2020届高三英语上学期（9-12）月考试题分类汇编： 阅读理解之科普知识类人教版.doc

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1、科普知识类【09 年 09-12 月】Passage 1（安徽省桐城六中 2020;2020 届高三第二次模拟月考）All plant cells are capable of taking up water.Even dead ones do to acertain degree.Absorption（吸收）of water by dead cell walls makes wood becomelarger.In common land plants,the living cells of roots take up most of thewater.Land plants without

2、 roots do exist,however.Those greenish-yellowlichens（苔藓）you see on rocks in the high mountains have no roots.Halfa billion years ago,when water plants started to enter the land,the firstland plants did not have roots.Even among the flowering plants,one finds rootless forms.Theseflowering plants are“

3、the higher plants”because they evolved（进化）recently and are thus considered higher on the evolutionary scale（进化度）.In the Peruvian desert,there grows one of these rootless higher plants,abromeliad.It is a relative of the pineapple.Even if this plant had roots,they would be of no use,because where the

4、plant grows,it never rains.Theplant gets its water only from the dew（露水）it collects at night,when itsleaves cool off.Such rootless plants,of course,can be moved with ease,but they will only grow when they are placed out in the open.If they areplaced too near a house,the radiation from the heat of th

5、e house preventsthe leaves from cooling and so prevents dew from forming,and the plant dies.In the southern United States and in Puerto Rico,one sees bromeliads growinghigh above the streets on the insulation（绝缘物）of electric wires.Theseplants get their water from rain,and the only soil they ever com

6、e in contactwith is the dust that may blow on their leaves.72Wood becomes larger because of.Adead cell wallsBwater entering dead cellsCthe growth of cellsDthe death of cells73From the passage we know that the evolutionary scale is gradedaccording to.Aevolutionary cyclesBheights and depthsCtimeDkinds

7、74The“bromeliad”is a plant that.Ahas useless rootsBis a pineappleCcan grow anywhereDtakes up water through its leaves75The most suitable title for this passage is“”.AAbsorption of water by plantsBRootless plantsCPlants in the desertDHigher plants答案BCDAPassage 2（安徽省芜湖七中 2020;2020 届高三上学期第一次调研考试）The fo

8、llowing are four forms about medicine.How to use the medicine isvery important.Never take any by mistake.1）Take the medicine with water.followed by one tablet every eight hours.as required.For further nighttime and early morning.take two tablets atbedtime.Do not take more than six tablets in 24 hour

9、s.For Children six totwelve years old.go to your doctor for advice.Reduce dosage if nervousness.restlessness or sleeplessness takes place.2）Each pill of the medicine taken three times every day for fourteenyears old.As usual.a pill 6:00 a.m.before breakfast.One before 11:00and one before sleep.Not f

10、or children under six years old and old personswith heart attack.3）The medicine for a person with a fever.Once two pills a day beforesleep for adult.Not take the medicine without fever.Half for Children under12 years old.Children with a high fever.go to see a doctor.4）The medicine taken three times

11、a day.Once five pills for adult witha cold.Half of the pills for children 10 years old.Take the medicine beforebreakfast,lunch,supper or before sleep.51Obviously a kind of medicine cant be proper for.judging fromthe information.Achildren over twelve years oldBsome old persons with a feverCsome old p

12、ersons with heart attackDneither adults nor heart attack52When a person has a cold.he had better.Ahave about more than fourteen pills a dayBhave twice a dayChave four times a dayDhave nine pills a day53How many kinds of medicine are used for the children six years old?AAll of them.BThree kinds of me

13、dicine.CTwo kinds of medicine.DAlmost not any medicine.答案CADPassage 3（湖北省黄冈中学 2020;2020 届高三 8 月月考）Advice to“sleep on it”could be well founded,scientists sayAfter a goodnights sleep a problem that couldnt be solved the night before can oftenappear more manageable,although the evidence until now has b

14、een anecdotal(个人体验的)But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany havedesigned an experiment that shows a good nights sleep can improve insight(顿悟)and problem-solving“If you have some newly-got memories in your brain,sleep acts on thesememories and restructures them,so that after sleep the

15、insight into problemwhich you could not solve before increases,”said Dr Jan Born,aneuroscientist(神经科学家),at the universityTo test the theory,theytaught volunteers two simple rules to help them turn a string of numbers intoa new orderThere was also a third,hidden rule,which could help themincrease the

16、ir speed in solving the problemThe researchers divided thevolunteers into two groups:half were allowed to sleep after the trainingwhile the rest were forced to stay awakeDr Jan Born and his team noticedthat the group that had slept after the training were twice as likely to figureout the third rule

