大学英语四级写作强化.ppt

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1、CET-4 Writing用词是否恰当，准确，形象，关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词。lGoodadvisable/sensible/informative/useful/instructive;lGoodbeneficial,advantageous,helpful;excellent,outstanding;lBadundesirable/mindless/worthless;harmful,baneful,detrimentallLots of a host of,a vast number of(可数名词），a great deal of,a vast amount of(不可数名词）；

2、substantial;considerable;heaps of lImportantcrucial,vital,significant,key;indispensable/integral;ldesire 替换wantlpour attention into 替换pay attention tolbear in mind that 替换rememberl促进/提高/增强/改善 give a boost to/enhance/motivate/better/promote角色与功能lPlay an important(active,major,central,crucial,essentia

3、l,integral,prominent,vital)rolelPlay a big part-lTake a leading part-允允许与阻止与阻止lMakepossible电脑的使用促使人们在家上班:lThe use of computers and other high-tech office equipment has made it possible for more people to work from home.Enable,encourage,entitlel谈中国的老年人如何受到社会的尊重适用于个人/社会类话题lIn China,respect for senior

4、citizens is shown in the fact that they are entitled to many public services free of charge.Stop,keep,prevent,prohibitl太多的学业压力对学生的负面影响lToo much academic pressure deprives young students of the opportunity to take part in any extracurricular activities and prevent them from enjoying their school year

5、s.(hinder-obstructhedge)lIncreasing(ly),growing 替换more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.lSth.has gained growing popularity.lSth.is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.l非常地exceedingly/extremely/greatly/remarkably/significantly/utterly)l在当代lIn c

6、ontemporary society,in present-day society,in this day and age;lfor my part,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinionl破坏lDestroy;impair;undermine;jeopardize;devastate;l支持观点（be for/convince/insist/voice a support for/vote for)(win)l反对观点(argue against/combat/disagree with/disregard/oppose)lTransformcha

7、ngelPreserveprotect-保护某种资源，natural resources or old buildings.l解决解决:Solve,deal with,cope with,handle,resolve,address,tackle(economic crisis,deteriorated environment,shortages of water,unemployment,traffic jams.)_;l培养培养：Develop,cultivate,foster,culture(education cultivates the spirit of independence)

8、l认为：maintain,assert,hold,argue,be convinced,be firmly convinced,l消除：Eliminate,clear,remove,clear up,lAlleviateease;减轻,缓解(就业压力,新能源缓解资源紧张;经济增长方式转变缓解发展压力-A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem.)lWorsendeteriorate;aggravate(环境恶化)l人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed thatl适应

9、的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate(使适应)oneself to new environment/change;l接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems影响与冲影响与冲击lProfound/SignificantlDamaging Devastating Destructive DisastrouslInfluence Impact Effect affectl When asked about the function of media,many people agree to the firs

10、t view.此外，表示“多”的词还有：vast,quite a few,an army of,an ocean of,a sea of,a great number ofl Cheating in exam happens in our daily life.lDishonesty occurred more and more in our society.the overwhelming majority of has become a common occurrence lObviously,the picture shows that a culture of one nation m

11、ay become international,which is beneficial to all the human beings.show:indicate,reveal,suggest,provelAs the number shows,nearly 200 billion dollars are lost in tobacco every year.number:figure,statistics 用用词的生的生动性性lisl首先前者的问题在于be动词是静态的，没有活力的，there be 也是如此。make make sb.do sth-英语的词化程度较高，存在大量词语，一个单词的

12、存在使得很多词语不再被需要dismay 使震惊，convince 使信服.l避免避免be形式表达，尽可能选择表示强有力的行行为动词，写出生生动，简洁，有力，耐读和连贯的文章。lThere is a beautiful park near my house.The name of the park is Tian-Tan Park,which was built several hundred years ago.It is the biggest park in Beijing.The Tian-Tan park is famous not only for its beauty but it

13、s quietness as well.lNear my house stands Tian-Tan,the biggest park in Beijing,built several hundred years ago and famous now for not only its beauty but also its quietness.lEcological imbalances is the biggest threat to the survival of wild animals and plants.lEcological imbalances threaten the sur

14、vival of wild animals and plants,even human beings.lThe Internet makes me learn English more conveniently.lThe Internet facilitated my English studylHis criminal record made him unable to be admitted to the university.lHis criminal record disqualified him from being admitted to the university.避免一味用

15、There is 开头。There are more and more people who realize the relation between examination and teaching methods.The relation between the examination and teaching methods is increasingly recognized.避免一味用People,I,We 开头 We will always remember the smile on her face.The smile on her face will be firmly roo

16、ted in our minds.We certainly should offer good service.Good service is certainly required.It-句型的广泛使用lIt must be pointed out that.必须指出It must be admitted that.必须承认It is imagined that.人们认为It can not be denied that.不可否认It will be seen from this that.由此可知It should be realized that.必须认识到It is(always)str

