国际贸易实务英文版参考答案.docx

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1、Chapter 1I .YES，Please refer to the 1st paragraph of the text.II. 流动性过剩自给自足经济资源直接投资国际收支易货交易出口退税倾销出口型经济增长东道国贸易差额贸易顺差贸易逆差欧盟国际收支顺差国际收支逆差有形贸易无形贸易货物贸易服务贸易excess liquidity self-sufficienteconomic resources direct investment balance of payments barter export tax rebate dumpingexport-driven economic growth

2、host country balance of trade favorable/unfavorable balance of trade European Unionfavorable/unfavorable balance of payments visible trade invisible trade trade in goods trade in serv icesIIIThe chart above shows the U.S. imports from China, U.S. exports to China and the trade balance. The U.S. has

3、a negative trade balance with China, and it has been growing. During the period fro m 1997 to 2003, imports from China have grown 244% while exports to China have grown 221%, indicating that the trade deficit is increasing. There had already been a sizeable trade balance defi cit with China in 1996,

4、 totaling $ 39.5 billion at the end of the year. IV1. Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries.2. Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and i mporting of tangible goods.3. Import goods are tangible goods brought in.4. International trad

5、e is all business transactions that involve two or more countries. 5. FDI is one t hat gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company.6. Investment is used primarily as financial means for a company to earn more money on its mo ney with relative safety. V1. International trade is the

6、 fair and deliberate exchange of goods and/or services across national boundaries. It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchase and s ale of both visible and invisible goods.2. In todays complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient.N

7、ation s participate in the international trade for many reasons. As to the economic reasons, no nation has all of the economic resources (land, labor and capital) that it needs to develop its economy and cu lture, and no country enjoys a particular item sufficient enough to meet its needs. As for th

8、e prefer ence reasons, international trade takes place because of innovation of style. Besides, every nation can specialize in a certain field and enjoy a comparative advantage in some particular area in term s of trade so that they need to do business with each other to make use of resources more e

9、fficientl y and effectively.3. In measuring the effectiveness of global trade, nations carefully follow two key indicators,na mely, balance of trade and balance of payments.4. FDI, the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment, means buying of permanent property a nd business in foreign nations. I

10、t occurs when acquisition of equity interest in a foreign company is trade. The great significance of FDI for China might be that: FDI solve the problem of capital s hortage for China so that China may spend the money on importing advanced equipment and technologies for its infrastructure, national

11、supporting industry, key projects, etc.Chapter 2 I关税壁垒非关税壁垒从量税配额保护性关税 市场失灵 幼稚产业 许可证制度 财政关税 政府采购 贸易保护主义 从价税 最低限价本地采购规则增加内需Domestic content Red-tape barriers Export subsidies Binding quota Absolute quotas VER Tariff-rate quotas Zero quotaBuy local rules Tariff barriers non-tariff barriers specific dut

12、ies quota protective tariff market failure infant industry licensing system Revenue tariff government procurement trade protectionism Ad Valorem Duties floor price buy local rulesraise domestic demand 国内含量 进口环节壁垒 出口补贴 绑定配额 绝对配额 自愿出口限制 关税配额零配额本地采购原则II1. Protectionism means the deliberate use or encou

13、ragement of restrictions on imports to enable re latively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers. 保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。.2. If the Russians release their stocks of fin into the world market, the price of the metal will sink t hrough the flo

14、or.一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股票投放于国际市场之中，那么该市场中金属的价格会跌破最低限价。3. Protective tariff means a duty or tax imposed on imported products for the purpose of making them more expensive in comparison to domestic producers, thereby giving the domestic product s a price advantage.保护性关税表示对进口产品征收的关税，旨在让它们相比起本国商品更贵，从向使得本国商品具有价

15、格优势。4. Types of tariffs include ad valorem, specific, variable, or compound. In the United States, the i mposition of tariffs is made on imported goods only. Tariffs raise the prices of imported goods, thu s making them less competitive within the market of the importing country. After sevenRounds”

16、of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade trade negotiations that focused heavily on tariff reduct ions, tariffs are less important measures of protection than they used to be.关税的种类包括从价税，从量税，可变税与复合税。在美国，只对进口商品征税。关税抬高了进口货物的价格，从而使得它们在进口国商品市场竞争优势下降。继关税及贸易总协定七个回合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后，税收所起的保护作用日趋下降。 III1. Tari

17、ff is a duty collected by customs of a government on imports and/or exports.2. A revenue tariff can be some of the incomes of a government, but it must be taken under contr ol.3. To export goods at an unreasonably low price is taken as dumping which might be fought agai nst by government of the impo

18、rting country.4. A tariff may be assessed on a per unit basis, in which case it is known as a specific duty. It also may be assessed as a percentage of the value of the item, in which case it is known as an ad valore m duty.5. Import tariffs primarily serve as a means of raising the price of the imp

19、ort goods so that competitively produced domestic goods will gain a relative price advantage. Chapter 3 IAPEC Asia-pacific Economic Co-operationFTAAP Free Trade Agreement of Asia and the Pacific EUEuropean Union NAFTA North American Free Trade AgreementMERCOSUR Mercado Comun Del Cono Sur / Southern

