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1、中国文化与汉英翻译中国文化与汉英翻译 Part I.语言与文化语言与文化的关系的关系文化是人类在认识世界和改造客观世界的社会活动中相互联系、相互影响、相互作用时建立起来的,是一个社会的物质文明和精神文明的总和。语言与文化相辅相成,语言是文化的重要组成部分,也是文化赖以传播的物质表达形式。(李运兴,汉英翻译教程主编,新华出版社)语言和文化共生,共存。(游汝杰,复旦大学中国语言文学研究所,博士生导师)Languageisasubstantialbutpartialreflectionofaculture.(Newmark,英语言学家、翻译家、翻译理论家)Part II.文化的处理模式文化的处理模式
2、 1)文化直入(the Go-ahead Model)源语文化表达形式直接进入译文。翻译方法:音译或直译音译:阴阳(yin and yang),旗袍(qipao,cheongsamt:sm),气功(qigong),江湖(jianghu)直译:hot-dog(热狗),五讲四美(five stresses and four points of beauty)2)文化阻断(theBlockModel)源语文化表达形式小时,文化意义没有进入译入语语篇。常见于古汉语中的尊称和自谦语尊称:令尊(yourfather),令堂(yourmother),令郎(yourson)、令爱(yourdaughter)如
3、:鄙人/小生/晚生(I),贱内(mywife),家父/母(myfather/mother),家兄/姐(myelderbrother/sister),舍弟/妹(mylittlebrother/sister),小儿/女(myson/daughter),寒舍/敝舍(myhouse),浅谈(on)3)文化诠释(theAnnotationModel)为源语文化表达形式提供文化语境信息。采用“翻译+注释”的形式,如:包子Baozi-steamedbuns(小圆面包)withstuffing李白LibaithefamouspoetinancientChina4)文化异化(Foreignization)要求译
4、者向原文作者靠拢,采取原文作者使用的表达方式传达原文的内容。n常见于英汉成语、歇后语、习语的翻译。如:armtotheteeth武装到牙齿(全副武装)crocodiletears鳄鱼的眼泪(伪善的眼泪/猫哭老鼠假慈悲)adarkhorse黑马(出人意料的获胜者)ivory(aivri,象牙)tower象牙塔(为避免现实生活的烦恼而处身的小天地)Timeismoney.时间就是金钱。(一寸光阴一寸金)dominoeffect多米诺(骨牌)效应(连锁反应)mini-skirt迷你裙(超短裙)bottleneck瓶颈(阻碍的关键环节)Inthecountryoftheblind,theone-eye
5、dmanisKing.盲人国里,独眼人称王。(山中无老虎,猴子称大王。)Theresnosmokewithoutsomefire.无火不生烟。(无风不起浪。)5)文化归化(Domestication)源语表达形式略去,代之以译语的形式,源语文化意义丧失。常见于成语、歇后语、习语的翻译。如:近朱者赤,近墨者黑。He who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.得寸进尺Give him an inch and he will take a mile.The more one gets,the more one wants.木已成舟Whats
6、 done is done.asstupidasagoose蠢得像猪kickthebucket翘辫子/死掉aspoorasachurchmouse一贫如洗neitherfishnorfowl(家禽)不伦不类/非驴非马talkhorse吹牛astimidasarabbit胆小如鼠nleadadogslifen过着牛马不如的生活nputalloneseggsinonebasketn孤注一掷知识储备知识储备:有关词汇有关词汇春节theSpringFestival(NewYearsDayoftheChineselunarcalendar)元宵节(灯节)theLanternFestival清明节Qing
7、mingFestivalPart III 译例分析译例分析中国传统节日中国传统节日端午节(农历五月初五)theDragon-boatFestival中秋节(农历八月十五)theMid-AutumnFestivaltheMoonFestival重阳节/登高节(农历九月初九)theDoubleNinthFestival(中国)情人节/七夕(农历七月初七)theDoubleSeventhFestivalQixiFestivaltheChineseValentinesDay 知识储备知识储备:春节的有关词汇春节的有关词汇过年Guo-nian;havetheSpringFestival对联poeticc
8、ouplet(对句,对联)-twosuccessiverhyminglinesinpoetry春联SpringFestivalcouplet剪纸paper-cut(s)Part IV 译例分析译例分析春节专题春节专题 年画NewYearpaintings买年货specialpurchasesfortheSpringFestivaldoSpringFestivalshopping敬酒proposeatoast灯笼lantern-aportablelight注:redlantern/lightdistrict红灯区redlamp红灯记烟花fireworks爆竹firecrackers红包redpa
9、ckets-cashwrappedupinredpaper,symbolizingfortuneandwealthinthecomingyear舞狮liondance-Thelionisbelievedtobeabletodispelevilandbringgoodluck.舞龙dragondance-toexpectgoodweatherandgoodharvests戏曲traditionalopera杂耍varietyshow灯谜riddleswrittenonlanterns守岁staying-up拜年payNewYearscallgiveNewYearsgreetings(祝贺,问候)
