江苏省南京市东山外国语国际学校高中英语 模块7 Unit9 Agreement & Synecdoche课件 牛津.ppt

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1、Unit 9andAgreement Synecdoche初级英语与语法与修辞初级英语与语法与修辞English Grammar and Rhetoric2021/8/8 星期日1ContentsBack to schoolLead-inHomeworkLooking AheadApproaching the TopicDiscovering GrammarApplying GrammarFurther DevelopmentSynecdoche2021/8/8 星期日2Back to schoolLead-inBrazil has won the World Cup again!How is

2、 the subject-verb agreement achieved and what does the speaker mean by the term Brazil in the sentence?2021/8/8 星期日3Looking AheadKnow the three principles governing subject-verb agreement.Learn to keep agreement in number between the subject and the predicate verb.Learn to use synecdoche to substitu

3、te a part for a whole and vice versa.2021/8/8 星期日41.Please fill in the blanks with proper forms of to be to complete the sentenceBack to schoolApproaching the Topicis isis isareareareareMy home is not far from the school.Ten minutes _ enough.Smoking _bad to our health.The police _ wanting the robber

4、.There _ a pair of glasses,two pens and some books on the desk.2021/8/8 星期日5Read the passage on page 77 and pay attention to the subject-verb agreement in number.Back to schoolThe verbs in the passage are:keepsis isreceivesare meansaremeansarewerepassedwasspeaksintroducebringisisremain2021/8/8 星期日6B

5、ack to schoolthree principles governing subject-verb agreement.grammatical agreementThe verb must match its subject in number.meaning agreementThe verb must agree with the subject in meaning not in form.Principle of proximityThe verb must agree with the nearest noun or noun phrase in the subject.Dis

6、covering Grammar2021/8/8 星期日7语法一致原则语法一致原则主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。E.g.Books are by far the most lasting products of human efforts.Book is by far the most lasting products of human efforts.2021/8/8 星期日8意义一致原则意义一致原则主语和谓语的一致不是由主语的语法形式来 决定，而是由主语所表达的意义来决定。E.g.What was then said and thought still s

7、peaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed pages.The class are preparing for the presentation.2021/8/8 星期日9就近一致原则就近一致原则谓语动词的单复数取决于离它最近的主语。由eitheror,neithernor,not only but also，whetheror,there be 句型和倒装句等连接引导的句子，谓语动词遵循这一原则。E.g.Not only friends but also a good book keeps us company in our life.Th

8、ere is a teacher and fifty students in the classroom.2021/8/8 星期日10主谓一致的具体原则主谓一致的具体原则1、当-ing分词、不定式和名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（所以三组句子中的所以三组句子中的A A都是都是对的，对的，B B都是错的）都是错的）2021/8/8 星期日112、当主语部分是用and或bothand连接而且指代的 是两个或两个以上人或物时，谓语用复数；但当and或bothand连接的主语指代的是一个人或物时，就用单数谓语动词。e.g.Bread and butter is popular with the

9、young.My teacher and mother is very kind.Jack and toms father is an engineer.A worker and writer is also going to be invited.2021/8/8 星期日12注：1.当主语后面带有with,as well as,together,together with,along with,besides,except,but,including,rather than等介词短语时，谓语应该和这些介词前的主语保持一致，不考虑介词后的内容和意思。2.and 连接的两个主语都受到each,e

10、very,no 的修饰时,谓语用单数形式。e.g.Every girl and every boy is beautifully dressed.2021/8/8 星期日133.当主语是分数（包括百分数）加of,most of,the rest of,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a quantity of a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of等短语时，谓语动词的数应该与of后面的名词短语保持一致，即：如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语用单数；如果名词是复数名词，谓语就用复数。E.g.One fifth of the stu

11、dents are from the countryside.2021/8/8 星期日14Answers：1.is2.seems3.is4.are5.was4.表示时间、距离、长度、重量、金额、价格 等的复数名词当被看做一个整体时，用单数谓语动词。但如果强调复数意义时，用复数谓语动词。2021/8/8 星期日15 当主语是either(of),neither (of),each(of),neither(of),somebody,anything,everyone,everything,something,someone,no one,nothing,no body时，谓语动词用单数形式。当主语

12、是 both(of),some(of),many(of),few(of),all(of)等构成的短语动词并表示附属概念时，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数形式。E.g.Some students are fond of football while most prefer basketball.Some of the apple has gone bad.5 主语是不定代词的情况主语是不定代词的情况2021/8/8 星期日16 主语是who时，根据它的表达的意义来决定谓语的单复数。E.g.Who is it?Who are the people standing outside?主语是many