20、Common Market ASEAN Associatio n of Southeast Asian Nations EFTA European Free Trade AreaAFTAASEAN Free Trade Area PTAsPreferential Trade agreements IITrade bloc 贸易集团Trade block 贸易禁运/ 封锁Open regionalism 开放式区域主义 Free trade area 自由贸易区 Customs union 关税联盟 Common market 共 同 市 场 Economic union 经 济 联 盟 Tra

21、de embargoes 贸 易 禁运 Boycotts 抵制歧视性关税 discriminatory tariffs 经济制裁 economic sanction 贸易弹性 trade elasticity双边贸易协定 bilateral trade agreement 最惠国 most favored nation Chapter 4I .GATTGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade HODHeads of Delegations TRIPsTrade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights G

22、ATSGeneral A greement on Trade in Services TRIMsTrade Related Investment Measures MFNMost Favored NationsII. 施 惠 国Patronage nations 受 惠 国Favored nations 缔 约国Contracting Parties 市 场 准 入market access 透 明度 transparency紧 急 进 口 措 施 Urgent Importing Measures 争 端 解 决 机制 dispute settlement mechanism 可持续发展 s

23、ustainable development 特许经营 franchiseIII.1. Until now WTO has already had 150 members and its trade volume covers 90% of the total trad e volume in the whole world.2. Topmost of WTO is the Ministerial Conference which has to meet at least once every two years. Under the Ministerial Conference is the

24、 General Council that has to meet at Geneva regularly.3. The WTO Secretariat, which offices only in Geneva, Swizerland, has around 550 regular stuff a nd is headed by a Director-General. Since decisions are made by Members only, the Secretariat ha s no decision-making powers as the other internation

25、al institutions.4. The Secretariat provides some form of legal assistance in the dispute settlement process and adv ises governments wishing to become Members of the WTO.Chapter 5 IFOB 班轮条件清关FOB 吊钩下交货平舱多式联运船舷内陆水运理舱卸货费投保CFR 卸至岸上(含着陆费) 班轮单据买卖CFR 舱底交货 CFR 班轮条件象征性交货FOB liner term customs clearance FOB U

26、nder Tackle trim multimodal transport shipboardmarine navigation on inland waterway stow discharge expense cover insurance CFR Landed linerdocumentary sales CFR Ex-ships Hold CFR liner terms symbolic delivery II1. Under CFR, buyers should effect insurance.2. Under CIF Ex-Ships Hold, seller should pa

27、y the discharge charges.3. Under CIF, the insured amount should be US $ 22 000 if the contracted price is US $20000. 4. Under CIP, seller has to procure insurance against the buyers risk of loss of or damage to the good s during the carriage.5. The FAS term requires the seller to clear the goods for

28、 export6. The DEQ term requires the buyer to proceed with the customs clearance for imports and payme nt of all customs duty.7. Under DDP, the seller must pay the costs of customs duties as well as all duties, taxes and other official charges payable upon exportation and importation of the goods.8.

29、Under DDU the seller must give the buyer instant notice of the shipping of the goods as well as any other notice required in order to allow she buyer to take measure. III1. 该报价为 FOB 的价格并含 5的佣金。 2. 在 CPT、CIP 项下，“承运人”指在货物运输合同中承诺通过铁路、公路、航空、海运、内河水运或多式运输等方式完成货物运输的人。3. 在 FCA 项下，交货地的选择对货物的装船与卸载责任有影响。如果交货地基

30、于卖方，卖方有装载责任。如果交货地在其它地方，卖方对卸载没有责任。4. 在 FOB 项下，卖方必须在约定的日期或期限内，在指定的装运港，按照该港习惯方式， 将货物交至买方指定的船只上。买方必须自货物在指定的装运港越过船舷之刻起承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。QuestionsY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N N Y N Y N N N N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y VA.1. c; 2. d; 3. a; 4. c; 5. c

31、; 6. c; 7. d; 8. b; 9. d; l0.c B. 1. a; 2. ab; 3. abcdf; 4. abc; 5. aefChapter 6 I1. Sales by Sellers/Buyers Sample 2. Reference/Duplicate Sample 3. Quality Tolerance 4. Counte r Sample5. More or Less Clauses 6. Neutral Packing 7, Customs Formality8. Inspection Certificate of Quality 9. FDA10. Marki

32、ng of Goods 凭卖方样品买卖凭买方样品买卖基准样品副样 品质公差 对等样品 溢短装条款 中性包装 报关手续 质量检验证书 食品及药物管理局 标记货物II 毛重 理论重量 净重 约定皮重 公量 单位重量 含水量 习惯皮重 法定重量 实际皮重 从价税 平均皮重货样不符gross weighttheoretical weight net weight computed tare conditioned weight unit weight water capacity custom ary tare legal weight actual taread valorem duty avera

33、ge tare goods not equal to the sample 副产品国家质量监督校验检疫总局by-products General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the Peo ples Republic of ChinaIII(B) mineral oreA. sample (C) ordinary garmentsB. manual (D) fishC.F.A.Q (E) Hair washing machinesD.G. NLQ(G) medical apparatus

