小学体验式家庭作业设计研究 (2).docx
《小学体验式家庭作业设计研究 (2).docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《小学体验式家庭作业设计研究 (2).docx(25页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、小学体验式家庭作业设计研究摘要:作业练习作为教学活动和知识巩固的重要环节,如果说课堂是主阵地,那么作业就是分战场,作业既包括课堂作业也包括家庭作业,对做好教学工作而言,作业有着非常重要的作用。作业布置与学生减负问题一直都是教育部门关注的焦点,在小学生减负十条规定中第四条指出:不留作业,小学生不留书面式家庭作业,可布置一些适合小学生特点的体验式家庭作业,积极与家长,社会资源单位联动,在确保学生安全的前提下,因地制宜地安排学生参观博物馆,图书馆,文化馆等社会设施,组织参加力所能及的手工劳动,农业劳动。因此,如何设计丰富多彩的体验式作业,为作业注入新的内容和形式,提高家庭作业的实效性。让学生能根据自
2、己的兴趣,找到自己喜欢的方式参与作业,成为教育研究者面临的重要课题。教学既是一种生命活动,又是提升生命意义与价值的手段与途径。教学设计就是旨在促使教学活动更具生命性、发展性与有效性的一种活动。体验式教学设计摒弃传统教学设计中以知识传递为显性中轴的外在输入式设计思路,采用以学习体验生成为内在主线的内发创生式设计思路。这种以学生即时的学习体验为重心,充分关注与体验相关联的人的现实生活与生命意义的展开,高度关怀知识意义与学生完整精神与生命成长的教学设计突破了传统教学设计中只见零碎的“知”不见完整的“人”,只为僵化且未知的“将来”不为鲜活且实在的“现在”,只求外在的行为规范设计而忽视内生的心理体验设计
3、的局限,变革了传统教学设计中过分注重知识传递而忽视体验生成的不合理的行为方式与思维方式,标志着一种有助于实现人的理性发展与感性发展有机整合、教学的科学化与人文化辩证统一的新的设计思想的诞生。体验式教学设计是从教学理论和教学心理的视角出发,以实践性问题解决为逻辑起点,以学习体验的生成为重心,以复杂适应系统理论为本体论依据,以情境学习理论为认识论依据,以实践智力理论为价值论依据,以实践性思维的训练为直接目标,以完整精神与生命的成长为最终旨趣的一种内发创生式教学设计。这实质上是一种基于实践性问题解决的“学程式”教学设计。“学程式”的特点表征在体验式教学设计更重视对学习环境进行创设,更重视对学习体验的
4、引发,这使得体验式教学设计具有较好的信度和内在效度;“基于实践性问题解决”的特点表征在体验式教学设计以实践性问题解决为依托,因而更具操作性与推广性,这使得体验式教学设计具有较好的外在效度。由此,以学习体验的运行与生成为内在主线,以实践性问题的有效解决为外显中轴的体验式教学设计是具有较好信度与效度的内发创生式教学设计。体验式教学设计研究遵循了“需求探析理论构想实证检验原理总结”的研究思路,综合运用调查研究法、理论研究法和实验研究法对体验式教学设计的必要性、合理性、本体性、有效性与原理性进行了系统而科学的研究。本研究具体以“问题解决是体验式教学的土壤,问题解决的有效性体现于问题的信度与效度两个指标
5、,实践性问题是具有信度与效度的有效问题,实践性问题的有效解决指向于实践性思维的训练”为体验式教学设计的内在逻辑,着重依从于实践性思维的目标价值与手段价值去设计凸显实践性思维的目标系统;依从于知识的情境性以及认知活动的复杂性去设计基于实践性问题的内容系统;依从于学校情境内外实践性问题解决的同构性以及实践性问题解决的多元性去设计依托实践性问题解决的过程系统;依从于学习体验的发生结构以及教学活动的自组织性去设计促使学习体验生成的组织系统。由此,体验式教学设计系统是一个涵盖凸显实践性思维的目标系统设计、基于实践性问题的内容系统设计、依托实践性问题解决的过程系统设计以及促使学习体验生成的组织系统设计的教
6、学设计系统。在对体验式教学设计的理论基础、系统建构,以及体验式教学设计思想在数学领域的实验验证进行透彻剖析与深入研究的基础上,本研究归结出了体验式教学设计的四大基本原理:第一,体验式教学是一个通过“为实践而教”,使学生“为实践而学”,并且在实践中“学会成事”、“学会成人”的教学系统,由此演绎出体验式教学目标设计的“实践化成原理”;第二,体验式教学是一个教师与学生之间不断相互适应的复杂适应系统,由此演绎出体验式教学师生关系设计的“互适应原理”;第三,体验式教学是一个无序与有序交替运演而涌现的自适应系统,由此演绎出体验式教学系统设计的“自组织原理”;第四,体验式教学是一个具有整体情境与动力作用的教
7、学系统,由此演绎出体验式教学情境设计的“心理场原理”。关键词:小学 家庭式 设计研究An important part of exercise as the teaching activity and the consolidation of knowledge, if the classroom is the main position, then the operation is divided into the battlefield, including working class assignments including homework, to do a good job of
8、teaching, plays an important role in operation.Students with the burden of homework problem has always been the focus of attention in the education sector, primary burden ten provisions in the fourth article pointed out: no homework, students do not leave written homework, some characteristics can b
9、e arranged for students to experience the homework, and parents actively, social resource units, in the premise of ensuring students safety, to arrange for students to visit museums, libraries, cultural centers and other social organizations to participate in whatever facilities, manual labor, agric
10、ultural labor. Therefore, how to design a rich and colorful experience homework, for the work to inject new content and form, improve the effectiveness of homework. To enable students to find their own way to participate in the work according to their own interests, has become an important issue for
11、 educational researchers.Teaching is not only a kind of life activity, but also a means to improve the meaning and value of life. Instructional design is a kind of activity which aims to make teaching activities more life, development and effectiveness. The experiential teaching design to abandon th
