2023年高中英语语法 动词的语气.docx

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1、2023年高中英语语法 动词的语气 第四章 动词的语气 一.概念 语气有三种:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人对劝词所示示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法. 二.相关知识点精讲 1.辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别 If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us. If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time. 2.虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表 if条件句

2、中的谓与动词 主句的谓与动词 与现在的事实相反 1.行为动词用did 形式 2.be动词用were should would could + 动词原形 might 与过去的事实相反 had + done should would could + have + done might 与将来的事实相反 1.行为动词用did 2.should + 动词原形 3.were to + 动词原形 should would could + 动词原形 might 3.混合时间的虚拟语气 如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。 1)0If I

3、had received the paport yesterday, I would start today. 2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now. 3)If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be all right now. 4)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life. 4.should/ could / migh

4、t/ ought to + have done 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做” neednt have done 表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了” 5.虚拟语气中的倒装句 如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, could, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could 之后。 Had you invited us, we would have come to your party. Were I you, I would do more practice after cla. Could she lend

5、us a helping hand, she would do so. 6.wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气， 表示“可惜；.就好了； 悔不该； 但愿。” 主句谓语 从句谓语 wish 时态 谓语动词的形式 现在时 表示与wish同时发生 动词用过去时 be动词用were 过去时 表示在wish之前发生的动作 动词用had done be用had been 将来时 表示在wish之后发生的动作 动词用would do; should do be 用 would be ; should be 1)I wish I knew the key to the answer. 2)I w

6、ish I were ten years younger. 3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week. 4)I wish that you had been here yesterday. 5)He wishes that we would visit the old school. 7.表示命令或建议动词suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟 should +动词原形； should 不可用would 来

7、替代; 主句所使用的动词时态不限。 8.suggest 为“建议去做; 命令”从句用should + do 为“ 说明； 暗示”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。 1) The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day. 2) The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold. 9.insist “坚持要去做，坚持应该去做”，从句用should + do为“坚持表明，坚持说/解释”， 从句用过去时或过去完成时。 10.虚拟语气也用于

8、表语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表语从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。 11.在主语从句中，当从句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等，从句的谓语动词用需拟语气形式。其谓语动词时should + 动词原型， 或should 省略。 三.巩固练习 1.If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier. A.will be B.would have been C.could

9、 have been D.would be 2.If I _ you, Id join the army. A.am B.was C.were D.would be 3.If he _ tomorrow, he would find Mr Wang in the office. A.comes B.will come C.should come D.come 4.If it _ next week , the crops would be saved. A.rains B.will rains C.would rain D.should rain 5.If I _ it, I would do

10、 it in a different way. A.were to do B.do C.had done D.was to do 6.Supposing the weather _ bad, where would you go ? A.is B.will be C.were D.be 7.If he had worked harder, he _. A.would succeed B.had succeeded C.should succeed D.would have succeeded 8.If he _, he _ that food. A.was warned; would not

11、take B.had been warned; would not have taken C.would be warned; had not taken D.would have been warned; had not taken 9.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A.had been; would have prevented B.had been; would prevent C.were; would prevent D.were; would have prevented 10.If he _ it,

12、he _ it. A.had seen; could have believed B.saw; couldnt believe C.saw; couldnt have believed D.has seen; had believed 11.Do you think the thief entered through the window? No, if he had, I dont believe, _ broken the living-rooms window. A.he would have B.he must have C.he had D.should he have 12.Did

13、 you go swimming last Sunday? No.We would have gone _ nicer. A.if the weather was B.would the weather have been C.had the weather been D.should the weather be 13._ it _ for your help, I couldnt have made any progre. A.Had; not been B.Should; not been C.Did; not been D.Not; been您正在阅读的文章来自 14._ today,

14、 he would get there by Friday. A.Would have left B.Was he leaving C.Were he to leave D.If he leaves 15.It is ordered that a new bridge _ over the wide river. A.should be built B.would built C.will be built D.built 四.答案 1.D 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.A 高中英语语法 动词的语气 高中英语语法总结之动词 高中英语语法精讲动词时态 高中英语语法讲练结合动词的语态 浅谈高中英语语法虚拟语气教学 高中英语语法222 高中英语语法冠词 高中英语语法说课稿 初高中英语语法 高中英语语法卷