心理咨询与治疗第四章.ppt

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1、Theory and Practice of Counseling and PsychotherapyPsych422Chapter4:Psychoanalytic TherapyTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4QuestionsnWhat kinds of connections do you have regarding psychoanalytic therapy?nWhat is your thoughts and attitude regarding psychoanalytic therapy

2、?nWhich parts of psychoanalytic therapy do you like or dislike?Why?nStrengths and limitations of psychoanalytic therapy?Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4The Development of Personalityn1.ORAL STAGE First yearnRelated to later mistrust and rejection issuesn2.ANAL STAGE Ages

3、 1-3nRelated to later personal power/control issuesn3.PHALLIC STAGE Ages 3-6nRelated to later sexual attitudesn4.LATENCY STAGE Ages 6-12nA time of socializationn5.GENITAL STAGE Ages 12-60nSexual energies are invested in lifeTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4 The Structure

4、of PersonalitynTHE ID The Demanding Child(biological component,unconsciousness)nRuled by the pleasure principlenTHE EGO The Traffic Cop(psychological component)nRuled by the reality principlenTHE SUPEREGO The Judge(social component)nRuled by the moral principleTheory and Practice of Counseling and P

5、sychotherapy-Chapter 4 The UnconsciousnClinical evidence for postulating the unconscious:nDreamsnSlips of the tonguenPosthypnotic suggestionsnMaterial derived from free-associationnMaterial derived from projective techniquesnSymbolic content of psychotic symptoms nNOTE:consciousness is only a thin s

6、lice of the total mindTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4 Ego-Defense MechanismsnEgo-defense mechanisms:nAre normal behaviors which operate on an unconscious level and tend to deny or distort realitynHelp the individual cope with anxiety and prevent the ego from being overw

7、helmednHave adaptive value if they do not become a style of life to avoid facing realityTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4 View of human naturenDeterministic:nBehavior is determined by irrational forces,unconscious motivation,and biological and instinctual drives.nThe firs

8、t 6 years of lifenLibido:a source of motivation and energyTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4Therapeutic GoalsnMake the unconscious consciousnStrengthen the egonExplore past to increase self-understanding and gain insightnSuccessful analysismodification of the individuals p

9、ersonality.Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4Therapists function and rolenLittle self-disclosure to foster a transference relationshipnHelp clients to achieve self-awareness,deal with anxiety,gain control,make unconscious conscious,and understand“why”for their symptomsnBui

10、lding relationship,listening,interpretation,and paying attention on resistancesnThe role of clients readiness to change Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4Therapeutic RelationshipnWorking though the transference relationshipnUnderstanding the old pattern,connecting to curre

11、nt issues,and making new choicesnReactions is not equal to transferencesnContertransference reaction as a therapeutic tool to understand the world of the clientsTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4ActivitynFree association activitynWrite 5 minutes whatever come to your mind

12、for the following topicn1.Free association about your dream OR n2.Pick up an animal(e.g.,Bird)and then write any thoughts in you mind nAny themes?Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4Psychoanalytic TechniquesnFree AssociationnClient reports whatever comes to mindnOpen doors t

13、o unconscious wishes,fantasies,conflicts,and motivation.nDream Analysis nTherapist uses the“royal road to the unconscious”to bring unconscious material to lightTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4 Psychoanalytic TechniquesnInterpretationnTherapist points out,explains,and tea

14、ches the meanings of whatever is revealednGuidelinesnClose to conscious awarenessnGo only as deep as the client is able to gonPoint out resistance or defense before interpreting the emotion or conflict that lies beneath itTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4Transference and

15、CountertransferencenTransferencenThe client reacts to the therapist as he did to an earlier significant othernThis allows the client to experience feelings that would otherwise be inaccessiblenANALYSIS OF TRANSFERENCE allows the client to achieve insight into the influence of the pastnCountertransfe

16、rencenThe reaction of the therapist toward the client that may interfere with objectivityTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4 ResistancenResistancenAnything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the production of unconscious materialnAnalysis of Resistancen

17、Helps client become aware of the reasons for the resistance(e.g.,avoiding pain or anxiety)nHelps the client to see that canceling appointments,fleeing from therapy prematurely,etc.,are ways of defending against anxietynThese acts interfere with the ability to accept changes which could lead to a mor

18、e satisfying lifeTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4 Psych-dynamic Approach nObject Relations theorynSelf PsychologynInterpersonal psychdynamic approachnCore Conflictual Relationship Theme(CCRF)Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4 Core Core Conflict

19、ualConflictual Relationship Theme Relationship Theme nWishnWhat a person wants and wishes in relationshipsnThe Response of the Other(RO)nhow a person anticipates others will respond or how the others actually respond nThe Response of Self(RS)nclients affective.Cognitive,and behavioral response in re

20、lationship situationsnWhats your feelings?(affective)nWhats your thoughts?(cognitive)nWhat do you do?(behavioral)Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4Attachment AnxietyAttachment AvoidanceShameLonelinessBasic Psychological Need Satisfaction-.43*-.32*.20*.37*-.46*.05-.75*Depre

21、ssion.13*.09*.32*-.64*Psychoanalytic Therapy From a multicultural perspectivenContribution to multicultural counselingnHelp clients to build ego and cultural identitynHelp therapists become aware their own source of contertransference,bias,prejudices,and stereotypes.nLimitations for multicultural co

22、unselingnCost,Upper-and middle-class valuesnAmbigurity(vs.Asian prefers structured and concrete solution)nBlame clients vs.blame external factors(social,cultural,or political factors)Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4SummarynContributions of Psychoanalytic approachnLimitations of psychoanalytic approachnCase of Stan and RuthTheory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy-Chapter 4