房地产企业土地增值税纳税筹划研究—以BG公司为例.docx
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1、房地产企业土地增值税纳税筹划研究以BG公司为例Research on tax planning of real estate company land value-added taxTaking BG company as an example摘要摘要作为国民经济的重要支柱,房地产业的发展与中国的社会经济水平和国计民生息息相关。与其他行业相比,房地产企业的业务更为复杂,涉及的税种更多,税收负担更重,尤其是土地增值税税负更为突出。针对上述特征,近年来,房地产企业已成为社会关注和政府监管的重点行业。在2016年的中央经济会议中多次强调了“房住不炒”的定位,在2018年的中央经济会议中又提出“我国要
2、实施较大规模的减税降费”。土地增值税作为房地产企业的重要税种之一,政策繁琐且计算复杂,税额支出水平直接影响着企业的收益和市场竞争力。面对当前国家经济宏观调控以及税制改革的大背景,做好房地产企业土地增值税的纳税筹划工作,一方面从节税路径实现企业价值最大化,另一方面为今后进一步完善土地增值税及相关政策法规提供思路。本文依据BG房地产公司的实际情况,采用文献研究法、案例研究法和比较研究法来研究其土地增值税的纳税筹划,主要内容有:第一,对房地产业和土地增值税政策进行归纳整理,并总结纳税筹划的理论基础,为本文的土地增值税纳税筹划案例研究奠定基础。第二,引入BG公司实际案例,分别从开发、销售和清算三个维度
3、分析土地增值税纳税现状、问题及原因。第三,结合BG公司土地增值税纳税现状,从房地产项目的开发、销售、清算环节设计纳税筹划方案。在开发环节,可以通过土地成本分摊、利息费用扣除、精装房屋建设等方法来进行纳税筹划;在销售环节,可以通过对代收费用和税收临界点的定价进行纳税筹划;在清算环节,可以通过对清算时间和清算单位的选择进行纳税筹划;最终,为达成企业税后价值最大化目标,寻找出BG公司整体最优的土地增值税纳税筹划方案,即通过修建精装房的方式,能使BG公司土地增值税节约7,224.63万元,且净利润增加2,001.89万元。第四,结合BG公司土地增值税纳税筹划,分析可能存在的风险,并提出相应的风险防范应
4、对措施。 本文基于房地产项目全周期视角,从开发、销售、清算环节全过程设计纳税筹划方案,弥补了已有文献只从单个环节或单一要素进行纳税筹划的不足;同时,强化了以实现税后价值最大化为目标进行整体纳税筹划,优化了企业纳税筹划目标视角。本文的研究为土地增值税纳税筹划提供了理论与实际相融合的典型案例,能为其他房地产企业提供借鉴。关键词:房地产企业;土地增值税;纳税筹划AbstractAs an important pillar of national economy, the development of real estate industry is closely related to Chinas
5、social and economic level and the national economy and peoples livelihood. Compared with other industries, the business of real estate enterprises is more complex, involving more taxes and heavier tax burden, especially the tax burden of land value-added tax is more prominent. In view of the above c
6、haracteristics, in recent years, real estate enterprises have become a key industry of social concern and government supervision. In the 2016 central economic conference, the position of housing without speculation was repeatedly emphasized. In the 2018 central economic conference, it was proposed t
7、hat China should implement large-scale tax reduction and fee reduction. As one of the important taxes of real estate enterprises, land value-added tax has complicated policies and calculation. The level of tax expenditure directly affects the income and market competitiveness of enterprises. In the
8、face of the current macro-control of national economy and the background of tax system reform, to do a good job in tax planning of land value-added tax of real estate enterprises, on the one hand, to maximize the enterprise value from the tax saving path, on the other hand, to provide ideas for furt
9、her improving land value-added tax and related policies and regulations in the future.According to the actual situation of BG real estate company, this paper uses literature research, case study and comparative study to study the tax planning of land value-added tax. The main contents are as follows
10、: first, summarize the real estate industry and land value-added tax policies, and summarize the theoretical basis of tax planning, which lays the foundation for the case study of land value-added tax planning in this paper. Second, introduce the actual case of BG company, analyze the current situat
11、ion, problems and reasons of land value-added tax from three dimensions of development, sales and liquidation. Third, combined with the current situation of land value-added tax of BG company, the tax planning scheme is designed from the development, sales and liquidation of real estate projects. In