12、e traditional teaching design based on knowledge transfer external input type design ideas for the dominant axis, the learning experience of students in the main become internal design ideas creation style. The students immediate learning experience as the focus, pay attention to real life and the m
13、eaning of life and the experience of people associated with the development, teaching design knowledge and students complete high concern significance of spirit and life growth through only fragmentary knowledge not complete people in the traditional teaching design, just as rigid and the unknown fu
14、ture is not alive and real now, but the external standard design and ignore the endogenous psychological experience of the limitations of the design, change the traditional teaching design pays too much attention to knowledge transfer and ignore the experience of life into the unreasonable behavior
15、and way of thinking, marks the birth of a help us to realize peoples development and emotional development of organic integration, teaching scientific and cultural dialectical unity of the new design thought. Experiential teaching design is starting from the teaching theory and teaching psychologica
16、l perspective to practical problem solving as the logic starting point, the forming of learning experience as the focus on the theory of complex adaptive system theory basis for ontology, situational learning theory as the theory of knowledge, practical intelligence theory as theory of value accordi
17、ng to practical thinking the training is the direct target, a created instructional design which aims at complete spirit and life growth. This is essentially a kind of teaching design based on practical problem solving. The characteristics of course in the experiential teaching design pays more atte
18、ntion to the creation of learning environment, pay more attention to the cause of learning experience, which makes the experiential teaching design has good reliability and validity; the characteristics of practical problem solving based on experiential teaching design to practical problem solving b
19、ased on therefore, more operational and promotion, which makes the experiential teaching design with external validity. Thus, the learning experience of students has become the internal operation and the main line, in order to effectively solve practical problems for the design of experiential teach
20、ing design is the creation of explicit axis teaching with good reliability and validity. The research on the experience teaching design follows the research ideas and requirements analysis of theory, empirical test principle, summary, comprehensive research method, theoretical research method and ex
21、perimental research method of experiential teaching necessity, the rationality of the design, ontology, effectiveness and principle of system science. This study specifically to problem solving is the experience teaching of the soil, to solve the problem of reliability and validity of validity probl
22、ems reflected in the two indicators, practical problem is effective with reliability and validity, effectively solve practical problems to practical thinking training as the internal logic of experiential teaching design the target system, value goal and means on compliance with the value of practic
23、al thinking to design highlights practical thinking; complexity of compliance with the knowledge of the context and cognitive activities to design the content system of practical problem based on multi process system; solve the isomorphism problem in compliance with the school situation inside and o
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 小学体验式家庭作业设计研究 2 小学 体验 家庭 作业 设计 研究
限制150内