初中英语介词用法详解与练习(14965).doc

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1、1/7介词介词定义定义：介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。一、表示时间的介词：一、表示时间的介词：1)in,1)in,onon,atat 在时inin 表示较长时间表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月与一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等如 in the 20th century,in the 1950s,in 1989,in summer,in January,in the morning,in thenight,in

2、ones life,in ones thirties 等。onon 表示具体某一天与其早、中、晚表示具体某一天与其早、中、晚如 on May 1st,on Monday,on New Years Day,on a cold night in January,on a fine morning,on Sunday afternoon 等。atat 表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等如 at 3:20,at this time of year,at the beginning of,at the end of,at the age of,atChrist

3、mas，at night,at noon,at this moment 等。注意：注意：在 last,next,this,that,some,every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.“atat 时间点，有时间点，有 onon 必有天，必有天，inin 指月季年，也和色相连指月季年，也和色相连”就是说，有具体的时间点的时候用 at，具体那一天用 on，说到月份，季节，年份，就用 in；而且说谁穿了什么颜色的衣服的时候，也是用 in（color）at 用于某一具体时刻或重大节日之前在五点钟_ 在中午_ 在夜晚_ 在圣诞节_ 在午夜_(2)on 用在具体某一天或某天

4、的上午、下午、晚上之前在国庆节_ 在周二晚上_ 在星期天_(3)in 用在周、日、季节或泛指的上午、下午、晚上前在一周_ 在五月_ 在夏季_ 在 2009 年_ 在下午_归纳总结：归纳总结：在初中阶段常见的固定短语in English 用英语in a minute 一会儿、立刻in a short while 一会儿、不久in a hurry 匆匆忙忙in danger 在危险中in full 全部地、详细地in a word 一句话in all 总共in every case 不管怎样in the end 最后in spite of 尽管in person 亲自in fact 事实上in g

5、ood health 身体健康的in front of 在前面in some ways 在某些方面in common 共同的in public 当众考题再现：-Who was the first man with A(h1n1)flu in mainland China know for sure?-_May 11,2009.A.InB.OnC.ForD.Since2 2)before,before,afterafterbeforebefore 表示表示“在某时刻或某件事之前在某时刻或某件事之前”，afterafter 用在时刻或某件事之后用在时刻或某件事之后We must leave _.八

6、点钟之前我们必须离开。（before 8 oclock）_breakfast,he hurried to school.早餐后，他匆忙上学去了。（After）考题再现：When the school building began to shake,the teachers ran downstairs _all thestudents.The teachers are real hero.A.afterB.withC.before2/73)3)by,by,until,until,tilltill（1 1）byby 表示表示“在在之前，到之前，到为止为止”You must hand in you

7、r homework _nine oclock.你必须在 9 点前交上家庭作业。（by）（2 2）tilltill 与与 untiluntil 都有都有“直到直到”或或“直到直到为止为止”之意之意，till 多用于口语，且不能放在句首，till和 until 用于肯定句时，主句中动词的动作一致延续到 till 或 until 后的时间为止；till 和 until 用于否定句时，主句中的动词是瞬间动作，它的动作要到 till 或 until 后的时间才发生。He can not be back _January.直到一月份他才回来。（till/until）We waited _10 ocloc

8、k last night.昨晚我们一直等到 10 点钟。（till/until）4)4)of,of,about,about,ononofof 仅指仅指“关于关于”人或事物的存在人或事物的存在He spoke of the film the other day.He thought of the matter yesterday.aboutabout 指指“关于关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况某人或某事物的较详细的情况Its a book for children about Africa and its people.Can you tell me something about yourse

9、lf?onon 指指“关于关于”学术性的或严肃性的，供专门研究用的学术性的或严肃性的，供专门研究用的Its a textbook on history of China.5)5)in,in,afterafter两者都有“在一段时间之后”之意，但“in+时间段”表示时间从现在算起，常用语将来时态；而“after+时间段/时间点”表示的时间从过去算起，多用于过去式。（1）I will finish the work _two hours.两个小时后我将完成这项工作。（2）He returned his hometown _half an year.半年后他返回了他的故乡。考题再现No hurry.

