教育专题：高考英语语法-代词.pptx

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1、代 词1、人称代词的替代和转换、人称代词的替代和转换;2、物主代词的性；、物主代词的性；3、else的用法；的用法；4、不定代词的用法比较、不定代词的用法比较;5、it的用法；的用法；高考考点分析一一.人称代词人称代词 （你，我，他（你，我，他）人人称称单单数数复复数数主主格格 宾宾格格 主主格格宾宾格格第一人第一人称称Imeweus第二人第二人称称youyouyouyou第三人第三人称称hesheithimherittheythem二二.物主代词物主代词人人称称单单数数复复数数形容词形容词性性名词性名词性 形容词性形容词性名词性名词性第一第一人称人称mymineourours第二第二人称人称

2、youryoursyouryours第三第三人称人称hisheritshishers（无）（无）theirtheirs通通称称ones三三.反身代词：反身代词：表表反射反射或或强调强调单数单数复数复数第一人称第一人称myselfourselves第二人称第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称第三人称himselfthemselvesherselfitselfoneself1.人称代词的指代问题人称代词的指代问题问题问题问题问题1 1：Itwas_whodidit,butitwas_thatwearetalkingabout.A.heshe B.himherC.himsheD.he

3、her解析：解析：解析：解析：人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或表语，宾格做宾语。Johnwaitedawhilebuteventuallyhewenthome.Isawherwiththem,atleast,Ithoughtitwasher.D2）在使用人称代词时，要注意其人称、数和格的一致。如：JimandIsawthemanpassingby.Betweenyouandme,hestolealotofmoneyfromsomewhere.Heaskedthreeofus,John,Joanandme,tohavedinnerwithhim.Meatandfisharemoreexpensiv

4、ethantheyusedtobe.不定代词anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone，someone，everyone，noone，及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he,his,him代替。Nobodycame,didhe?2.人称代词之主、宾格的替换人称代词之主、宾格的替换问题问题问题问题2 2：Susan,goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.Why?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.（03全国卷）全国卷）AhimBheCI Dme解析：解析：解析：解析：在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或

5、在not后，多用宾格。-IlikeEnglish.-Metoo.-Havemorewine?-Notme.D问题问题问题问题3 3：-MayIspeaktoJohn?-Thisis_speaking.A.heB.hisC.himD.himselfAllbut_totheconcerttomorrow.A.heandIamgoingB.heandIaregoingC.heandmearegoingD.hisandmeamgoingAB解析：解析：解析：解析：a.在电话用语中常用主格。在电话用语中常用主格。-IwishtospeaktoMary.-Thisisshe.b.在介词在介词but，exc

6、ept后，有时可用主格代替宾格。后，有时可用主格代替宾格。3.物主代词的性物主代词的性问题问题4：-IsthiscameralikeBillsandAnns?-No,butitsalmostthesameas_.A.herB.yoursC.themD.theirB解析：解析：形容词性的物主代词修饰名词，不能独用;名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的-s所有格结构。另外Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?4.反身代词反身代词问题问题5：Youwillfindasyoureadfiatsbooksthatyoujustcantkeepsomeofthesesto

7、nesto_.Youwillwanttosharethemwithafriend.A.itselfB.yourselfC.himselfD.themselvesB反身代词通常作宾语、表语和同位语。反身代词通常作宾语、表语和同位语。a.作宾语：有些动词需有反身代词absent,bathe,amuse,blame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behave,help,dress,keep,Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchlastnight.Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.b.作表语Iamnotmyselftoday.c.作同

8、位语Thethingitselfisnotimportant.d.byoneself=alone独自foroneself独立、为自己beoneself处于正常状态,显得自然enjoyoneselfseatoneselfdressoneselfindevoteoneselftohelponeselftocometooneselfmakeoneselfathomeA、some/any问题问题1Theres_cookingoilleftinthehouse.Wouldyougotothecornerstoreandget_?A.little;someB.little;anyC.alittle;som

9、eD.alittle;any问题问题2Iaskedhimforsomeoil,buthehadnt_.A.anyB.someC.noD.anythingAA说明：说明：some“一些”，一般用于肯定句中。1)可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。2)当做“某一”解时，也可与单数名词连用(=acertain)Youwillbesorryforthissomeday.Somepersonhasseenyoubreaktherule.注意注意：some用于其他句式中用于其他句式中:a.肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。Wouldyoulike.表委婉请求或建议b.在条件状语

10、从句中表示确定的意义时，如：Ifyouneedsomehelp，letmeknow.c.当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。Ihaventheardfromsomeofmyoldfriendstheseyears.any“一些”，多用于否定句和疑问句和条件句中。当表示“任何一个”的意思时，any可用于肯定句。Herearethreenovels.Youmayreadany.问题问题3：Wehaventenoughbooksfor;someofyouwillhavetoshare.AsomebodyBanybodyCeverybodyDnobody问题问题4：-Oneweekstim

11、ehasbeenwasted.-Icantbelievewedidallthatworkfor.A.somethingB.nothingC.everythingD.anythingCBB、one，that和和it问题问题问题问题1 1：Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_Iwillalwaystreasure.thatoneitwhat问题问题问题问题2 2：TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.

