创新理论方法与生态文明建设实践 (3).pdf

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1、Inventive thinking and method for Ecological protectionModule 3 The total amount of solid waste in countries around the world will continue to rise in the future Among the global solid waste percentage,organic waste accounts for about half1.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSolid waste

2、pollution INPUT:ORGANIC WASTE600,000 t/yOF ORGANIC WASTEEquivalenttotheyearlyproduction of organic waste of 6million inhabitantsOUTPUT:ENERGY,BIOMETHANE,FERTILIZER32,000,000 m3/yOF BIOMETHANE38,000 t/yOF LIQUID CO290,000 t/yOF ORGANIC FERTILIZER15.8 electric MWh14.8 thermal MWh1.Cases of solving pro

3、blems using innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution In general,modern society produces wastes,which consist of organics and inorganics.The first group includes food,wood and garden waste,paper,plastics,textiles,rubber,leather and other materials.The second group comprises mainly glass and metals.Typica

4、l households waste consists of a range of materials that vary in composition,depending on the community,its consumers incomes,lifestyles and its degree of industrialization.Organic waste accounts for a significant proportion of waste in each country.1.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZS

5、olid waste pollution The EPA Food Recovery Hierarchy,an inverted pyramid,serves as a framework of solutions for how best to tackle excess food supply and keep it from ending up in our landfills.Food waste is a global problem.In 2015,The United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)made a goal t

6、o reduce food waste by 50%by the year 2030.Currently,40%of the food supply is estimated to be wasted.Notably,landfill is the least favored disposal option for waste generated in food and beverage producers worldwide.Meanwhile,the pyramids highest priority is to reducing waste at the source of produc

7、tion.1.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution Main food waste treatment technologyProcessing technologyDescriptionMiniature organic waste processorThere are two main types of processors:Smash the garbage and drain it into the sewer;Use bacteria to break down organic mat

8、ter Use the remaining residue as fertilizer.Landfill treatmentThe food waste is sent to the landfill for disposal along with the ordinary waste.But many countries have banned it.Fertilization treatmentMainly including aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion.But the quality of the fertilizer is no

9、t good,the cost is relatively high,and the promotion is difficult.Energy treatmentConverted into energy by incineration,thermal decomposition,fermentation,hydrogen production,etc.Source reductionNo secondary pollutionsmall space occupiedEasy to operateLow operating costs1.Cases of solving problems u

10、sing innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution In 1940s,the USA successfully developed a household organic waste processor to solve the trouble of treating food waste.More than 90%of households in the USA today use this type of machine.Some well-known Japanese electrical companies such as Hitachi,and Tos

11、hiba have developed and promoted organic waste processor as a promising product.The food waste is smashed and directly flushed into the sewer by means of hydraulic power.Advantages:Reduce productionReduce processing costsDisadvantages:Affect the sewage systemLow resource levelHow to improve the reso

12、urce utilization of food waste?High efficiency,friendly and easy operation as the goal,we try to design an novel organic waste processor through creative design methodology-TRIZ theory.1.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution The organic waste processor should meet vari

13、eties of requirements simultaneously during its use,including use environment,recycling of organic waste,and mechanical behavior.Organic waste processor target user(aged from 30 to 60)needs were analyzed.The organic waste processor user requirements hierarchy was established from bottom to top.Final

14、ly,user requirements were converted into organic waste processor product design concepts.Case study:Innovation Design of Organic Waste ProcessorUsing TRIZ TheoryProblem to be solvedBest solutionCorresponding engineering parametersCorresponding standard solutionAbstract and transformAnalog applicatio

15、ns(1)Problem descriptionSun et al.,2017.1.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution Organic waste processor user requirements hierarchy1.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution Processing objectMarket demandFunctional requirementsDesign ideaPhy

16、sicalcharacteristics GeometricalcharacteristicsEnvironmentalEconomicalSafetyPracticabilityBasic functionInnovationRapidityOther functionsSoft and hard mixWaste formWater conservationCost savingGood component performanceGood mechanical propertiesWaste recyclingTheoreticalinnovation Rapid processingAu