12、 the development phase, tax planning can be carried out by means of land cost allocation, interest expense deduction, hardbound housing construction, etc.; in the sales phase, tax planning can be carried out by means of the pricing of collection fees and tax critical points; in the liquidation phase
13、, tax planning can be carried out by means of the selection of liquidation time and liquidation unit; finally, in order to achieve the maximum after tax value of the enterprise The goal is to find out the overall optimal land value-added tax planning scheme of BG company. That is to say, by building
14、 hardbound houses, BG company can save 72.2463 million yuan of land value-added tax and increase its net profit by 20.0189 million yuan. Fourth, combined with the land value-added tax planning of BG company, this paper analyzes the possible risks and puts forward the corresponding risk prevention me
15、asures.Based on the full cycle perspective of real estate projects, this paper designs a tax planning scheme from the whole process of development, sales and liquidation, which makes up for the deficiency of existing literature that only from a single link or a single element of tax planning; at the
16、 same time, it strengthens the overall tax planning with the goal of maximizing the after tax value, and optimizes the target perspective of enterprise tax planning. This study provides a typical case of the integration of theory and Practice for tax planning of land value-added tax, which can be us
17、ed for reference by other real estate enterprises.Keywords: Real estate enterprises; land value-added tax; tax planning目 录摘要IAbstractII1 绪论11.1研究背景与意义11.1.1研究背景11.1.2研究意义11.2文献综述21.2.1 纳税筹划国内外研究综述21.2.2 土地增值税国内外研究综述41.2.3 文献评述61.3研究内容与方法71.3.1 研究内容71.3.2 研究方法71.4 技术路线81.5 论文创新点92 相关概念及理论基础112.1 房地产行
18、业概述112.2 土地增值税纳税筹划122.2.1 土地增值税纳税筹划概述122.2.2 土地增值税纳税筹划原则122.3 房地产企业土地增值税132.3.1 土地增值税的涵义132.3.2 土地增值税计算方式132.3.3 土地增值税征收管理142.4 理论基础142.4.1 理性经济人假设理论152.4.2 公共产品理论152.4.3 博弈理论153 BG公司土地增值税纳税现状与问题分析173.1 BG公司基本情况173.1.1 公司概述173.1.2 公司经营情况173.1.3 公司财务状况173.2 BG公司土地增值税纳税现状193.2.1 清算单位及清算对象现状193.2.2 应税收
19、入现状193.2.3 扣除项目现状193.2.4 土地增值税现状213.3 BG公司土地增值税问题分析233.3.1 开发环节的土地增值税问题233.3.2 销售环节的土地增值税问题243.3.3 清算环节的土地增值税问题243.3.4 BG公司土地增值税问题原因分析254 BG公司土地增值税纳税筹划设计274.1 开发环节纳税筹划274.1.1 土地成本分摊方式筹划274.1.2 利息支出扣除方式筹划294.1.3 修建精装住房筹划304.2 销售环节纳税筹划324.2.1 代收费用筹划324.2.2 税收临界点定价筹划344.3 清算环节纳税筹划364.3.1 清算时间选择筹划364.3.
20、2 清算单位选择筹划404.4 整体最优纳税筹划444.5 土地增值税纳税筹划结论464.6 BG公司土地增值税纳税筹划的普遍适用性475 BG公司土地增值税纳税筹划风险与防范485.1土地增值税纳税筹划风险485.1.1 执行风险485.1.2 经营风险485.1.3 政策风险485.1.4 成本风险495.2 土地增值税纳税筹划风险防范495.2.1 设立税务岗位并加强专业培训495.2.2 提高税收政策变化的关注度495.2.3 加强相关部门联动纳税筹划管理505.2.4 营造良好的税企关系506 研究结论及展望516.1 研究结论516.2 研究展望51致谢53参考文献55个人简历、在
21、学期间发表的学术论文及取得的研究成果591 绪论1 绪论1.1 研究背景与意义1.1.1 研究背景房地产业是我国国民经济的重要支柱,它在社会经济发展中占有重要地位,已成为公众和政府关注的焦点。自2015年下半年以来,房地产业进入快速发展阶段,随之而来的是房价在不断攀升,这一方面吸引了越来越多的投机者将购买房屋作为投资工具,持续高涨的房地产市场将房价推向了前所未有的高度;而另一方面,土地市场也吸引了越来越多的大中型房地产企业前来竞价,最终成交的土地价格不断高出历史水平,再一次把我国的房价推向了历史新高。面对以上现象,2016年中央经济会议明确指出,房子是用于居住而不是用于投机,并坚持“房住不炒”
22、的定位,这体现了中央决策的定力,同时强调夯实地方政府主体责任,有助于调控政策更好地落实。未来各城市要因地制宜确定住房发展和市场管理目标,有效控制房价,体现政府责任担当。2018年中央经济会议又提出,我国要实施较大规模的减税降费,适度降低企业税负可以起到稳增长调结构的效果,也有利于更好地应对复杂多变的国际经济形势1。房地产业作为助推我国经济发展的重要产业,在市场环境不稳定、竞争愈发激烈的环境下,其面临的发展与生存空间相较于过去会更艰难。土地增值税作为房地产业的重要税种之一,其支出金额直接影响着企业的收益和市场竞争力。就目前的土地增值税政策来看,个别条款的规定模棱两可,土地增值税的影响因素较多且计
23、算较为复杂。结合当前我国经济宏观调控和税制改革的大背景,在不违反现行税收法律法规的前提下,如何通过纳税筹划降低房地产企业的税负,从税收筹划途径以实现企业价值最大化目标2,同时又能为今后进一步完善土地增值税及相关政策法规提供思路。1.1.2 研究意义纳税筹划是企业管理者制定决策时需要考虑的因素之一,对于从节税路径实现企业价值最大化和预防与规避税收风险意义重大。本文在研究大量文献和案例的基础上,根据土地增值税政策和纳税筹划的理论基础,设计了一套针对BG房地产公司的土地增值税纳税筹划方案,其研究意义如下: 有利于理论与实际相融合本文在归纳整理现行土地增值税与相关政策法规,以及税收筹划理论基础上,结合
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