17、essed that.人们(总是)强调It may be said without fear of exaggeration that.可以毫不夸张地说变换句式句式优化文章化文章Lecture 1 Lecture 1 长长句和短句句和短句句和短句句和短句变换变换Lecture 2 Lecture 2 主主主主动动句和被句和被句和被句和被动动句句句句变换变换Lecture 3 Lecture 3 非非非非谓语谓语从句从句从句从句变换变换Lecture 4 Lecture 4 比比比比较较句句句句变换变换Lecture 5 Lecture 5 松散到松散到松散到松散到紧紧凑凑凑凑变换变换变换句式句

18、式优化文章化文章短句变长句短句变长句受汉语思维习惯影响，很多考生往往会直接将脑子里的意思译成英语，而忽略句与句之间的联系，导致写出来的句子无法体现英语作为“形合语言”的特点。因此，在平时写作时，考生要注意前后句子之间是否存在联系，善于发现各个简单句之间的关联，用恰当的连接词将简单句连接起来，组成准确地道的复杂长句，增加文章的气势。【例1】【原文】Lies do harm to those who are being told lies.Lies also do harm to those who tell them.【优化】Lies not only do harm to those who

19、are being told lies,but also do harm to those who tell them.【例2】【例3】【原文】Usually,a fact is defined as a truth.The truth can be tested by observation or experimentation.【优化】Usually,a fact is defined as a truth,something that can be tested by observation or experimentation.【原文】Teenagers are pressured b

20、y school work.They are also encouraged by their peers.Under such circumstances,they resort to smoking.But sometimes they feel a little guilty.【优化】Pressured by school work and encouraged by their peers,teenagers often resort to smoking,though they feel a little guilty sometimes.【例4】【原文】When I turned

21、right on the corner,a motorbike knocked into a small car.The motorbike was red.There were two persons on the motorbike.The car was yellow.The motorbike fell down.The two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured.The driver came out of the car at once,and asked about the two persons injuries.As

22、soon as I saw that,I made a telephone call to 110.The traffic police arrived in a short time.【优化】When I turned right on the corner,a red motorbike with two persons knocked into a small yellow car.Immediately,the motorbike fell down,and the two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured.At that t

23、ime,the car driver came out of the car,and asked about the two persons injuries.Seeing this,I dialed the 110.In a short time,the traffic police arrived.2.长句句变短句短句长句固然能表达出复杂而缜密的思想，但如果片面追求复杂句子，反而会显得华而不实，成为表达的累赘。写作中句子的长短应根据表达的需要而定。短句不仅指句子长度较短，也指句子内部结构精炼，简洁是写作的一个重要原则，用词累赘则是写作的大忌。【例例例例1 1】【原文】His father,

24、who is a salesman,became a millionaire overnight.【优化】His father,a salesman,became a millionaire overnight.【例例例例2 2】【原文】Perhaps they basically distrusted our capacity to judge correctly.【优化】They distrusted our judgment.一、将下面的长句和短句进行优化改写，使其更符合表达要求。一、将下面的长句和短句进行优化改写，使其更符合表达要求。【原句】【优化】The captain,a tall

25、,thin man with a big mustache,was pacing the bridge with a look of importance.The grading system at our college should be abolished,because neither the students nor the instructors like it.1.The captain was a tall,thin man with a big mustache.He was pacing the bridge with a look of importance.2.The

26、grading system at our college should be abolished.The students dont like getting grades.The instructors dont enjoy giving grades.【原文原文】【优化优化】The seriousness of the problem on the reserves of raw materials shows that it is important to set up a plan to conserve and divide up fairly natural resources

27、on a worldwide scale.Those who dont like having roommates argue that several people living together causes some unpleasantness because every person has his or her own way.5.Natural resources are very limited.They will be exhausted in the near future.It is not true.But it becomes a major concern arou

28、nd the world.This is a widely accepted fact.4.Some students dont like having roommates.They think every person has his or her own way.And several people living together causes some unpleasantness.3.The problem of the reserve of raw materials is becoming more serious.It shows it is important to begin

29、 a plan.We should conserve and divide up the natural resources on a worldwide scale.It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future,though it is unlikely to be true.二、请按照所给提示对下面的作文进行句式优化二、请按照所给提示对下面的作文进行句式

30、优化【原文原文】【优化优化】With the deepening of reform and opening up of our country,studying overseas is becoming an increasingly popular option.People who choose to further their studies abroad insist that if they go to study overseas they can get many benefits in different ways.First,when they live in a fore

31、ign country,they can improve their foreign language skills.Second,if they complete part or all of their education overseas,they can gain a broader or different perspective on their field of study.Third,they can experience a different culture first-hand.【提示】将中的宾语从句改为简单句，将其中的条件状语从句改为主语。将中的时间状语从句改为现在分词

32、短语。将中的条件状语从句改为主语，该句变为简单句。【优化】With the deepening of reform and opening up of our country,studying overseas is becoming an increasingly popular option.People who choose to further their studies abroad insist that overseas study can benefit them in different ways.First,living in a foreign country,they