12、oneD.which问题问题问题问题3 3：IpreferaflatinInvernessto_inPerth,becauseIwanttolivenearmyMoms.A.oneB.thatC.itD.this问题问题问题问题4 4：Carsdocauseussomehealthproblemsinfactfarmoreserious_thanmobilephonesdo.AoneBonesCitDthoseBBAB说明：说明：one表示泛指，that和it表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it与所指名词为同一个。Icantfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuyo

13、ne.ThehatyouboughtisbiggerthanthatIbought.Icantfindmyhat.IdontknowwhereIputit.C、another/other/theother/others/theothers问题问题问题问题1 1：Youngpeoplemaygrowquicklyinsomewaysandmoreslowlyin_.A.theother B.someotherC.othersD.theseothers问题问题问题问题2 2：Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and_.A.theotheris

14、whiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhite问题问题问题问题3 3：Noprogresswasmadeinthetradetalkasneithersidewouldaccepttheconditionsof_.A.othersB.theotherC.eitherD.anotherCCB说明：说明：onetheother只有两个oneanother，someothersothers=otherpeople/thingstheothers=therest剩余的全部1)泛指另一个用another,泛指另外一些人，物用others=(other

15、+复数名词).2)一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用theother。3)一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one(another)，第三个可用theother，athird。4)一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用theothers。5)除去已有的，表示“还有多少”，一般有三个结构：another+数量+名词；数量+other+名词；数量+more+名词。D、anyone/anyone；noone/none；nothing问题问题问题问题1 1：Playingtricksonothersis_weshouldneverdo.A.anythingB.somethingC.e

16、verythingD.nothing问题问题问题问题2 2：Wehaventenoughbooksfor;someofyouwillhavetoshare.AsomebodyBanybodyCeverybodyDnobody问题问题问题问题3 3：Shedoesntknowanyonehere.Shehasgot_totalkto.A.anyoneB.someoneC.everyoneD.nooneBCD1.anyone和和anyoneanyone仅指人,不与of连用；anyone既可指人,也可指物。2.noone和和nonea)none后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而noone只单独使用，

17、只指人。b)none作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而noone作主语，谓语动词只能是单数。Noneofyoucouldliftit.-Didanyonecallmeupjustnow?-Noone.3.none和和nothingnone只指量，用howmany/much提问；nothing泛指，什么东西都不存在。用what提问。-Arethereanyeggsinthefridge?-None.Infact,thereisnothinginthefridge.E、every和和each问题：问题：问题：问题：_hegoesoutforsomefood.A.EveryafewdaysB.Eve

18、ryfewdaysC.EachfewdaysD.EveryseveraldaysB说明：说明：1)every强调全体的概念，each强调个体概念。Everystudentinourschoolworkshard.Eachstudentmayhaveonebook.2)every指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)3)every只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。Everystudenthastotakeone.Eachboyhastotakeone.Eachoftheboyshastotakeone.4)every不可以作状语，each可作状语。W

19、eeachhaveaglasstodrinkwaterwith.5)every表“每”，如everytwoweeks等6)every/each与与not连用，表示部分否定连用，表示部分否定Everymanisnothonest.F、both,either,neither,all,any,none问题问题问题问题1 1：IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,but_ofthemcame.A.neitherB.eitherC.noneD.both问题问题问题问题2 2：-Doyouwantteaorcoffee?-_.Ireallydontmind.A.Both B.NoneC.

20、EitherD.Neither问题问题问题问题3 3：-WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?-_wayasyouplease.AEachBEveryCAnyDEither问题问题问题问题4 4：26.Ihadtobuy_thesebooksbecauseIdidntknowwhichonewasthebest.A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.allACCD1）both，either，neither。使用范围为两个人或物。Neitherofthetwoboysisclever.注意注意both，either的用法区别：的用法区别：bo

21、th与复数连用，either与单数连用。Boththeboysareclever.Bothoftheboysareclever.Eitherboyisclever.Eitherofthetwoboysisclever.Thereareflowersonbothsidesofthestreet.=?Thereareflowersoneithersideofthestreet.2）all，any，none。使用范围为三者以上。Alltheflowersaregone.Idontlikeanyoftheflowers.Ilikenoneoftheflowers.注意注意：all与与none用法一样。

22、跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词数名词，用复数动词。Allofthestudentsarethere.All(of)themilkisthere.G、few,little,afew,alittle,abit问题问题问题问题:Althoughheswealthy，hespends_onclothes.A.littleB.fewC.alittleD.afewA1.(a)few+可数名词,(a)little+不可数名词 quiteafew,quitealittleafew/alittle;few/little如：Hehasafewfriends.H