34、E. famous brand (A) wheatF. specification(H) calligraphic worksG. inspection(F) power plant generatorH. drawing or diagram IVI. The quality and price of commodities should be taken into consideration in choosing thepacki ng material and package designing.2 A topper, matched with the superior-grade p

35、acking, speaks itself for its high quality andpreciousness.3. It will extremely increase the cost of the goods to pack the medium-low quality with thehigh quality material, and therefore, influence its sale.4. It will effect its marketing of the goods to doggedly strive for thrift in a wa5 to pack t

36、hesuperi or quality with the low quality material.5. We should take not only the quality and appearance of the goods into consideration, butalsothe customers taste and preference.6. We must improve the quality of the export goods so as to strengthen its competitiveness inthe international market.Cha

37、pter 7 I.油轮 定程租船滚装船定期租船载驳轮光船租船船期表租船合同滞期费班轮运价表速遣费 选卸附加费直航附加费Oil tankerVoyage Charter Ro/Ro vessel Time CharterLASH ( Light Aboard Ship ) Bare Boat Charter(BBC) sailing schedule charter contract demurrage chargeliner freight rate schedule dispatch money optional additional direct additional 转船附加费港口拥挤附

38、加费运输代理包裹拼箱货结汇整箱货空运单集装箱货运站装运通知处置权Partial shipment/transshipment Bill of lading Clean B/L Order B/L Combined transport B/L Blank B/L Straight B/L Through B/L Liner B/L Ante-dated B/L Advanced B/L Consignment note Blank endorsement IATACombined transport documents FCL/LCL transshipment surcharge Port C

39、ongestion Surcharge tra nsportation agent packageLCL( Less than container load) settlementFCL( Full container load ) Air waybill container yard shipping notice right of disposal 分批装船转运 提单 清洁提单 指示提单 联合运输提单 空白提单 记名提单 联运提单 班轮提单 倒签提单预借提单陆运或铁路运输通知空白背书国际航空运输协会多式联运单据整箱货拼箱货II 1. 2. 3. x delayadvance4. x acc

40、eptedunaccepted 5. 6X 把 “or without” 去 掉 III 1海运提单上列出了承运人和托运人之间的权利和义务。2班轮公司通常把航海时间表登载在报纸上或者分发给托运人。3. 在多式联运提单上，卸货港应该是提单许可的中转码头。4. 集装箱收费是多种多样的。例如附加费，总费率的确定是基本费率加上附加费率。5集装箱的好处在于：方便处理货物，减少盗窃，减少暴露，节约装船成本。IV1. Transport documents which appear on their face to indicate that shipment has been made on the sa

41、me means of conveyance and for the same journey, provided they indicate the same destination, will not be regarded as covering partial shipment, even if the transport documents indicate differen t dates of shipment and/or different ports of loading, places of taking in charge, or dispatch.2. Clean t

42、ransport document is one which hears no clause or notation which expressly declares a defective condition of the goods and/or the packaging.3. Neither the carder nor the shipper shall be responsible in any event for loss or damage to, or in c onnection with, goods if the nature or value thereof has

43、been knowingly misstated by the shipper i n the Bill of lading.4. Where the performance of the carriage or part thereof has been entrusted to an actual carrier, wh ether or not in pursuance of a liberty under the contract of carriage by sea to do so, the carrier neve rtheless remains responsible for

44、 the entire carriage. The carrier is responsible, in relation to the ca rriage performed by the actual carrier, for the acts and omissions of the actual carrier and of his ser vants and agents acting within the scope of their employment.Chapter 8 I投保人 共同海损 投保金额 外来风险 保险单 推定全损 海上风险 施救费用 救助费用 意外事故 承保人单

45、独海损保险费航空运输货物战争险陆运险陆运一切险估损费用航空运输一切险Ocean marine insurance War risksBasic risks coverage Insured amount T.P.N. D Taint of odor Overland transportation insurance Parcel post insurance insuredgeneral average insured amount extraneous risks insurance policy constructive average marine ris ks salvage char

46、gessue and labor expenses misfortune insurer particular average insurance premiumair transportation war risk land transportation risks land transportation all risks risk estimation cha rgesair transportation all risks charges 海运保险战争险基本险种投保金额偷盗、失窃、提货不着险串味险陆上运输保险邮寄包裹保险Free from particular average Addi

47、tional risks coverageFresh water and/or rain damage With particular average平安险附加险别淡水雨淋险水渍险II. 1. 2. 3. 4. X Special additional coverage such as war risks, strikes and so on must be taken outtogether with FPA, WPA. (and all risks)5. X In essence, open policy is (not) the same as the insurance certifi

48、cate. 6. 7. 8. X Three (two) types of risks are covered by ocean marine insurance, namely the perils of sea, the extraneous risks (删除 and the force majeure).9. X Ocean marine insurance covers two types of losses, partial lass and total loss perils of seaand extraneous risks III1. Exposed to many risks in the process of tran