13、a(more than one)+可数名词单数时，虽然是复数概念，但谓语动词仍是单数形式。但如果主语and连接两个受many a(more than one)修饰的名词时，谓语用复数。E.g.Many a student has finished exercises.Many a father and many a mother only care for their childrens study.5 主语时不定代词的情况：主语时不定代词的情况：2021/8/8 星期日17Back to schoolApplying Grammar1.Match the words from the fol

14、lowing three parts to make complete sentences.20 divided by 5 is four.Tom,as well as jack,is fishing.The audience are mostly moved to tears by the words.What we need badly here is doctors.The cattle are eating grass in the field.Physics is an interesting subject.Swimming is a good way to keep health

15、y.The class are expecting a picnic.Bread and butter is delicious food.2.Choose the correct answers to complete the sentences.A A C C B B C C C D3.Tick the correct English translation for each Chinese sentence.B B A B1.Answers:2021/8/8 星期日182.Exercise1.Where_ _that five dollars I lent you?A.is B.are

16、C.has D.have 2.The number of the students in that school_ greatly increased in recent years.A.has B.have C.is D.are 3.A number of students in our class_ seen the film.A.has B.have C.is D.was4.This kind of apples_ very good.A.tastes B.Taste5.No news _ good news.A.is B.are C.was D.wereACBAA2021/8/8 星期

17、日196.Ten weeks_ passed since the new term began.A.has B.have C.is D.are7.One hundred kilometers _ a large distance.A.is B.are C.has D.have8.Many a student_ popular music.A.enjoy B.enjoys 9.Every man and woman_ invited to the party.A.were B.was10.Neither she nor I_ wrong.A.am B.is C.AreAABBA 11.The p

18、olice_ been sent to search the murderer A.has B.have 12.Nobody but Wu Dong and Tom_ in the room.A.was B.were 13.He as well as I_ active in singing.A.am B.is C.are 14.Tom with his parents_ watching TV.A.is B.are C.am 15.Bread and butter _ what Americans usually have for breakfast.A.are B.is C.was D.w

19、ereBAAAB2021/8/8 星期日20Further DevelopmentCorrect the sentences(on page 77)2 My family like music 3 The singer and dancer is coming.5 Each boy and each girl is invited.7 No boy and no girl is invited.1/4/6/8正确2021/8/8 星期日21SynecdocheSynecdoche提提喻2021/8/8 星期日22Synecdoche(提喻)以部分代替整体或以整体代替部分；以类以部分代替整体或以

20、整体代替部分；以类属代替其中一种或一种代替所在的类属；属代替其中一种或一种代替所在的类属；以原料代替用该原料制成的东西；以个体以原料代替用该原料制成的东西；以个体代替一类。该词格中的两事物只是相关，代替一类。该词格中的两事物只是相关，并没有相似之处。并没有相似之处。2021/8/8 星期日23Study itA part for the whole(以整体代替部分)e.g.I will count three hundredthats five minutesand not one of you is to move a muscle.我数300下也就是五分钟你们谁都不许动一动。（这里musc

21、le代替的是整个身体。）2021/8/8 星期日24Study itA part for the whole(以整体代替部分)e.g.They were short of hands at harvest time 他们在收获时节缺少人手。（手是人体的一部分，因此人们常用它来代替各种各样的人。这里以hand代替workerworker）2021/8/8 星期日25Study itA whole for the part(以部分代替整体)e.g.Greece has won the Euro Cup in 2004.以Greece代替希腊足球队（Greek Football Team）The w

22、orld is still ignorant of the fact.The world指代世人（the people in the world）2021/8/8 星期日26Study itOne thing for a genre（以一种事物代替一类事物）He managed to earn his bread.他设法谋生。（以bread代替food）2021/8/8 星期日27Study itA genre for one thing （以一类事物代替一种事物）The smiling season has come.春天已经到了。(以smiling season代替春天)What a lo

23、vely creature she is!多么漂亮的女人！（creature是一大类，女人只是其中的一种）2021/8/8 星期日28Study itName of the material for the thing made (以原料代替制成品)E.g.Have a glass of water.有一杯水。（以glass代替a glass cup）He was dressed in silks and satins.他穿着绫罗绸缎。（Silks and satins 代替clothes made of silks and satins）2021/8/8 星期日29Study itThe i