17、tomatic storage Viscosity effectProcessor specification Rational utilization of waste resourcesSmell removerInnovative technologyTechnological innovationProcessorNew organic waste processor design concepts were described as the following 3 questionsRequired functionRecycling of organic waste resourc

18、es and processing quicklyEnvironmental performances of water conservation Ensure rational layout of organic waste processor structure AdvantagesDisadvantagesAdd new functions Increase the overall weight of organic Improve the automation The harmful factors should be improved Complicate the morpholog

19、icalstructure Complicate the morphologicalstructure 1.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution(2)Conflict analysisPhysical conflict means that in order to realize a certain function,a subsystem or component should have a characteristic,but there will still be the opposite

20、 characteristics at the same time.Organic wasteneed to be safety discharged after grindingshould be utilized reasonably opposite1.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution Technical conflict refers to the optimization of one or more parameters in the system,while the other

21、 one or more parameters will be deteriorated simultaneously.1.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution Applying TRIZ theory,we summarized the above technical conflicts of the organic waste processor,and listed its decision process.NameJudgement ReasonFunction increase and

22、 overall weight increaseWhile meeting the characteristic of function increase,it makes overall weight increase characteristic deteriorated.Automation and complex morphological structureWhile meeting the characteristic of automation,it also leads to the deterioration of the complex morphological stru

23、cture.Harmful factors of an object and complex morphological structureWhile meeting the characteristic of the harmful factors of an object,it also leads to the deterioration of the complex morphological structure.Organic waste processor technical conflicts decision process1.Cases of solving problems

24、 using innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution Applying TRIZ theory,we summarized the above technical conflicts of the organic waste processor,and listed its decision process.NameJudgement ReasonFunction increase and overall weight increaseWhile meeting the characteristic of function increase,it makes

25、overall weight increase characteristic deteriorated.Automation and complex morphological structureWhile meeting the characteristic of automation,it also leads to the deterioration of the complex morphological structure.Harmful factors of an object and complex morphological structureWhile meeting the

26、 characteristic of the harmful factors of an object,it also leads to the deterioration of the complex morphological structure.Organic waste processor technical conflicts decision process1.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution Applying TRIZ theory,we summarized the abov

27、e technical conflicts of the organic waste processor,and listed its decision process.NameJudgement ReasonFunction increase and overall weight increaseWhile meeting the characteristic of function increase,it makes overall weight increase characteristic deteriorated.Automation and complex morphologica

28、l structureWhile meeting the characteristic of automation,it also leads to the deterioration of the complex morphological structure.Harmful factors of an object and complex morphological structureWhile meeting the characteristic of the harmful factors of an object,it also leads to the deterioration

29、of the complex morphological structure.Organic waste processor technical conflicts decision process1.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution Transforming the existing technical conflicts into 39 general engineering parameters of TRIZ theoryNo.1 The weight of a moving obj

30、ectrefers to the force that a moving object in gravitational field acting on the support to prevent it from falling freely,which belongs to deteriorated parameters.No.12 Appearance refers to the external outline or looks of an object,which belongs to deteriorated parameters.No.31 The harmful factors

31、 of an object means that the object or systems quality and efficiency was declined due to its operation,which belongs to improved parameters.No.35 Adaptability and utility is the possibility that the object or system performs its functions in various ways under the influence of many external factors

32、,which belongs to improved parameters.No.38 Degree of automation refers to an ability that the object or system realizes its own function without human intervention,which belongs to improved parameters.1.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution(3)Problem solvingSeparation

33、 principle for physical conflict The core idea of solving physical conflict:the separation of conflictSeparation StrategiesIn SpaceIn TimeOn ConditionBy transition to an alternative systemOrganic waste processor recycling system Grindingequipment Granulation equipment 1.Cases of solving problems usi

34、ng innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution Inventive principle for technological conflict By analyzing the conflict resolution matrix list of TRIZ theory,we got the inventive principles needed to solve the above technical conflicts.1.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution

