂体Adipose body of orbit :lies between sheath of eyeball and the orbit acts as a protective cushion and shock sorber for the eyeball Up 第三节第三节 眼的血管和神经眼的血管和神经 一

20、、眼动脉一、眼动脉Ophthalmic arteryn1、视网膜中央动脉视网膜中央动脉nEnters optic nerve,passes toward the optic disk and then fans out to supply the retina Up nFour branches:superior and inferior nasal or temporal arteriole of retina Up 二、眼静脉二、眼静脉Ophthalmic vein nSuperior ophthalmic vein communicates with facial vein anteriorly,exits posteriorly via superior orbital fissure to drain into cavernous sinusnInferior ophthalmic vein lies on floor of orbit and communicates with pterygoid plexus,exits via superior orbital fissure to drain into cavernous sinu 三、神经（一）视神经（二）支配辅助结构的神经 Up