24、ndividual for a kind of person（以个体代表一类）This young man is very clever.He may ve another Edison.像爱迪生一样聪明的发明家(用 Edison代替an inventor as clever as Edison)2021/8/8 星期日30Practices it1 1、葡萄酒（以原材料代替其制品）、葡萄酒（以原材料代替其制品）2 2、棉质的衣服（以原料代替其制品）、棉质的衣服（以原料代替其制品）3 3、三个小孩（以部分代替整体）、三个小孩（以部分代替整体）4 4、工人（以部分代替整体）、工人（以部分代替整体

25、）5 5、一个人在偷听、一个人在偷听 （以部分代替整体）（以部分代替整体）6 6、自行车、自行车 （以部分代替整体）（以部分代替整体）7 7、帆船、帆船 （第一幅，以部分代替整体）（第一幅，以部分代替整体）8 8、铜币（第二幅，以原材料代替其制品，、铜币（第二幅，以原材料代替其制品，指零钱指零钱）2021/8/8 星期日31Practices it1、The prisoner was bound in irons for ten years.那个囚徒戴着手铐脚镣被关那个囚徒戴着手铐脚镣被关了了1010年。年。(这里这里ironiron代替由铁制成的代替由铁制成的“手铐和脚镣手铐和脚镣”)202

26、1/8/8 星期日32Practices it2 He paid the workers$5 per head.他付给每个工人五块钱。他付给每个工人五块钱。(以以headhead代替代替person)person)2021/8/8 星期日33Practices it3 He earned his daily bread with honest labour.她通过诚实的劳动来谋生。她通过诚实的劳动来谋生。以以breadbread代替代替foodfood2021/8/8 星期日34Practices it4 I saw some new faces in the classroom.我在教室里看

27、到一些谋生我在教室里看到一些谋生人人(新面孔）。新面孔）。以以faceface代替代替personperson2021/8/8 星期日35Practices it5 He deserted to save his skin.他为保命，逃之夭夭。他为保命，逃之夭夭。以以skinskin代替代替personperson2021/8/8 星期日36Practices it6 I have his ear,I could.他当然要听我的。他当然要听我的。以以earear代替代替personperson2021/8/8 星期日37Practices it7 Great minds think alike

28、.英雄所见略同。英雄所见略同。以以mindsminds代替代替personspersons2021/8/8 星期日38Practices it8 He walked the boards for a living.他为谋生当演员。他为谋生当演员。以以broadbroad（木板）代替（木板）代替stagestage（舞（舞台）台）2021/8/8 星期日39Homework1.Write a passage about your daily life,pay attention to the agreement we have learned in this unit.2.Find more c

29、ases of Synecdoche.3.Preview the new terms to be used in Unit 10.2021/8/8 星期日402021/8/8 星期日419、静夜四无邻，荒居旧业贫。2022/12/262022/12/26Monday,December 26,202210、雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/2022 12:49:31 AM11、以我独沈久，愧君相见频。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/26Dec-2226-Dec-2212、故人江海别，几度隔山川。2022/12/

30、262022/12/262022/12/26Monday,December 26,202213、乍见翻疑梦，相悲各问年。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/202214、他乡生白发，旧国见青山。26 十二月 20222022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2615、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。十二月 222022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/202216、行动出成果，工作出财富。2022/12/262022/12/2626 December 202217、做前，能够环视四周；做时，你只

31、能或者最好沿着以脚为起点的射线向前。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/262022/12/269、没有失败，只有暂时停止成功！。2022/12/262022/12/26Monday,December 26,202210、很多事情努力了未必有结果，但是不努力却什么改变也没有。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/2022 12:49:31 AM11、成功就是日复一日那一点点小小努力的积累。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/26Dec-2226-Dec-2212、世间成事，不求其绝对圆满，留一份不足，可得无限完美。202

32、2/12/262022/12/262022/12/26Monday,December 26,202213、不知香积寺，数里入云峰。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/202214、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。26 十二月 20222022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2615、楚塞三湘接，荆门九派通。十二月 222022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/202216、少年十五二十时，步行夺得胡马骑。2022/12/262022/12/2626 December 20221

33、7、空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/262022/12/269、杨柳散和风，青山澹吾虑。2022/12/262022/12/26Monday,December 26,202210、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/2022 12:49:31 AM11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/26Dec-2226-Dec-2212、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/26M

34、onday,December 26,202213、知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/202214、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。26 十二月 20222022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2615、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。十二月 222022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/202216、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。2022/12/262022/12/2626 December 202217、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自强不息。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/262022/12/26MOMODA POWERPOINTLorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit.Fusce id urna blandit,eleifend nulla ac,fringilla purus.Nulla iaculis tempor felis ut cursus.感感 谢谢 您您 的的 下下 载载 观观 看看专家告诉2021/8/8 星期日42