船舶焊接生产基础 (16).pdf

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1、 Content The concept of visual inspection 1 Visual inspection equipment and apparatus 2 Visual inspection of typical weldments 3 Concept of visual detection Concept of visual detection Visual inspection is a non-destructive testing method of surface quality performed before other non-destructive tes

2、ting.In a broad sense,as long as the detection that relies on peoples vision is called visual inspection.Welding inspection scale Concept of visual detection Modern visual inspection usually refers to the surface quality inspection used to detect the geometric dimensions,structural integrity,shape d

3、efects,etc.of the workpiece.Visually detected equipment and equipment Reflectors,magnifiers,Microscopes,telescopes Industrial endoscopes camera camera Welding inspection ruler,etc Visual inspection refers to a non-destructive testing method that directly observes the surface of a specimen using only

4、 the naked or naked eye in combination with various magnification devices.Visually detected equipment and equipment Visual detection of typical welding parts The visual inspection of weldments is mainly to inspect the weld seam,and the process of inspection runs through the pre-welding,welding proce

5、ss,and post-welding.Visual inspection is generally performed before other detection methods are carried out.Visual detection of typical welding parts Get ready Job Select a detection method Task implementation Welding defects of vision Detect the operation Weld surface Quality Acceptance criteria Vi

6、sual detection of typical welding parts Prepare equipment and equipment Before implementing visual inspection,prepare the basic equipment and tools used for inspection:telescopes with a magnification of 3 to 6 times,magnifying glasses with a magnification of 3 to 6 times,light sources,neutral gray c

7、ards with a reflectivity of 18%,illuminance meters,weld inspection rulers,other equipment,etc.Preparations Weldment surface cleaning Clean the surface of the welded part to be inspected by painting,oil,welding spatters and other foreign objects that hinder surface inspection,and the inspection area

8、usually includes a 100%accessible exposed surface,including the entire weld surface and the adjacent 25mm wide matrix metal surface.Preparations 02 Direct visual inspection 01 Detection method Select a detection method Indirect visual inspection Direct visual inspection：When the distance from the ob

9、ject to the eye is less than 600 mm,and the angle between the line of sight and the surface to be inspected is greater than 30,direct visual inspection is performed.Select a detection method Indirect visual inspection：Areas that cannot be directly observed can be visually inspected by indirect metho

10、ds and with the help of auxiliary tools such as mirrors,endoscopes,optical fibers,cameras,peritoneums or other suitable tools,provided that the resolution capacity of the auxiliary tools should be at least equivalent to that of direct visual inspection.Select a detection method Use the illumination

11、meter to measure the environmental illumination,which requires that the environment is greater than 160lx.Welding defect vision detection operation Environmental illuminance measurement Use an 18%gray card to check the sensitivity,requiring daylight or artificial light sources to ensure that the ins

12、pector can distinguish the 0.8mm black line on the neutral grayscale card reflecting 18%,or can distinguish the black line with a width of 0.8mm on the surface to be inspected.Welding defect vision detection operation Sensitivity measurement Welding defect vision detection operation Check the surfac

13、e forming of the weld.Two Two measurement methods for the remaining measurement methods for the remaining height of the butt weld height of the butt weld Welding defect vision detection operation Weld width measurement Welding defect vision detection operation Error measuring measurement.Welding def

14、ect vision detection operation Welding foot height measurement.Welding defect vision detection operation Ring welding seam thickness measurement.Welding defect vision detection operation Bite edge depth measurement.Welding defect vision detection operation Deep measurement of flat weld bite Merit wi

15、th arc surface bite Welding defect vision detection operation Observation detection of surface defects Measure the diameter of the stomata directly using a ruler or,with the help of a magnifying glass,measure the size of the stomata.Detection of surface porosity.Welding defect vision detection opera

16、tion Observation detection of surface defects Cracks are generally observed with a low-magnification magnifying glass.Detection of surface cracks.Welding defect vision detection operation Observation detection of surface defects It can usually be observed directly by visual inspection,and the presen

17、ce of a weld tumor defect can be determined by measuring the angle between the tangent line of the weld metal and the base metal.Detection of weld tumors.Welding defect vision detection operation Visual inspection of surface defects Test of welding tumor Extraordinary For pipe double-sided welded jo

18、ints,the remaining height range of the first column in Table 2-2 is suitable for the inner and outer surfaces of this joint;the single-sided welded butt joint,the first column in the table below applies to the outer surface of the weld,and the remaining height range of the second column applies to t

19、he inner surface.The value of the coherent height is determined by the highest point of the adjacent weld surface.The following defects are not allowed on the surface of the weld：table2-2 Pipe double-sided welding welding joint residual height range(unit:mm)Wall thickness The maximum residual height

20、 is exceeded Weld outer surface Weld inner surface 3.2 2.4 2.4 3.24.8 3.2 2.4 4.812.6 4.0 3.2 12.625.6 4.8 4.0 The bite edges and roots are sunken.The depth of the undercut does not exceed 10%of the wall thickness or more than 0.8mm,and the root depression exceeds the minimum required cross-sectiona

21、l thickness.The following defects are not allowed on the surface of the weld：Fault edge The maximum amount of wrong edges after group welding to a part should not exceed the range in the following table.Table 2-3 Maximum amount of wrong edges after group welding of components(unit:mm)Wall thickness t Longitudinal Circular 12.6 t/4 t/4 12.619 3.2 t/4 1938.4 3.2 4.8 38.452 3.2 4.0 Thanks for watching