17、as the other group“Sleep helped,”Born said in atelephone interview“The important thing is that you have to have a memoryrepresentation in your brain of the problem you want to solve and then yousleep,so it can act on the problem”But Born admitted that he and histeam dont know how restructuring of me

18、mories occurs or what governsitPierre Maquet and Perrine Ruby of the University of Liege in Belgium saidthe experimental evidence supports the anecdotal suggestions that sleep canhelp develop creative thinking Although the role of sleep in human creativitywill still be a mystery,the research gives p

19、eople good reason to fullyrespect their periods of sleep,they added55 Theunderlinedphrase“sleeponit”inParagraph1probablymeansAto delay deciding something until the next dayBto get as much sleep as possibleCto go on sleeping without being disturbedDto sleep till after the time you usually get up in t

20、he morning56Jan Born and his team carried out the experiment through _AcomparisonBinterviewCsurveyDimagination57It can be inferred from the passage that _Apeople should sleep so long as they have timeBsleep is the only way to solve hard problemsCpeople have various periods of sleepDpeople know how s

21、leep reconstructs memories58What would be the best title for the passage?AHow Sleep WorksBSleep Helps Solve ProblemsCNo Evidence,But Well FoundedD Borns Discovery On Sleep答案AACBPassage 4（湖南省浏阳一中 2020;2020 届高三第一次月考）Sri Lanka is known as the“Pearl of the Indian Ocean”,and it is easyto see why.This lit

22、tle country never fails to please visitors.ArriveThe national airline is Sri Lankan Airlines,which flies from Colomboto London and a couple of other European cities.The countrys main airportis Colombo Bandaranaike,located 29km north of the capital city.Why now?The best time to visit Sri Lankas south

23、ern beaches is from Novemberto April.So by going early in the season,youll get the best weather.Alsoin November,Deepavali,known as“Diwali”or the“Festival of Lights”,is Sri Lankas main religious festival,celebrated throughout the country.SeeThere is plenty to see in Sri Lanka.The ancient capital citi

24、es ofPolonnaruwa and Anuradhapura are worth seeing,and so are many outstandingruins.Other mustsees are the rock fortress（要塞）of Sigiriya,toweringover the jungle as far as the eye can see,and Dambullas cave temple,thecountrys largest and best preserved.Both are UNESCO World Heritage（遗产）Sites.Kandy is

25、a picturesque town,which was the last stronghold ofthe Kandyan Kings.Today it is a cultural relic centre where ageold customs,arts,and crafts remain.DoSri Lanka owns about 1,600km of beautiful palm-shaded beaches as wellas warm,pure seas and colorful coral reefs（珊瑚礁）.You can explore theunderwater wo

26、rld,and surfing and diving are available too.Away from theshore,wildlife is a big draw for Sri Lanka,and Yala National Park is oneof the best places in the world to see wild animals including leopards（豹）and elephants.TasteSri Lanka is celebrated for its excellent food,with a particular emphasison fr

27、esh fruit and vegetables on menus everywhere.Fish and seafood are abig part of the local diet.Did you know?Sri Lanka is known for its tea,but it is also the worlds largestproducer and exporter of cinnamon（肉桂）.60.Which of the following is a cultural relic centre of Sri Lanka?A.Kandy.B.AnuradhapuraC.P

28、olonnaruwa.D.Colombo.61.If you want to know something about“Diwali”,youd better go therein.A.September.B.October.C.November.D.May.62.We learn from the passage that Sri Lanka.A.is in the Pacific OceanB.is famous for its excellentfoodC.is the worlds largest producer of teaD.has only flights to London6

29、3.The author wrote the article in order to.A.introduce the picturesque landscape of Sri LankaB.let readers know what is famous in Sri LankaC.make Sri Lanka well known throughout the worldD.let people get more travel information about Sri Lanka答案ACBDPassage 5（吉林省公主岭市范家屯一中 2020;2020 届高三模拟考试）Children s

30、tart out as natural scientists,eager to look into the world aroundthem.Helping them enjoy science can be easy;theres no need for a lot ofscientific terms or expensive lab equipment.You only have to share yourchildrens curiosity（好奇）.Firstly,listen to their questions.I oncevisited a classroom of seven

31、-year-olds to talk about science as a job.Thechildren asked me textbook questions about schooling,salary（薪水）andwhether I liked my job.When I finished answering,we sat facing one anotherin silence.Finally I said,Now that were finished with your lists,do youhave questions of your own about science?Aft

32、er a long pause,a boy raised his hand,Have you ever seen agrasshopper（蚱蜢）eat?When I try eating leaves like that,I get a stomachache.Why?This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.Secondly,give them time to think.Studies over the past 30 years haveshown that,after asking a question,ad

