大学英语四级写作高分技巧.ppt
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1、写写 作作 高高 分分 技技 巧巧内容提要 1.四级写作题型简介 2.写作高分技巧 高分作文标志 词汇和语法高分技巧 结构高分技巧 3.考场意外应急策略 4.母语干涉对中国大学生写作的影响1.大学英语四级考试写作部分题型简介大学英语四级考试写作部分题型简介大学英语四级考试历经了2005年末、2006年初的大规模改革,但写作整体上说没有大的变动,或者说沿用了传统的出题模式,稳中求进。在题型设置上,仍然沿用了解释现象型、利弊分析型、解决问题型、校园应用文四种体裁,考查学生对这四种体裁的掌握。在阅卷方式上,仍然采用的是“一次性印象分+离散标准分”阅卷法,一次性印象分是指阅卷教师根据卷面整洁度、字体美
2、观度在允许的范围内综合给出某些印象分,作为总分的一部分;离散标准分是根据作文单词、语法、结构、论点、论据等5个离散标准分别给分,以保证公正、公平、细致、合理。l改革后,写作部分占总分数的改革后,写作部分占总分数的15%(105分),要求分),要求字数在字数在120-180间,太多或太少均扣分。间,太多或太少均扣分。l在在单词(词汇)单词(词汇)上,要求学生尽可能的上,要求学生尽可能的使用大学词使用大学词汇和短语汇和短语来表达思想,遣词造句;来表达思想,遣词造句;l在在语法语法上,要求学生熟练运用上,要求学生熟练运用虚拟语气、倒装句式、虚拟语气、倒装句式、定语从句、分词作状语定语从句、分词作状语
3、等中等难度以上的语法来表等中等难度以上的语法来表达思想;达思想;l在在结构结构上,要求上,要求段落分布合理段落分布合理,能有力的辅助考生,能有力的辅助考生表达思想;表达思想;l在在论点论点上,要求考生观点分明,上,要求考生观点分明,不能模棱两可不能模棱两可或含或含含蓄蓄;含蓄蓄;l在在论据论据的使用上,要求的使用上,要求有理、有据、有节有理、有据、有节。2.写作高分技巧2.1 高分作文标志高分作文标志 l1 1:是否长短句交叉;:是否长短句交叉;l2 2、是否会使用插入语;、是否会使用插入语;l3 3、用词是否多样,准确,形象,尽量使用能够、用词是否多样,准确,形象,尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼
4、球的闪光词;吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词;l4 4、关键词是否换用,切勿老用重复词;、关键词是否换用,切勿老用重复词;l5 5、句型使用是否准确、地道。、句型使用是否准确、地道。l下面给出写好一篇作文的注意事项:l1.适当用被动替换主动适当用被动替换主动,这样能更客观的反映事实,句子开头不要总是用we/I(比如写结尾时不用weshouldpayattentionto而用Attentionshouldbepaidto.)举个经典结尾2004年六月六级作文的最后一段:lItis,therefore,hightimethatsomeapplicableapproacheswereimplementedb
5、ytheserviceindustrylikethat.Bydoingso,itscompetitiveedgewillbesharpenedeffectively.l2.善于善于使用插入语使用插入语,比如说把副词、连接词等,比如说把副词、连接词等,作插入语放在中间,一般放在主语、动词或者作插入语放在中间,一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后,两边分别加上逗号。助动词后,两边分别加上逗号。l如如however/therefore/for example/I believe 做做插入语放在中间,一般放在动词,助动词后,插入语放在中间,一般放在动词,助动词后,两边分别加上逗号。两边分别加上逗号。l比如说
6、:比如说:Other individuals,however,take the attitude that l3.一定要一定要学会换词学会换词,换形象,具体的替换太宽泛,换形象,具体的替换太宽泛的。的。(考试中考试中一般不要出现一般不要出现good,bad,many,thing,think,people,opinion 等等等等)比如上面例子比如上面例子中,中,applicable替换替换proper,approaches替换替换ways,implement替换替换carry out,sharpen ones competitive edge替换替换enhance ones competiti
7、veness(提高某物竞争力提高某物竞争力)Computer and I By Simmy Ineverforgettheexceedinglythrillingdaywhenmymotherboughtmeacomputerasbirthdaypresent,whichexertedatremendousfascinationonmesothatIindulgedmyselfingooglinganarmyofusefulinformationIhadexpected,andenjoyaseaofmelodiousclassicmusic.ThatnightIwassleepless,fee
8、lingthatthewholeworldbelongedtome.lexceedingly替换verylthrilling替换excitinglsth.exertatremendousfascinationonsb替换sb.beinterestedinsth.lgoogle替换searchforlanarmyof替换alotofSample 2 The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of computers.Coincident with the advancement of science and t
9、echnology,computers pouring into the current society as a fashion are appealing to growing individuals.It is no exaggeration to say we have been submerged by them,in a large number!lThedawnofthenewcenturywitnessed是一个精彩句型,用来描述在某个时期发生了什么事情;lIncreasingpopularity替换moreandmorepopularlCoincidentwith非常地道的句
10、型,表达“与一致”的意思,替换WithlAdvancement替换developmentlPourinto(floodinto/swarminto)替换enterintolcurrently替换nowlAppealtosb.替换sb.beinterestedinsth.lGrowingindividuals替换moreandmorepeoplelItisnoexaggerationtosay经典句型说某事是毫不夸张的l1.individuals,characters,folks替换(people,persons)l2:positive,favorable,promisingl(有希望的),pe
11、rfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding,superior替换goodl3:dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse,ill(有害的)替换bad;如果bad做表语,可以有belessimpressive替换le.g.Anarmyofcollegestudentsindulgethemselvesinplayinggames,enjoyingromancewithgirls/boysorkillingtimepassivelyintheirdorms.Whenitapproachestograduation,asaresult,th
12、eyfindtheiracademicrecordsarelessimpressive.以下是30个最经典的替换词l4.(anarmyof;anoceanof;aseaof;amultitudeof;ahostof;manyifnotmost)替换many.lE.g.:Inthisatmosphere,manyifnotmostGermanscametobelievethatWorldWarIwasasortofnaturalcatastrophe,withnohumanauthors.l在这种气氛下,不仅是大部分德国人,很多人都认为一战是某种没有人为因素的自然灾害。l5:asliceof,q