10、NewYearsvisit禁忌taboo去晦气getridoftheill-fortune祭祖宗offersacrifices(贡品,祭品)toonesancestors压岁钱gift/luckymoney-moneygiventochildrenasalunarNewYeargift辞旧岁bidfarewelltotheoldyear扫房springcleaning年糕Nian-gao;ricecake;NewYearcake团圆饭familyreuniondinner年夜饭NewYearsEvedinner饺子Jiao-zi(stuffed)dumplingsChinesemeatravi
11、oli(,rviuli,意大利小方饺)汤圆Tang-yuan-dumplingsmadeofsweetrice,rolledintoballsandstuffedwitheithersweetorspicyfillings例句翻译例句翻译春节,又称农历新年,它是中国最重大的传统节日。时间通常在一月底,二月初。在新年的第一天,每人都穿上新衣服,走亲访友并且鞠躬祝福,为的是新年能有好运气。TheSpringFestival,alsoknownastheLunarNewYear,isthegreatesttraditionalfestivalinChina,whichusuallycomesinla
12、teJanuaryorearlyFebruary.Onthefirstdayofthenewyear,everybodywearsnewclothesandcallson/visitsrelativesandfriendswithbowsandcongratulations,wishingeachotherthebestduringthenewyear.春节前,人们打扫屋子、在大门上贴大红对联、放鞭炮。据传说,这样做是为了驱赶一个叫“年”的魔鬼。除夕之夜,一大家子一定会在一起会餐,最受欢迎的主食是饺子,人们认为它能带来好运吉祥。BeforetheSpringFestival,peoplecle
13、antheirhouses,putredcoupletsontheirgatesandsetofffirecrackers,accordingtofairytales,fordrivingawayademonnamedNian.OntheeveoftheSpringFestival,aget-togetherbanquetisamust,andthemostpopularfoodisJiaozi,whichissupposedtobringgoodfortune.知识储备知识储备:有关词汇有关词汇结婚典礼weddingceremony结婚纪念日weddinganniversary新娘bride
14、新郎bridegroom/groomPart V 译例分析译例分析婚俗婚俗主婚人/司仪officiatorfiieit 牧师pastor/priest伴郎groomsman伴娘bridesmaid蜜月honeymoon例句翻译例句翻译中国是一个有56个民族的大国。不同的民族有不同的婚俗。但无论是哪个民族,结婚仪式都很复杂。Chinaisalargecountrywith56nationalities.Differentnationalitieshavedifferentmarriagecustoms,butwhateverthenationalityis,theweddingceremonyi
15、susuallyverycomplicated.n传统的中国婚礼仪式包括6个必备步骤,它们是:说媒、定亲、聘礼、迎娶、拜堂(三鞠躬)、喝交杯酒等六步。此外,如今一个标准的中国婚礼会如下进行:在一对新人订婚后,接下来就是挑选吉日成亲。nThetraditionalChinesemarriageceremonyusuallyinvolves6necessaryprocedures,namely:match-making,engagement,betrothal(bitrul婚约)presents,meetingthebride,threebowsanddrinkingcross-cuppedwin
16、e.Inaddition,atypicalChineseweddingnowadaysgoeslikethis:whenanewcoupleis/getsengaged,whatfollowsisachoiceofthedateoftheirmarriage.n大部分人会挑选节假日或某个中国的传统节日,为的是亲戚朋友们能来参加婚礼。不过,有一些人,尤其是乡下人很有可能请算命先生挑个结婚的吉日(通常是双日子),这样就是双喜临门了。nMostpeoplewouldfavoraholidayoratraditionalChinesefestival,foritsconvenientfortheirr
17、elativesandfriendstoattendtheweddingonthatday.However,quiteafewothers,especiallythoseinthecountryside,wouldprobablyaskafortune-tellerforaluckydate(usuallyanevennumber)sothattheirmarriagewouldhave“DoubleHappiness”.注:奇数odd/unevennumber,偶数evennumbern婚礼庆典很隆重,最后是很奢华的婚宴。人们会举杯祝愿新人“但愿人长久,千里共婵娟”以及早生贵子等等。nTheweddingceremonyisusuallyagrandone,andveryoftenendswithaveryextravagantbanquet.Toastsaremadetowishthenewcouplelonglife,eternalloveandhappiness,earlybirthofahealthybabyandsoon.Thank you!Q&A
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