物理专业英语翻译方法.ppt
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1、English of Science and Technology专业英语专业英语 Lecturer:Na Liu Email:N1课程的目的及任务1、扩大词汇量,尤其是专业词汇2、巩固语法知识3、提高阅读科技文章的水平2教学基本要求l1、能顺利阅读物理学有关专业的原版教科书、参考书及其他参考资料,能掌握其中心大意,抓住主要事实和有关细节。l2、对其中重要的论著和文献等材料能正确理解、抓住要点,并对其内容进行分析、推理、判断和综合概括l3、阅读速度达到每分钟70词。能运用简洁的专业英语进行初步交流l4、能写作简单的专业语句,能正确无误地写作论文的英文摘要。32.Exams Classroom
2、participation:45%;Final exam:55%1.Contents3.Suggestions for You4英语分类l公共英语(Ordinary English、Common English、General English)l专业英语(Specialized English、Professional English、English for Special Science and Technology)5It all began on New Years Day in my thirty-second year of being single.Onceagain I foun
3、d myself on my own andgoing to my mothers annual turkey curry buffet.Every year she tries to fix me up with some 6Under the havest moon,When the soft silverDrips shimmeringOver the garden nights,Death,the gray mockerComes and whispers to youAs a beautiful friendWho remembers.Under the summer roses,W
4、hen the fragrant crimsonLurks in the duskOf the wild red leaves,Love,with little hand,With a thousand memories,And asks youBeautiful unanswerable questionsUnder the Harvest Moon7lDynamics is the study of forces and their effects on the motions of bodies.The cause of acceleration is a force exerted b
5、y some external agent or environment.The fundamental properties of force and the relationship between force and acceleration are given by Newtons three laws of motion.The first of these laws describes the natural state of motion of a free body on which no external forces are acting,whereas the other
6、 two laws deal with the behavior of bodies under the influence of force.8l两者的共同之处:词汇、语法基本相通。l两者的不同之处:具有各自的特点。例如,公共英语:随意性(randomicity)、口语性(colloquialism)、感情性强(emotionality)。l专业英语:1、客观性,被动语态多,传统上,一般尽量少用或不用we、you、I、they。近代打破了这个清规戒律,但还是要尽可能减少出现次数。9nIf the battery is disconnected,the capacitor retains th
7、e charge and the voltage associated with it.如果断开电池,电容将保持电荷和与电荷相关的电压。nAlso if a coil is placed on an iron core,its inductance will be greater than it was without the magnetic core.而且,如果线圈中放一个铁芯,它的电感将比没有铁芯的线圈的电感大。此句than引导一个比较状语从句。10l2、专业英语长句多。一个句子除主句外,往往在句中穿插许多从句和分词、不定式非谓语形式。u例如:Finally looking into t
8、he future,it is possible to see the development of antibodies to chemicals associated with food breakdown being included in packaging materials to produce color changes clearly indicating the freshness of the food 句中associated with food breakdown是分词短语修饰chemicals,being included in Packaging materials
9、也是分词短语修饰antibodies,to produce color changes是表示目的的不定式短语,clearly indicating the freshness of the food是分词短语修饰changes。11l3、专业术语多,许多词汇只在本专业使用.如 cold boot,circuit diagram、energy band。l4、半专业词汇较多,介于公共与专业之间,不同专业词汇含义不同.l如 driver,司机、驱动源、驱动器l operation 机械操作 军事作战 计运算 医手术l carrier 机械托架、底盘军事 航空母舰 半导体载流子医带毒者通信 载波 航
10、天运载工具、火箭 日常搬运工(车、船)12l5、利用前后缀合成新词多,前后缀共有500多,必须掌握50 个最基本的前后缀,如Sub-,有下面(sub-layer)、次(sub-wave)、小(sub-quantity)和子(sub-field)的含义。l6、缩、略写的词多,如,laser(light amplified by stimulated emission radiation)、PE(potential energy)、KE(kinetic energy)、FCC(Face-centred cubic)、HCP(Hexagonal close-packing)、BCC(Body-cen