33、ults typically wait only one secondor less for an answer,no time for a child to think.When adults increasetheir wait time to three seconds or more,children give more logical（符合逻辑的）,complete and creative answers.Thirdly,watch your language.Once you have a child involved in a sciencediscussion,dont ju

34、mp in with Thats right or Very good.These wordswork well when it comes to encouraging good behavior（行为）.But in talkingabout science,quick praise can signal that discussion is over.Instead,keepthings going by saying Thats interesting or Id never thought of it thatway before,or coming up with more que

35、stions or ideas.Never push a child to Think.It doesnt make sense,children are alwaysthinking,without your telling them to.Whats more,this can turn aconversation into a performance.The child will try to find the answer youwant,in as few words as possible,so that he will be a smaller target（目标）for you

36、r disagreement.Lastly,show;dont tell.Real-life impressions of nature are far moreimpressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a televisionprogram.Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass（放大镜）,and theyll understand why you want them to wash before dinner.Rather

37、 than saying that water evaporates（蒸发）,set a pot of water to boiland let them watch the water level drop.41.According to the passage,children are natural scientists,and toraise their interest,the most important thing for adults to do is _.A.to let them see the world around B.to share the childrens c

38、uriosityC.to explain difficult phrases about science D.to supply the childrenwith lab equipment42.In the last sentence of the first paragraph,the word lists couldbest be replaced by _.A.any questionsB.any problemsC.questions from textbooksD.any number of questions43.According to the passage,children

39、 can answer questions in a morelogical,complete and creative way if adults _.A.ask them to answer quicklyB.wait for one or two seconds aftera questionC.tell them to answer the next dayD.wait at least for three secondsafter a question44.In which of the following paragraph（s）does the author tell us wh

40、atto say to encourage children in a science discussion?A.The second and third.B.The fourth and fifth.C.The fifth andsixth.D.The seventh.45.The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults toshare with their childrens curiosity except that adults should _.A.tell their children stories i

41、nstead of reciting（背诵）factsB.offer their children chances to see things for themselvesC.be patient enough when their children answer questionsD.encourage their children to ask questions of their own答案BCDCAPassage 6（浙江省海盐县元济高级中学 2020;2020 届高三第一次月考）There are several reasons for hair loss in women.Howe

42、ver,in most cases,treatment is quite effective.Female hair loss patterns in women are not aseasily recognizable as they are in men.A woman may experience it temporarilydue to pregnancy or illness,although they may experience it for otherreasons.Hair loss can be due to a variety of factors,including

43、a genetic tendency(which is not genetically linked to just one parentboth parents contributeto the tendency to lose hair).Women who are experiencing hair problems seem to have more limitedchoices than men.There are some female hair loss treatments that areavailable such as the Tricomin System which

44、is a topical treatment that isnutrition based.Shen Min for Women is another natural treatment thatcontains herbs(药草)that are said to stimulate(刺激)hair growth and evenrestore hair that is graying to its natural color.The majority of the popular,proven hair loss treatments are onlyintended for men and

45、 are not suitable for women.True,a womans hair issueis different from a mans.The biological makeup is different and the needsare different.Women have different needs and their bodies react in differentways to environmental changes,physical illness and even the treatments thatare available.There are

46、many natural treatments such as vitamin and mineralsupplements that are said to stimulate hair growth,but,for the most part,these claims are currently unproven.One of the first and most important factors to effectively treating isto get a diagnosis from a doctor.Talk to your doctor about any symptom

47、s thatyou may be experiencing in addition to the thinning hair.Stress,weight lossor gain,illness and depression,all of these can be contributing factors.73.It can be learned from the 1stparagraph that _.A.usually hair loss is hard to healB.female hair loss is more common than the mensC.women tend to

48、 suffer from hair loss during the pregnantperiodD.only illness contributes to hair loss74.Which of the following statements matches the text about the twotreatments?A.Both are to solve the problem of male hair loss.B.Tricomin System is effective in speeding the growth of thenew hairC.Shen Min is an

49、updated way of treating hair lossD.Theformerisnutrition-based,whilethelatterismedicine-based.75.The reasons for the differences between the female and male hair lossproblems do not include _.A.The biological structure and composition of the hairB.The wants and needsC.The reactions and responses to t

50、he outside changesD.The approach to taking exercise76.The natural treatments _.A.include vitamin and mineral supplementsB.areapplied to keep the hair healthyC.have been proved usefulD.are the most commonly-used ways答案CDDAPassage 7（甘肃省酒泉市肃州中学 2020;2020 届高三入学考试）EWhen should a child start learning to r