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1、第二章第二章 习题解答习题解答1.解:n(乙醇)=100g/46gmol=2.174molc(乙醇)2.174mol/0.5806L=3.744molL-1 b(乙醇)=2.174mol/0.500kg=4.35molkgx(乙醇)=2.174/(2.174+500/18)=0.073=0.600kg/0.5806L=1.033kgL(乙醇)=100/600=0.1672.解:k=44.38kPa,(HCl)=0.01n(HCl)=1kg0.01/0.0365kgmol-1=0.274moln(氯乙苯)=1kg0.99/0.1404kgmol-1=7.05molx(HCl)=0.274/(0.
2、274+7.05)=0.0374p(HCl)=kx(HCl)=44.380.0374=1.66kPap=kx3.解:k=8.68103MPa,p1=0.667MPa,p2=0.100MPap=kx x=p/kx=(p1 p2)/k =(0.667-0.100)/8.68103=6.5310-5n(H2O)=1/0.018=55.56moln(N2)=n(H2O)x=3.6310-3 mol101.3kPa、0时N2的体积:V(N2)=3.6310-3 8.315273.15/(101.3103)=8.1410-5m3 =81.4cm3或w(N2)=n(H2O)28=0.1g4.解:x(丙酮)=
3、1.293/(1.293+10/125)=0.942n(丙酮)=75/58=1.293molp=px=30.60.942=28.83kPa5.解:NHNH3 3溶于溶于CHCH3 3ClCl时时:x(NH3)=0.10/(0.10+1/0.0505)=5.0210-3k1=4.44/5.0210-3=8.84102kPaNHNH3 3溶于溶于H H2 2O O时时:x(NH3)=0.05/(0.05+1/0.018)=8.9910-4k2=0.0887/8.9910-4=98.6kPaNHNH3 3在在H H2 2O O和和CHCH3 3ClCl中的分配常数中的分配常数:K=k1/k2=8.8
4、4102kPa/98.6kPa=8.96或 K=k2/k1=98.6kPa/8.84102kPa=0.117.解:Hm=285.174=2.11104 Jmol-1,p1=100kPa,T1=307.8K(1)(1)p p2 2=98.7kPa=98.7kPa ln(p2/p1)=(-Hm/R)(1/T T2 2-1/T1)1/T2=(-R/Hm)ln(p2/p1)+1/T1 =-8.315/21.11104 ln(98.7/100)+1/307.8 =3.24910-3 T2=307.8K=34.622T T2 2=309.7K=309.7K ln(p p2 2/p1)=(-Hm/R)(1/
5、T2-1/T1)lnp2=-Hm/R(1/T2-1/T1)+lnp1 =-2.11104/8.315(1/309.7-1/307.8)+ln100 =4.6557p2=105.2kPa8.解:由气液平衡数据作lnp1/T图,得斜率为-4954.4,气化热为:H=4954.48.315J/mol=41195J/mol由固气平衡数据作lnp1/T图,得斜率为-6192.1,气化热为:H=6192.18.315J/mol=51487J/mol9.解:p0(甲醇)7.82kPa,p0(乙醇)=5.94kPa,y(乙醇)0.300由气相方程得:1/p=y(乙醇)/p0(乙醇)+(1-y(乙醇)/p0(甲
6、醇)=0.300/5.94+0.700/7.82 =0.140p=7.14kPap(乙醇)=py(乙醇)=7.14kPa0.300=2.142kPap(甲醇)=py(甲醇)=7.14kPa0.700=4.998kPax(甲醇)=py(乙醇)/p0(乙醇)=7.140.700/7.82=0.6410.解:p0(苯)134.7kPa,p0(甲苯)54.0kPa (1)A点处开始汽化,此时x(甲苯)=x(苯)=0.5,由拉乌尔定律计算总压=95KPa时开始汽化,yA=pA*xA/p=0.718 (2)B点处气化完毕,此时y(甲苯)=y(苯)=0.5,由气相线方程计算总压=73kPa,x(甲苯)=0.
7、282 (3)在90kPa时,汽液相数量相等,x(甲苯)=0.39,y(甲苯)=0.6111.解:t/80.6 85.0 90.0 100.0 105.0 110.0 110.7 x 1.0 0.78 0.586 0.258 0.129 0.0164 0 y 1.0 0.90 0.78 0.456 0.26 0.038 0 (1)在92.8开始汽化,y(苯)=0.685,98.6汽化完毕,x(苯)=0.305 (2)n(汽)5.41mol,n(液)4.59mol 气相中,n(苯)=3.17mol,n(甲苯)=2.24mol 液相中,n(苯)=1.80mol,n(甲苯)=2.79mol (3)加热到100,n(汽/n(液=2.60/1.42 n(汽=2.97mol n液=1.62mol12.解:m(乙醇)/m(水苯)10.2:11.85 m(水苯)=1.16kg w(H2O)=0.480,w(乙醇)=0.463,w(苯)=0.057
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