10、The bus will arrive _ten minutes.A.atB.forC.inD.by解析在将来时中，in 用在一段时间之前，表示在一段时间之后。故选 C二、表示地点的介词：二、表示地点的介词：1.1.表示方位的介词：表示方位的介词：in,in,on,on,totoin 表示“在”，on 表示“与相邻”，to 表示“在之外，又不相邻”A is in the northeast of B.A is on the west of B.B is to the east of A.考题再现Taiwan is a beautiful island and its _east of Fuji

11、an.A.inB.onC.to解析在表示方位时，in 表在部，on 表相邻，to 表在外部，又不相邻。在的外部，与隔海相望。2.2.表示表示“在在之上或之下之上或之下”的介词：的介词：above,above,over,over,onon在在上上above 指在上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below 相对；over 指垂直的上方,与 under 相对,但 over 与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。on 表示某物体上面并与之接触。The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on

12、the desk.3/73.3.below,below,underunder在在下面下面under 表示在正下方below 表示在下，不一定在正下方There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.My pencil-case is _ Li Leis desk.我的铅笔盒在磊的课桌上。There is a bridge _ the river.河上有座桥。The plane is flying _ the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。Please do not write _this line.请不要

13、写在这条线的下面。The water flows _ the bridge.水在桥下流过。考题再现The weather report said that the temperature would fell _ zero.(在下面)解析表示在温度的上方或下方用 above（上）或 below（下）4.4.表示在某地的介词：表示在某地的介词：atat、inin、ononat表示较小的地点，in表示较大的地方，on表示在一个平面上。_ Shanghai._ home._ ground.考题再现Tom told me his parents had arrived _Beijing.A.atB.o

14、nC.inD.to解析arrive 后接两个介词 in 或 at，at 接小地方，in 接方。是方，5.5.表示表示“前、后前、后”的介词的介词inin frontfront ofof，inin thethe frontfront ofof，beforebefore 表示“在之前”in front of=before 表示“在某一围之外的前面”；in the front of 表示“在某一围之的前部”Tom is short and always sits _ the classroom.汤姆很矮，一直坐在教室的前面。There is a tree _ my house.我的房前有棵大树。at

15、at thethe backback ofof,behind,after,behind,after 三者均有“在之后”之意，at the back of 是 in the front of 的反义词，表示“在某一围之的后部”，behind 是 in front of 的反义词，表示“在某一围之外的后面”，after 可与 behind 互换，也可以用于表示运动的词词后面。The couples are walking _their son.这对夫妇跟在他们的儿子后面散步。Your cat is _the tree.你的猫躲在树后面。Theres a blackboard _the classr

16、oom.教室后面有块黑板。考题再现There is a bank _（在后面）the bus station.6.6.表示表示“里外里外”的介词的介词in 表示“在”，有静止之意，inside 表示“在里面”、“到里面”，强调“以为界”之意，into 表示动作的方向，意为“到”。My wallet is _the closet.我的钱包在衣柜里。The boy rushed _ the house.这个男孩冲进房子。He was reading English _the door.他在家里读英语。outside 是 inside 的反义词，表示“在外面”，out of 是 into 的反义词，

17、表示“到外”。Dont look _the window when you are in class.上课时不要想窗外看。They are having an important meeting,please wait _ the office.7.7.from,from,to,to,for,for,into,into,outout ofof1)from 从.The train started from Paris.She will fly from Beijingto HK.2)to 到.（目的地）去，向.He went to Guangzhou last year.They got to

18、the town very4/7late.3)for 向.，表目的方向He left for Tianjin on business yesterday.The train for Shanghaihas been away.towards,to 和 for 都可表示方向，其区别如下：towards 仅指朝向某个方向，不一定是目的地，而 to 和 for 都是“向目的地”。for 作“向（目的地）时，常用于固定搭配中，如：leave for,start for4)into 进入Please put the water into the bottle.5)out of 从.出来A girl in

19、 red went out of the shop.三、其他介词三、其他介词1 1、表示材料与手段的介词：、表示材料与手段的介词：with,with,by,by,ininwith 表示用什么工具，所用的东西都是具体的物。We see _our eyes and hear _ears.我们用眼看，用耳听。by 指“靠手段”，“用方法”，“凭借动作”，所表示的方法、手段、途径比较抽象，后接名词、代词或动名词，也可和 bus、plane、bike 等表示交通手段的名词连用。He earns his living _writing.他靠写作谋生。I shall contact you _telepho

20、ne.我将打和你联系。I will travel to Hainan _ air.我将乘飞机去。考题再现Lin often practices English _ chatting with her American friend.A.inB.by C.forD.within 表示“所用材料以与所用的语言、声音、衣饰等”They are talking _Japanese.他们正用日语交谈。The boy always _a blue heat.男孩常带一顶蓝帽。I like to draw picture _red ink.我喜欢用红墨水画画。考题再现Betty,lets make a ca

21、ke _some flour,sugar,butter and milk.A.atB.ofC.inD.with解析根据句意“Betty 让我们用面粉、糖做面包”可知，空格部分介词为用，with 指工具或材料2 2、of,of,from,from,aboutaboutof 表示“属于的”，表示数量或种类；from 表示“是哪里人”以与时间或时间的起点来自；about“关于”“大约、左右”等。The old man sit here _morning.从早晨起老人就坐在这儿。Wang Hong is a friend _mine.王红是我的一位朋友。I know nothing _him.我对他一