35、Principle No.6(general principle),No.13(reverse function principle),No.35(parameter variation principle)can effectively solve the conflict in organic waste processor design.Improved parametersDeteriorated parameters The commendatory inventive principle35 Adaptability and utility1 The weight of a mov

36、ing object1 6 15 838 Degree of automation12 Appearance15 32 1 1331 The harmful factors of an object12 Appearance35 1Organic waste processor conflict matrix.1.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution Placed drain off system to make the granulated products entered into retr

37、actable material tray Setting the retractable material tray under the granulation bin Increasing the granulation function besides its basic grinding function No.6 general principleNo.35 parameter variation principleNo.13 reverse function principle1.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSoli

38、d waste pollution(3)Solution designOrganic waste processor innovation designCombined with the solution of physical conflicts and technical conflicts mentioned above,we obtained the innovation design scheme of this organic waste processor device.Structure diagram of organic waste processor.1.Cases of

39、 solving problems using innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution(4)Conclusion Through TRIZ theory and tools,we carried out an innovation design practice of organic waste processor,the main results were as following:The organic waste could be used effectively by integrating grinding and granulating into

40、a whole body.Through the reform of current organic waste processors drain off system,its automation degree was prompted,and the water resource was saved.By changing the geometric parameters of the organic waste processors drain off system,and adopting the retractable material tray,the secondary poll

41、ution on urban sewage system was avoided,and the packaging of the organic waste material was more convenient.1.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSolid waste pollution In 2018,of the 1613 water quality sections in surface water in China,the proportion of worse Class IV is 35.8%China envi

42、ronmental quality bulletin 20182.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZWater pollutionCase study:Filtration in sewage treatment systemSewage treatment systemPrimary filter梁成刚等.内蒙古科技与经济,2014.2.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZWater pollution(1)Problem analysisImprove filtration

43、 efficiency(2)Physical ConflictIncrease the pore sizeReduce the pore sizeSmaller SS will pass through the filter and enter the filtrate,So that the filtrate cannot reach the standardWith the increase of flowresistance,the time of sewage passing through the filter becomes longer,resulting in the decr

44、ease of treatment amount and filtration efficiencyTRIZ conflict2.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZWater pollutionTRIZ 14thSpheroidality principleTRIZSpace SeparationConflict problem2.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZWater pollution(3)Solution Centrifugation2.Cases of solv

45、ing problems using innovative TRIZWater pollutionhttps:/ Soil Pollution Status Survey Bulletin16.1%:Total over-standard rate of soil pollution36.3%:Over-standard rate of soils near the industry7.0%:Over-standard rate of Cd heavy metal3.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSoil pollutionCas

46、e study:soil remediation(1)Problem Description Heavy metal pollution in soil Disadvantage of current methods High cost Long repair time Destruction of soil structure/function3.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSoil pollution(2)Conflict analysis Reduction Cost Feasible Complex Safety Rec

47、ycling Persistent effectSubstance-field analysis TRIZ Invention Principle Self service Cheap short-living objects Mediator/intermediary Reduction of hazardous timeParameter3.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZSoil pollution朱明霞等，农业技术与装备，2014.(3)Solution李玉宝等.科技导报,2017.3.Cases of solving pr

48、oblems using innovative TRIZSoil pollutionAir pollution in Beijing as measured by Air Quality Index(AQI)in 20164.Cases of solving problems using innovative TRIZAir pollutionWith the stricter requirements of national standards and policies on the emission limits of coal-fired power plants,Chinas elec

49、tric dust removal technology has also experienced a process from scratch to rapid development.How to predict the future development of dust collector technology?TRIZ offers many innovative tools for problem solving,such as S-curves and technological evolution laws.4.Cases of solving problems using i

50、nnovative TRIZAir pollutionCase study:Evolution Study of Bag-hose Precipitator Based on TRIZ With the increase of environmental protection,the demand for bag-hose precipitator has increased significantlyBig market demand of dust removal technologyImportance of Trend of technology developmentTo study