13、uietafew,several替换somel6:harbortheideathat,holdtheviewthat,itiswidelysharedthat,itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat,deem,assume,consider,reckon,)替think 7:affair,business,matter替换thingl8:shared,mutual,代commonl9.reaphugefruits,yieldgoodresult替换getmanybenefits)l10:formypart,frommyownperspective,personally,
14、asfarasImconcerned替换inmyopinionl11:Increasing(ly),growing,more替换moreandmore(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词,副increasingly.lEg.sthhasgainedgrowingpopularity.Sthisincreasinglypopularwiththeadvancementofsth.thereisangrowingnumberofpeoplel20.beindicativeof,besuggestiveof,befearfulof,
15、indicate代,suggest,fearlE.g.:Fevermaybeindicativeofaninfection.发烧可能表明受了感染。l21.giveriseto,leadto,resultin,trigger替换cause.l22.Thereareseveralreasonsbehindsth替换.reasonsforsth.l23.desire,yearnfor,longfor,diefor,crave替换want.l24.bear/keepinmindthat替换rememberl25.enjoy,possess,own,hold,替换have(注意process是过程的意思
16、)l26.interact,替换communicatel27.frownonsth.,beagainst,替换,disagreewithsthl30.nextto/virtuallyimpossible,nearly/almostimpossible,替换impossible2.2 2.2 词汇和语法词汇和语法高分技巧高分技巧大学英语四级考试的考试对象是在校大学生,不是高中生和初中生。所以离散标准分的第一方面就是词汇的使用,即大学生是否用到了大学学到的词汇,而不是重复运用初高中学到的词汇和短语来表达思想。熟记一些与大学外语四级考试写作息息相关的词汇和短语,是非常必要的。同时,用一些虚拟语气、倒
17、装句式、定语从句、分词作状语等中等难度以上的语法表达也会使文章锦上添花。2.2.1 2.2.1 解释现象型解释现象型/现象分析的作文需要用到的大学词现象分析的作文需要用到的大学词汇和语法汇和语法 这种体裁一般让考生陈述一个事情或一个现象,并解释其原因,还要说明自己的看法。就以2010年6月四级原题为例,“英语学习中不重视拼写”现象分析,(1)如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写;(2)分析这种情况的原因;(3)为了改变这种状况,我认为 在完成第一部分时,要着重描述现象的普遍性,即不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写,以下是一些英语翻译。Many students do not pay attentio
18、n to the spelling is very popular in English studying.()That many students do not pay attention to the spelling is very popular in English studying.()It is very popular that many students neglect the importance of spelling in English studying.()The phenomenon that many students neglect the importanc
19、e of spelling in English studying is of great popularity in modern times.()在分析这种情况的危害时,可以用到在分析这种情况的危害时,可以用到negative effect,not available 等大学词汇和典型的等大学词汇和典型的虚拟语气虚拟语气来来辅助你表达思想。辅助你表达思想。The neglect of correct spelling,more often than not(=usually/commonly),has a negative effect on the English study in mo
20、dern times.()If the problem could not get the correct solution,a smooth English studying would not be available for the English learners.()第二部分要论述导致第二部分要论述导致“学生不重视拼写学生不重视拼写”这种这种现象的现象的原因原因。表示原因的大学词汇和语法有以下几种:表示原因的大学词汇和语法有以下几种:There are several reasons for the phenomenon.()The causes(=reasons),giving r
21、ise to the above phenomenon,are as the following.()The causes,however,are various.()The factors(=reasons),causing a great loss in English studying,lies in the following.()The factors,causing a great loss in English studying,consist in the following.()插入语插入语是使考生语法地道、富有原汁原味的技巧是使考生语法地道、富有原汁原味的技巧之一。把定语从
22、句、时间状语、地点状语变成插入语之一。把定语从句、时间状语、地点状语变成插入语成分放在主语和谓语之间,是一个高分的小窍门。成分放在主语和谓语之间,是一个高分的小窍门。The association which has saved a lot of patients of lung cancer,is awarded the“Government Prize”in 1994.The association,having saved a lot of patients of lung cancer,is awarded the“Government Prize”in 1994.The privat
23、e colleges is popular in modern times,has got the approval from both the students and their parents.The private colleges,popular in modern times,has got the approval from both the students and their parents.The factors,causing a great loss in English studying,result from the following.()There have b
24、een found a variety of factors,as illustrated by many scholars,giving rise to the above phenomenon.()There have been found various factors,as are illustrated by many scholars,giving rise to the above phenomenon.()第三部分,涉及到自己的观点。关键性的表达有以下第三部分,涉及到自己的观点。关键性的表达有以下几处:几处:表示自己的想法表示自己的想法:As far as I know()As
25、 far as I am concerned ()Provided with the opportunities to illustrate my opinion,I think(believe)()As to me,I hold such points of view as the following ()In order to shift the situation,the measures,as far as I know,are as the following表示自己提出的某种建议很重要表示自己提出的某种建议很重要:It is of great(fatal)importance to
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