11、tred cubic)。137、省略句lThe first treatment would require a minimum of 48 hours,while the second treatment would require only 26 hours.第一次处理最少需要48小时,而第二次处理只需要26小时。可以省略为:lThe first treatment would require a minimum of 48 hours,the second only 26 hours.14-If(it is)alloyed with tin,copper forms a series of
12、 alloys which are known as bronze.l 如果将铜与锡熔合,就能形成叫做青铜的一系列合金 由关联词that或which引导的定语从句,可将关联词和从句谓语中的助动词一并省略。如上句中的which可予省略,留下作定语用的分词known as bronze;并且还可进一步省略成:-Alloyed with tin,copper forms a bonze.l 用锡合金化,铜就形成青铜。15 常见省略句型 l As already discussed 如前面讨论过的l As noted later 如后面所说明的l If any(anything)如果有的话,即使需要也
13、l If convenient 如果方便的话l If necessary 必要时,如果必要的话l If possible 如有可能l If required 如果需要(的话)l If not 即使不l If so 如果是这样,果真如此l When in use 在使用时;当工作时l When necessary 必要时l When needed 需要时,如果需要l Where possible 在可能的情况下,如有可能16翻译技巧翻译技巧17一、翻译的标准l准确、l简练、l流畅18l1.译文要忠实于原文,准确完整表达原文的译文要忠实于原文,准确完整表达原文的内容,使译文在表达思想、精神、风格体
14、裁内容,使译文在表达思想、精神、风格体裁上与原文完全相同。上与原文完全相同。l2.语言必须符合规范,符合本民族语言习惯。语言必须符合规范,符合本民族语言习惯。l3.专业术语正确,数据无误,具有科学性专业术语正确,数据无误,具有科学性。19准确lYou cannot be too careful.lI couldnt get home fast enough.我恨不得马上回到家里。lNo man can have too many friends.朋友愈多愈好。20简练简练 lLet those who can serve as teachers.(让那些能当老师的人来当老师。)能者为师lWhe
15、n a straight bar is subjected to a tensile load,the bar becomes longer.直杆受拉,则伸长。21流畅流畅 lThe assumption of a uniform distribution of stress is frequently made in design.在设计中,常常采用压力均布的假定。22应该注意避免死译和乱译 死译l-the Milky Way (牛奶路)银河l-black tea (黑茶)红茶l-bulls eye (公牛眼睛)靶心l-talk horse (谈马)吹牛23应该注意避免死译和乱译 死译l贵阳
16、-expensive sun l出口-exportl -exitl警察值勤点-Police be on duty a little24应该注意避免死译和乱译 死译-Problems encountered in the test indicate the need for following additional design refinements.l死译:试验中碰到的问题指明了下述另外的设计改进的必要。l正确:试验中出现的问题表明:还需要对原设计进行下述改进。-There is not room in this chapter to do any more than mention som
17、e of the research which has been carried out.l死译:在本章中,没有地方来做比提及某些已经进行的研究更多的事情。l正确:限于篇幅,本章只提及某些业已进行的研究工作。25应该注意避免死译和乱译 乱译-To do this aircraft will fly at 2000 to 4000 m.p.h.l乱译:制成这样的飞机,飞机每小时要飞行2000到4000英里。l正译:要做到这一点,飞机每小时要飞行2000到4000英里。26二、翻译方式二、翻译方式1.直译直译 指忠实地保持原文的用词、语法、结构及语气指忠实地保持原文的用词、语法、结构及语气风格等。
18、尽力保持原文精粹和面目风格等。尽力保持原文精粹和面目2.意译意译 译文大胆打破原文用词、语法结构语气风格的译文大胆打破原文用词、语法结构语气风格的限制。符合汉语的表达方式和习惯。限制。符合汉语的表达方式和习惯。27例一例一l One way to picture the earth and the moon is to think of them as a pair of dancing partners spinning wildly around a dance floor with the sun in the center.Since the earth is 81 times as
19、heavy as the moon,it is the anchorman in the dance.(taken from We Reach the Moon)l一个描述地球和月球的方法,是将它们想象一个描述地球和月球的方法,是将它们想象成一对舞伴,在一个以太阳为中心的跳舞场成一对舞伴,在一个以太阳为中心的跳舞场周围热烈地旋转。地球比月球重八十一倍,周围热烈地旋转。地球比月球重八十一倍,所以它是跳舞中的男舞伴。(摘自所以它是跳舞中的男舞伴。(摘自我们到我们到了月球了月球)28例例 二二lJet propulsion is a practical application of Sir Issa
20、c Newtons third law of motion which states that,for every force acting on a body there is an opposite and reaction.For aircraft propulsion,the“body”is atmospheric air that is caused to accelerate as it passes through the engine.The force required to give this acceleration.A jet engine produces thrus
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