22、无所知。There are _fifty people in the room.房间里大约有 50 人。Here is a cup _tea for you.给你一杯茶。These visitors are all _American.这些游客都来自美国。考题再现I got anthis morning.It was _ my foreign friend,Tony.四、几个易混介词的用法辨析四、几个易混介词的用法辨析1)1)表示表示“在在之间之间”的介词：的介词：between,amongbetween 指在两个人或两个事物之间；among 指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。5/7My sc

23、hool is _the post office and the hospital.我的学校在邮局和医院之间。I found him _the crowd.我从人群中发现了他。考题再现You must ride your bike _the right side of road.A.atB.onC.inD.forThere is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground.The teacher is standing among the students.2)by,2)by,with,with,inin

24、表示方法、手段、工具表示方法、手段、工具by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；with 表示用工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段；in 表示用方式，用语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；He makes a living by selling newspapers.He broke the window with a stone.The foreigner spoke to us in English.五、含有介词的固定搭配五、含有介词的固定搭配1、介词与动词do well in在 某 方 面 做的好do with处置agree with sb.同意某人begin with以开始laugh at嘲笑h

25、elp with在方面帮助leave for动身去某地catch up with赶上geton/alongwith与相处arrivein/at到达makefriend with与交朋友take care of照顾、照料look at看listen to听hear from听说look for寻找turn on/off打开/关上send for派人去请look after照看、照料put on穿上pay for为付钱look over检查depend on依赖、依靠wait for等候fill with充满ask for要，要求考题再现What would you do _the lost li

26、brary book?I would by to find it or pay _it.A.for,toB.about,forC.with,forD.with,to解析本题考查的是介词的固定搭配。do with 意为“处置”、“对付”，pay for“为付钱”2、介词和形容词的固定搭配be satisfied with sb.对某人感到满意be weak in在某方面差be good/bad for对有益/有害be late for迟到be pleased with sb.对某人感到满意be busy with忙于be angry at sth.因而生气be made of由制成be angr

27、y at sb.生某人的气be good at在方面做的好be full of充满be different from与不同be strict with sb.对某人要求严格be strict in sth.对某事要求严格be proud of以为荣考题再现We must be strict _ourselves and strict _our work.6/7A.in,withB.with,inC.in,inD.with,with3、介词与名词搭配in time与时at work在工作on time按时in fact事实上at home在家at once马上at night晚上in troub

28、le处于困境on foot步行on duty值日in a hurry匆忙in the sun在下巩固练习巩固练习1.Taiwan is _ the southeast of China.（in,on,to）2.Go _ the bridge _ the river,youll find the shop.（across,through;over,above）3.I go to school _7:30 every morning.（in,on,at）4.He would like to meet her _8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning.（between,amon

29、g）5.The Greens have lived in China _ three years.（in,for,after）6.We go to school every day _ Saturday and Sunday.（except,besides）7.He wrote the letter _ ink.（by,with,in）8.She returned to her country _five years.（in,after,for）9.There is a big tree _ our classroom.（after,behind）10.I usually go to work

30、 _ bike.（by,on,with）强化复习强化复习1.Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A.on;on B.at;onC.in;inD.in;on2.-There is nothing tomorrow afternoon,is there?-No.We can have a game of table tennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up3.A lot of students in our school were born _ March,1981.A.in B.atC.onD.since4.They

31、suddenly returned_ a rainy night.A.onB.atC.inD.during5.My grandfather was born _ Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of6.The train is starting _ five minutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still7.Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on8.Children wake up very early _ the morning of Christmas

32、 Day.A.inB.onC.forD.at9._ a cold winter morning,I met her in the street.A.InB.On C.AtD.For10.Why did you get up so early _ this morning.A.onB./C.atD.in11.He went to Shanghai_ September 3,1991 and came back_ a cold morning last year.A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;in13.Lucy was born_ the night of May 12,19

33、84.A.onB.inC.atD.to7/714.Ann moved _ Hangzhou_ September,1992.A./;inB.to;inC.to;onD.in;in15.They started off_ an autumn afternoon.A.duringB.atC.inD.on16.He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning.A.for,to,inB.to,at inC.to,for,atD,for,at,to17.The doctor worked_ five hours_ a rest.A.for,withB.o

34、n,withoutC.about,havingD.for,without18.I worked on the problem _ a long time and I worked it out_ myself_ last.A.for,by,atB.in,with,onC.on,by,inD.for,for;at the19.Two years_ he began to write another story-book.A.afterB.laterC.inD.late20.We will finish the picture _ a day.A.in B.on C.after D.on21.7 Mr.Brown had lain _ the ground _ four hours before they finally found him.A.on;for B.at;in C.on;after D.in;during22.She lived in the mountain village_ the years 1940-1950.A.between B.during C.in D.since