33、can improve their foreign languages skills.Second,completing part or all of their education overseas helps them gain a broader or different perspective on their field of study.Third,they can experience a different culture first-hand.However,there are still many people who favor studying at home.They

34、 argue that,studying abroad is too expensive and therefore does not pay off and have no language and cultural barriers.【提示】将改成两句，分别陈述两个理由。As for me,I believe both opinions are acceptable in some sense.If students who wish to have overseas academic experience have got the chances and financial resour

35、ces,they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their vision,while if conditions dont permit them to go abroad,they can pursue their studies at top universities in our country.The place where they study is not very important for them,and instead,it is what they can learn that is the m

36、ost important.【提示】将改成两句，分别陈述两种不同的情况。通过notbut将简化成一个简单句。【优化】However,there are still many people who favor studying at home.They argue that,studying abroad is too expensive and therefore does not pay off.Whats more,there are no language and cultural barriers when studying in our country.【优化】As for me,I

37、 believe both opinions are acceptable in some sense.If students who wish to have overseas academic experience have got the chances and financial resources,they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their vision.On the other hand,if conditions dont permit,they can pursue their studies

38、 at top universities in our country.What counts is not the place where they study,but what they can learn.主主主主动动句和被句和被句和被句和被动动句句句句变换变换 与汉语相比，英语更注重动作本身，而不是动作的执行者，因此在英语中被动语态的使用相对多一些，但这并不表明要一味地追求被动语态的使用。1.主主动变被被动1）不需要体现动作的执行者【原文原文原文原文】We should pay more attention to the elderly who had devoted their yo

39、uth and energy to our country.【优优化化化化】More attention should be paid to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country.2）需要）需要强调动作的承受者作的承受者【原文原文原文原文】The employees elected Mr.Li chairman of the committee last week.【优优化化化化】Mr.Li was elected chairman of the committee by the employees

40、last week.3）保持）保持陈述述对象的一致，以求行文通象的一致，以求行文通顺【原文原文原文原文】When the Prime Minister arrived at the airport,hundreds of reporters surrounded him immediately.【优优化化化化】When the Prime Minister arrived at the airport,he was immediately surrounded by hundreds of reporters.2.被被动变主主动1）需要体）需要体现动作的作的执行者行者【原文】If you ar

41、e friendly to others,you will be held hospitable attitude towards by them and vice versa.【优化】If you are friendly to others,they will hold hospitable attitude towards you and vice versa.2）保持）保持陈述述对象的一致，以求行文通象的一致，以求行文通顺【原文】One very important quality developed by many individuals during a first job is

42、self-reliance.This quality was cultivated by me when I was allowed by my supervisor to set up and conduct my own survey project.【优化】During their first job,many individuals develop their very important quality of self-reliance.I cultivated this quality when my supervisor allowed me to set up and cond

43、uct my own survey project.专项训练一、要求一、要求：请将下面句子中语态使用不当的地方进行优化改写，使其更符合表达需要。【原文】【优化】1.We know that smoking is harmful to peoples health.2.We should advise people to protect their own interests and not to be led astray by false advertisements 3.Nowadays,public places and advertisements of any kind forbid

44、 smoking.2.People should be advised to protect their own interests and not to be led astray by false advertisements.3.Nowadays,smoking is forbidden in public places and advertisements of any kind.1.It is almost known that smoking is harmful to peoples health.4.Computers may help scientists in analyz

45、ing data and doing complex calculation,while engineers make use of some computers in designing a plane,or a spaceship.5.Those in favor of university marriage argue that we should give college students the right to get married since they are adults.4.Computers may help scientist in analyzing data and

46、 doing complex calculation,while some computers are made use of by engineers in designing a plane,or a spaceship.5.Those in favor of university marriage argue that college students should be given the right to get married since they are adults.非非非非谓语谓语和从句和从句和从句和从句变换变换非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。【例例例例1

47、1】【原文】When I look into the future,I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be President of the Student Union.【优化】Looking into the future,I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be President of the Student Union.【例例例例2 2】【原文】In 1836,there a

48、rose the working-class movement which is known as Chartism,which was the first proletarian revolutionary movement.【优化】in 1836,there arose the working-class movement known as Chartism,which was the first proletarian revolutionary movement.专项训练一、要求要求：请将下列句子中划线的从句部分改为非谓语动词形式。【原文】【优化】1.The law can punis

49、h those who produce or sell fake commodities.2.After he completed college in 1980,Tony became an English teacher in a normal college.3.It must be realized that people should be cautious when they decide which books they should choose to read since if they read bad books,it will be time-wasting and h

50、armful.4.Because one of my parents is laid off,my family cant possibly afford all my expenses at college.2.After completing college in 1980,Tony became an English teacher in a normal college.1.The law can punish those producing or selling fake commodities.3.It must be realized that people should be