23、ehasfewfriends.2.abitof+不可数名词notalittle=much;notabit=notatallThereisonlyabitofinkinthebottle.Wearenotalittletiredbecausewehavebeenworkingforalmosttwentyhours.Althoughhehadwalkedalongway,hedidntfeeltiredabit.考题点击：考题点击：1)-Didyougoonmanyofthehuntingtrips?-No,_.A.notmuchB.littleatallC.fewerD.veryfew2)-A

24、reyoufeelingtiredafterthegame?-_.Infact,Ifeelquiterelaxed.A.NotalittleB.NotabitC.NotlittleD.Notbit3)Tomnevergoesouttoeatbecausehehas_money.A.fewB.littleC.alittleD.afew4)_friendsBettyhadmadetherewereallinvitedtoherbirthdayparty.A.FewofB.FewC.ThefewD.AfewDBBCH.no和和noneno等于notany，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词

25、，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可。Thereisnowaterinthebottle.-Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?-None.Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.问题问题问题问题1 1-Victorcertainlycarestoomuchabouthimself.-Yes.Hesneverinterestedinwhat_isdoing.A.nooneelseB.anyoneelseC.someoneelseD.nobodyelseelse常与不定代词连用，用来表示常与不定代词连用，用来表示“

26、别的别的人或人或物物nooneelse=nobodyelse，表示，表示“没别的人没别的人”，someoneelse表示表示“别的某个人别的某个人”,anyoneelse表示表示“别的任何人别的任何人”。问题问题问题问题2 2Ifthisdictionaryisnotyours，_canitbe?AwhatelseBwhoelseCwhichelses Dwhoelses除了不定代词外，另一种可以与除了不定代词外，另一种可以与else连用的词就是疑问词。连用的词就是疑问词。else结构的所有格是在结构的所有格是在else后加后加-s。1.it作人称代词,代替前面提到的事物.2.it指代时间,季

27、节,距离.3.it作形式宾语,常用在6123结构中.(think,find,make,believe,)4.it作形式主语.当动名词,不定式,从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语.5.Itisthat.的强调句型.内容提要内容提要1代替上文中提到过的人或事物。例如：Whoisthebaby?ItsmyteacherssonWhoisthatgentleman?Itsmyfriend,TomHewantstoseeyou【典型例题典型例题】TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.on

28、eD.whichB B2用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等。ItshalfanhourswalkfromheretoourschoolItsniceandwarmhereButitstwooclocknow,anditstimeforustogotoschool .Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that.Itshightimethatweleft.Itisthefirst(second.)timethat.ItsthefirsttimethatIhavebeenpraised.Itis.since.Itsthreeyearssincetheygotmarried.

29、Itis/was.when.Itwas1949whenthePRCwasfounded.Itis/was.before.Itwillbetwoyearsbeforewemeetagain.3.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.it作形式宾语的常用动词think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；4.Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth.It做形式主语，形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词，常见的形容词有：important,necessary,naturaleasy

30、,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant在在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometothepartyIt作形式主语时的几个常见句型作形式主语时的几个常见句型:.Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.表示逻辑主语特征的形容词，如：cruel,foolish,good（好心的）,nice（有养的）,rude,s

31、illy,stupid,wise,wrong这个句型可以改写为：sb.iskindtodosth.Ittakessb.todosth.“做要花某人”Ittookmeagestorepairmycomputer.Itisnogood(use)doingsth.nogood,nouse,novalue,noimportanceItsnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.Itdoesntmatterwhether(if).不论（是否）没关系Itdoesntmatterwhetherheisformyplanornot.Ithappens(seems,appears)that.Ith

32、appenedthatIhadseenthisprobleminsomebook.Itissaid(reported,learned.)that.ItissaidthathehasgonetoNewYorktoattendamedicalmeeting.Itisapity(ashame.)that.Itisapitythatwehavelostthematchwithaclosescore.Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural.)that.（should）.Itissuggested(ordered.)that.(should).Itisu

33、ptosb.todosth.今天应由他做教室清洁。Itisuptohimtocleanourclassroomtoday.Itisuptoparentstoteachtheirchildrenmanners.5.Itis+被强调部分+that.注意注意:Itisnotuntil+被强调部分被强调部分+that.5.Itis+被强调部分+that.注意注意:Itisnotuntil+被强调部分被强调部分+that.1.Itwasabout600yearsago_thefirstclockwithfaceandanhourhandwasmadeAthatBuntilCbeforeDwhen2._c

34、omputersplaysuchanimportantpartinourdailylife?AWhyitisthatBWhyisitthatCWhywasitthatDWhyisitB BA A3.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently_IbegantoappreciatetheirbeautyAuntilBthatCthenDso4.Itwashowtheyoungmanhadlearnedfiveforeignlanguages_attractedtheaudiencesinterest.A.sothatB.thatC.whatD.inwhichB BB B